| Preface |
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ix | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
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xiii | |
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1 | (33) |
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2 | (15) |
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1.1.1 3D in the Nineteenth Century |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Early Twentieth-Century Developments |
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4 | (2) |
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1.1.3 The 1950s `Golden' Period |
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6 | (2) |
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1.1.4 The 1980s Revival and the Arrival of IMAX |
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8 | (4) |
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1.1.5 The Twenty-first-Century Revival |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.1.7 3D Television Broadcasts |
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14 | (3) |
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17 | (8) |
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1.2.1 Frame Compatible and Service Compatible Stereoscopic Video |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Multi-View Plus Depth Video |
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23 | (1) |
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1.2.5 Layered Depth Video |
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23 | (2) |
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1.3 3D Video Application Scenarios |
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25 | (4) |
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1.3.1 3DTV Broadcast Systems |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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1.3.4 3D Immersive Video-Conferencing |
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28 | (1) |
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1.3.5 Remote Applications |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (4) |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (27) |
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2.1 3D Scene Representation Formats and Techniques |
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34 | (2) |
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2.2 3D Video Capturing Techniques |
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36 | (16) |
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2.2.1 Camera Technologies |
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37 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Stereoscopic Video Capture |
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39 | (6) |
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2.2.3 Multi-View Video Capture |
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45 | (5) |
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2.2.4 Integral Imaging Capture |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (9) |
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2.3.1 Rectification and Colour Correction |
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54 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Extraction of Range Images |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (30) |
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3.1 Video Coding Principles |
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61 | (3) |
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3.2 Overview of Traditional Video Coding Standards |
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64 | (7) |
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3.2.1 Overview of MPEG-4 Part 10/H.264 AVC Standard |
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65 | (3) |
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3.2.2 High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) |
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68 | (3) |
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71 | (13) |
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3.3.1 Stereoscopic Video Coding |
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71 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Multi-View Video Coding |
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73 | (5) |
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3.3.3 Coding of Multi-View Plus Depth |
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78 | (6) |
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3.4 Recent Trends in 3D Video Coding |
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84 | (7) |
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3.4.1 3D Video with AVC-Based Coding Technology |
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86 | (1) |
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3.4.2 3D Video with HEVC-Based Coding Technology |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (4) |
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91 | (32) |
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4.1 Challenges of 3D Video Transmission |
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91 | (1) |
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4.2 Error Resilience and Concealment Techniques |
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91 | (7) |
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92 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Error Resilience Tools |
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93 | (4) |
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4.2.3 Forward Error Correction (FEC) |
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97 | (1) |
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4.3 3D Video Transmission: Example Scenarios |
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98 | (23) |
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4.3.1 3D Video Broadcast over DVB-T |
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98 | (4) |
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4.3.2 3D Video Streaming over IP Networks |
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102 | (3) |
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4.3.3 3D Video Transmission over Mobile Broadband |
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105 | (16) |
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121 | (2) |
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121 | (2) |
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5 Rendering, Adaptation and 3D Displays |
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123 | (27) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (11) |
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135 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Importance of the Depth Map in Adaptation |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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5.3.3 3D Video Adaptation for Mobile Terminals |
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136 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Multi-View Video Adaptation |
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138 | (2) |
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5.4 3D Display Technologies |
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140 | (10) |
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5.4.1 Anaglyphic Stereoscopic Displays |
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141 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Passive Stereoscopic Displays |
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142 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Active Stereoscopic Displays |
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143 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Auto-Stereoscopic Displays |
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144 | (2) |
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5.4.5 Light-Field Display |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (38) |
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6.1 2D Video Quality Metrics |
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150 | (2) |
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6.1.1 Peak-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR) |
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151 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) |
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151 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Video Quality Metric (VQM) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (7) |
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153 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Visual Perception of Depth |
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153 | (6) |
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6.3 3D Video Quality Evaluation Methods |
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159 | (9) |
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6.3.1 Subjective and Objective Quality Measurements |
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162 | (5) |
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6.3.2 Effects of Colour Texture Video and Depth Maps on Perceptual Quality |
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167 | (1) |
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6.4 Modelling the Perceptual Attributes of 3D Video |
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168 | (17) |
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6.4.1 Modelling the Image Quality of 3D Video |
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169 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Modelling the Depth Quality of 3D Video |
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170 | (9) |
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6.4.3 Compound 3D Video Quality Model |
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179 | (3) |
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6.4.4 Application of the Proposed Quality Models |
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182 | (1) |
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6.4.5 Context Dependency of Visual Experience |
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183 | (1) |
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6.4.6 3D-Specific Technical Properties that Affect the Viewing Experience |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (3) |
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186 | (2) |
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7 Conclusions and the Future of 3DTV |
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188 | (9) |
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188 | (3) |
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7.1.1 Chapter 1: Introduction |
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188 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Chapter 2: Capture and Processing |
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189 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Chapter 3: Compression |
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189 | (1) |
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7.1.4 Chapter 4: Transmission |
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190 | (1) |
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7.1.5 Chapter 5: Rendering and 3D Displays |
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190 | (1) |
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7.1.6 Chapter 6: Quality Assessment |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (6) |
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7.2.1 Understanding of Human 3D Perception |
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191 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Display Technologies |
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192 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Production Approaches and Technologies |
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193 | (2) |
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7.2.4 Compression Algorithms |
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195 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Looking Further Ahead |
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196 | (1) |
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Appendix A Test Video Sequences |
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197 | (3) |
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A.1 2D Video Test Sequences |
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197 | (1) |
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A.2 3D Test Video Sequences |
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198 | (2) |
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Appendix B Introduction to the Experiment and Questionnaire |
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200 | (5) |
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B.1 Introduction to the Experiment |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (2) |
| Index |
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205 | |