| Preface |
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| How this textbook could be used |
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vii | |
| Acknowledgements |
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x | |
| Introduction: Words and the World |
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1 | (13) |
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1 The syntactic frames of phrasal verbs |
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1 | (1) |
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2 The meaning of phrasal verbs |
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2 | (4) |
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2.1 The meaning of the verb |
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2 | (1) |
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2.2 The meaning of the particles |
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3 | (2) |
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2.3 The metaphorical meaning of the whole expression 'verb + particle' |
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5 | (1) |
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2.4 A phrasal verb with one particle often has several meanings |
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5 | (1) |
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3 What do we use language for7 |
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6 | (2) |
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4 How do we perceive and conceive reality? |
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8 | (6) |
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4.1 The trajector and landmark: the moving entity and the place (point, container, surface) where it moves |
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9 | (2) |
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4.2 Symbols used in the drawings |
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11 | (1) |
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4.3 Questions on the Introduction |
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12 | (2) |
| 1 OUT is leaving a container |
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14 | (34) |
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1.1 OUT: entities moving out of containers |
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14 | (4) |
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1.2 OUT: eat or inviting to eat away from home |
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18 | (1) |
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1.3 OUT: sets, groups are containers |
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19 | (1) |
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1.4 OUT: bodies, minds, mouths are viewed as containers |
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20 | (2) |
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1.5 OUT: states/situations are containers |
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22 | (3) |
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1.6 OUT: non-existence, ignorance, invisibility also function as containers |
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25 | (7) |
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1.7 OUT: trajectors increasing to maximal boundaries |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (3) |
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1.9 Expand and test your knowledge of 'out' |
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37 | (4) |
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1.10 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'out'' |
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41 | (7) |
| 2 IN is entering or being inside a container |
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48 | (21) |
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2.1 IN: being inside or entering a container |
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48 | (3) |
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2.2 IN: atmospheric circumstances as containers |
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51 | (1) |
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2.3 IN: time viewed as a container |
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52 | (3) |
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2.4 IN: sets or groups viewed as containers |
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55 | (1) |
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2.5 IN: situations, circumstances as containers |
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55 | (2) |
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2.6 IN: psychological, physical states viewed as containers |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (2) |
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2.8 Expand and test your knowledge of 'in' |
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62 | (3) |
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2.9 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'in'' |
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65 | (4) |
| 3 INTO is entering a container |
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69 | (6) |
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3.1 INTO: motion into a container |
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69 | (1) |
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3.2 INTO: change is motion from one state into another |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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3.4 Expand and test your knowledge of 'into' |
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72 | (1) |
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3.5 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'into'' |
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73 | (2) |
| 4 UP is positive verticality |
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75 | (29) |
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4.1 UP: position at a high place or moving up to a higher one |
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75 | (2) |
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4.2 UP (to): aiming at or reaching a goal, an end, a limit |
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77 | (3) |
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4.3 UP: moving to a higher degree, value or measure |
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80 | (5) |
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4.4 UP: higher up is more visible, accessible, known |
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85 | (1) |
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4.5 UP: covering an area completely/reaching the highest limit |
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86 | (3) |
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89 | (3) |
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4.7 Expand and test your knowledge of 'up' |
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92 | (5) |
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4.8 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'up'' |
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97 | (7) |
| 5 DOWN is negative verticality |
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104 | (17) |
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5.1 DOWN: movement from a higher to a lower place |
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104 | (2) |
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5.2 DOWN: time and geographically orientated motion |
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106 | (1) |
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5.3 DOWN: decrease in intensity, quality, quantity, size, degree, value, activity, status, strength |
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107 | (4) |
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5.4 DOWN: reach a goal, completion, extreme limit down the scale |
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111 | (1) |
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5.5 DOWN: movements of eating or writing |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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5.7 Expand and test your knowledge of 'down' |
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115 | (3) |
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5.8 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'down'' |
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118 | (3) |
| 6 OFF is breaking contact |
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121 | (18) |
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6.1 OFF: loss of spatial contact or spatial separation |
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121 | (2) |
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6.2 OFF: separation as loss of contact |
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123 | (2) |
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6.3 OFF: separation as interruption of flow/supply |
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125 | (1) |
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6.4 OFF: separation due to motion away from its former state, condition or point of reference |
