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E-raamat: Wto And Environment-related International Trade Disputes, The: Biosecurity And Ecosystem Services Risks

(Univ Of Kent, Uk), (Univ Of Western Australia, Australia), (Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Uk)
  • Formaat: 212 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Europe Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781786347794
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Wto And Environment-related International Trade Disputes, The: Biosecurity And Ecosystem Services RisksSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 212 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Europe Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781786347794
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We live in a world that is increasingly dependent on international trade in a context of substantial regional/national political tensions. Adding to this is an emerging understanding and concern about the social impact of biosecurity and ecosystem services risks associated with such trade. As the key international trade 'arbiter', the World Trade Organization (WTO) has never before faced such complexity within its decision-making remit. With increasing numbers of bilateral and regional agreements, as well as new developments emerging such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) initiated by multi-national corporations in 2018, the WTO needs to implement ways of reinforcing its legitimacy and enhancing its relevance. This book provides an original analysis of these linked developments and delivers a timely contribution to resolving environment-related international trade disputes. It provides a clear roadmap for improving WTO trade dispute resolution procedures so both biosecurity and ecosystem services risks are considered in evaluating the social, economic and environmental impacts of international trade proposals. In so doing, the WTO should deliver enhanced multilateral social welfare.



Fraser, Cook, and Handdock-Fraser analyze the linked developments of international trade, the social impact of biosecurity and ecosystem services risks, and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Specifically, they offer a clear roadmap for improving WTO trade dispute resolution procedures that take into account both biosecurity and ecosystem services risks in evaluating the social, economics, and environmental impacts of international trade proposals, and in doing so, deliver enhanced multilateral social welfare. Annotation ©2020 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)
Foreword v
About the Authors vii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Why Read This Book?
1(1)
1.2 Background to This Book
1(1)
1.3 Motivation for and Objective of This Book
2(1)
1.4 Outline of the Contents of This Book
3(4)
Part A History and Analysis of the WTO in the Context of Trade Disputes
7(78)
Chapter 2 Brief History of the WTO and Its Environment-Related Trade Dispute Resolution Procedures
9(16)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Historical Context of the World Trade Organization
10(3)
2.3 Rules-Based Decision-Making
13(2)
2.4 Dispute Resolution
15(2)
2.5 Rules Pertaining to Trade and Environment
17(5)
2.6 Alternative Models for Decision-Making
22(3)
Chapter 3 WTO Trade Dispute Resolution Procedures in the Context of Biosecurity Risks -- Details and Critical Analysis of Applications to Global Trade Disputes
25(24)
3.1 Introduction
25(2)
3.2 Biosecurity Disputes
27(1)
3.3 DS18: Australia vs. Canada --- Measures Affecting The Importation of Salmon (1995)
28(3)
3.4 DS245: Japan vs. USA --- Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples (2002)
31(4)
3.5 DS367: Australia vs. New Zealand --- Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples from New Zealand (2007)
35(3)
3.6 DS430: India vs. USA --- Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Agricultural Products (2012)
38(3)
3.7 DS447: Argentina vs. USA --- Measures Affecting the Importation of Animals, Meat and Other Animal Products from Argentina (2012)
41(2)
3.8 DS475: Russian Federation vs. EU --- Measures on the Importation of Live Pigs, Pork and Other Pig Products from the European Union (2014)
43(3)
3.9 Summary of Analysis
46(1)
3.10 Limitations of the WTO's Approach to Date and Alternative Options
47(2)
Chapter 4 WTO Dispute Resolution Procedures in the Context of Ecosystem Services Risks --- Details and Critical Analysis of Applications to Global Trade Disputes
49(36)
4.1 Introduction
49(1)
4.2 Ecosystem Services Disputes
50(1)
4.3 US-Canada, Tuna 1982 (GATT Report L/5198)
51(2)
4.4 US-EC, Canada and Mexico Superfund Excise Taxes 1988 (L/6175)
53(2)
4.5 Canada-US, Unprocessed Herring and Salmon 1988 (L/6268)
55(2)
4.6 Thailand-US, Restrictions on the Importation of and Internal Taxes on Cigarettes (DS10/R)
57(3)
4.7 US-Mexico, Tuna-Dolphin I 1991 (ILM 1594)
60(2)
4.8 US-Canada, Beer 1992 (DS17/R)
62(2)
4.9 US-Netherlands and EU, Tuna-Dolphin II 1994 (DS29/2, DS29/3, ILM 839)
64(2)
4.10 US-EU, Taxes on Automobiles 1994 (Gas Guzzler and CAFE; ILM 1397)
66(4)
4.11 US-Venezuela and Others, Venezuelan Reformulated Gasoline 1996 (ILM 274)
70(3)
4.12 US vs. India, Pakistan, Malaysia and Thailand, Shrimp and Shrimp Products 1998 (WT/DS58 (and 61))
73(3)
4.13 Canada---EU, Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products 2001 (DS135)
76(2)
4.14 EU-Brazil, Retreaded Tyres 2007 (DS332)
78(2)
4.15 Summary of Analysis
80(2)
4.16 Limitations of the WTO's Approach to Date and Alternative Options
82(3)
Part B Evaluating International Trade Proposals in the Context of Biosecurity Risks
85(36)
Chapter 5 Evaluating International Trade Proposals in the Context of Biosecurity Risks: Methodology
87(8)
5.1 Introduction
87(1)
5.2 Theoretical Model for Welfare Analysis
88(4)
5.3 Using the Model for Welfare Analysis
92(1)
5.4 Conclusion
93(2)
Chapter 6 Evaluating International Trade Proposals in the Context of Biosecurity Risks: Case Studies
95(26)
6.1 Introduction
95(1)
6.2 New Zealand Apples Importation Request to Australia and the Risk of Fire Blight Introduction
96(14)
6.3 Canadian Salmon Importation Request to Australia and the Risk of Whirling Disease Introduction
110(9)
6.4 Conclusion
119(2)
Part C Evaluating International Trade Proposals in the Context of Ecosystem Services Risks
121(32)
Chapter 7 Evaluating International Trade Proposals in the Context of Ecosystem Services Risks: Methodology
123(12)
7.1 Introduction
123(1)
7.2 A Framework to Determine Net Changes in Ecosystem Services
124(6)
7.3 Analysis
130(2)
7.4 Discussion
132(1)
7.5 Conclusion
133(2)
Chapter 8 Evaluating International Trade Proposals in the Context of Ecosystem Services Risks: Case Studies
135(18)
8.1 Introduction
135(1)
8.2 Measures Affecting Brazilian Importation of Retreaded Tyres
136(7)
8.3 Measures Affecting Tuna Imported from Mexico
143(7)
8.4 Conclusion
150(3)
Part D A Way Forward
153(24)
Chapter 9 Dealing with Complexity: Non-Monetised Impacts and Distributional Considerations
155(16)
9.1 Introduction
155(1)
9.2 Import Risk Analyses and Cost Sharing Agreements in Biosecurity
156(2)
9.3 An Ecosystem Services Penalty System
158(2)
9.4 Outlining the Benefits of Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
160(2)
9.5 Designing a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Determine an Appropriate Ecosystem Services Penalty
162(7)
9.6 Conclusion
169(2)
Chapter 10 Conclusion
171(6)
10.1 Looking Back
171(3)
10.2 Looking Forward
174(3)
References 177(12)
Index 189
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