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126 | (6) |
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132 | (1) |
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6.6 Expand and test your knowledge of 'off' |
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133 | (4) |
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6.7 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'off'' |
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137 | (2) |
| 7 AWAY is disappearing |
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139 | (10) |
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7.1 AWAY: leaving a place or not being at it |
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139 | (2) |
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7.2 AWAY: gradual and continuously growing distance |
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141 | (2) |
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7.3 AWAY: complete disappearance |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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7.5 Expand and test your knowledge of 'away' |
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145 | (2) |
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7.6 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'away'' |
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147 | (2) |
| 8 ON is contact |
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149 | (11) |
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8.1 ON: contact or getting closer to make contact |
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149 | (2) |
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8.2 ON: from contact to closeness |
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151 | (1) |
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8.3 ON: time viewed as a surface |
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152 | (1) |
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8.4 ON: continuation of an action or situation |
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153 | (1) |
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8.5 ON: cause - effect viewed as two entities in contact |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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8.7 Expand and test your knowledge of 'on' |
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156 | (2) |
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8.8 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'on'' |
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158 | (2) |
| 9 OVER is higher than and close to |
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160 | (13) |
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9.1 OVER: being or moving higher than and close to sth or from one side to the other |
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160 | (1) |
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9.2 OVER: crossing a certain distance to get closer |
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161 | (1) |
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9.3 OVER: Motion viewed as covering completely or even in excess |
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162 | (2) |
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9.4 OVER/UNDER: higher than/beyond or lower than/below the norm |
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164 | (3) |
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9.5 OVER: examining thoroughly from all sides |
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167 | (1) |
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9.6 OVER: reflexive motion or completely bent |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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9.8 Expand and test your knowledge of 'over(-)/under-' |
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170 | (2) |
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9.9 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'over(-)/under-'' |
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172 | (1) |
| 10 BACK is returning |
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173 | (7) |
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10.1 BACK: return to or stay at an earlier location |
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173 | (1) |
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10.2 BACK: Return to an earlier state, time, situation |
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174 | (3) |
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177 | (1) |
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10.4 Expand and test your knowledge of 'back' |
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178 | (1) |
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10.5 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'back'' |
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179 | (1) |
| 11 ABOUT is dispersion |
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180 | (4) |
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11.1 ABOUT: location or motion in vicinity but in no particular direction |
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180 | (1) |
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11.2 ABOUT: from motion on a surface to mental motion on topics |
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181 | (1) |
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11.3 ABOUT: from vicinity to proximity in size, time, measure, quantity |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
| 12 (A)ROUND is vicinity or circular motion |
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184 | (3) |
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12.1 (A)ROUND: Location or motion (in different directions) often viewed from a central point |
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184 | (1) |
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12.2 (A)ROUND: figurative activities other than motion |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
| 13 ABOUT/(A)ROUND is dispersion vs. circular motion |
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187 | (6) |
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13.1 ABOUT/(A)ROUND: motion along +/- circular paths in different directions |
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187 | (2) |
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13.2 ABOUT/(A)ROUND: (metaphorical) paths in all kinds of directions |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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13.4 Expand and test your knowledge of 'about/(a)round' |
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190 | (2) |
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13.5 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'about/(a)round' ' |
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192 | (1) |
| 14 ACROSS is motion to opposite side |
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193 | (2) |
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14.1 ACROSS (preposition): motion from one side of a surface to another |
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193 | (1) |
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14.2 ACROSS (particle): figurative motion crossing to a human receiver |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
| 15 THROUGH is crossing a container |
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195 | (5) |
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15.1 THROUGH: motion inside an entity from end to end |
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195 | (1) |
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15.2 THROUGH: activities viewed as complete(d) motions |
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195 | (3) |
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198 | (1) |
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15.4 Expand and test your knowledge of 'through' |
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198 | (1) |
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15.5 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'through'' |
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199 | (1) |
| 16 BY is vicinity or path |
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200 | (4) |
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16.1 BY: location or motion near or at the side of an entity |
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200 | (1) |
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16.2 BY: closeness or location in time and measurement units |
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201 | (1) |
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16.3 BY: 'cause - effect', means viewed as two close objects |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (2) |
| 17 ALONG is parallel path or entity |
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204 | |
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17.1 ALONG: to be/to move towards the end of sth long |
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204 | (1) |
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17.2 ALONG: feelings are viewed as accompanying objects |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | |