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E-raamat: African Special Economic Zones: Lessons and Investments from China

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811681059
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African Special Economic Zones: Lessons and Investments from ChinaSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811681059
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This book evaluates African Special Economic Zones from the perspective of learning from China’s experiences with such Zones and the impact of Chinese policy and investment on African Zones. Utilising case studies of perceived successful Special Economic Zones in China, the book proposes the Chinese Model of Special Economic Zones as an evaluation and benchmarking tool against which African Special Economic Zones are considered. Utilising several case studies on African Special Economic Zones, the book then details the competitiveness of African Special Economic Zones with a specific focus on attracting Chinese investors to these Zones. The economic, social and environmental impact of these zones are appraised. African Nations’ efforts, or lack thereof, to enable successful Special Economic Zones are critically analysed. Finally, Special Economic Zones in Africa are compared against the Chinese Model; and an African Model of Special Economic Zones is proposed. Recommendations are presented to both African Nations’ leadership and Chinese policymakers and investors as to how these Zones can be improved to enhance competitiveness and the attainment of the Zones’ sustainable development objectives.

Part I Context
1 Africa's Economies
3(32)
1.1 Africa: A Continent of Contrasts
3(7)
1.2 The African Tree of Organic Growth
10(4)
1.3 The State of African Economies and Economic Growth Prospects
14(2)
1.4 Global, Regional and National Efforts to Stimulate Sustainable Economic Development in Africa
16(10)
1.4.1 International and Regional Institutions for Development
16(6)
1.4.2 National Development Finance Institutions
22(4)
1.5 Foreign Direct Investment
26(1)
1.6 What Is Needed to Shift Africa Towards Sustainable Development?
27(5)
References
32(3)
2 China's Surge in Growth Facilitated by Special Economic Zones
35(26)
2.1 Special Economic Zones: A Key Development Policy Instrument
38(5)
2.2 Shenzhen Special Economic Zone
43(3)
2.3
Chapter I-The Initial Phase: 1978-1992
46(4)
2.4
Chapter II-Creating New Advantages, Making More Progress: 1992-2002
50(2)
2.5
Chapter III-Braving a New Way with Scientific Development Outlook: 2002-2012
52(2)
2.6 Zhuhai SEZ
54(3)
2.7 Shantou Special Economic Zone
57(2)
2.8 Conclusion
59(1)
References
60(1)
3 The Chinese Special Economic Zone Model and China of the Future
61(24)
3.1 The 'Pillars' of the Chinese Model of Special Economic Zones
62(1)
3.2 The 'Protocols' of the Chinese Model of Special Economic Zones
62(3)
3.3 The Chinese Model of Special Economic Zones
65(1)
3.4 Epilogue: The Future of Chinese Development
66(7)
3.5 Xiong'an New Area
73(4)
3.6 Belt and Road Initiative
77(3)
3.7 Conclusion
80(1)
References
80(5)
Part II The Emergence of Chinese Special Economic Zones in Africa
4 China in Africa
85(26)
4.1 China's Intricate Relationship with Africa
87(15)
4.1.1 Political and International Cooperation
89(1)
4.1.2 Development Assistance
89(1)
4.1.3 Humanitarian Support, Peacekeeping Efforts, Military Cooperation, and Law Enforcement
90(1)
4.1.4 Education and Training
91(1)
4.1.5 Science and Technology
91(1)
4.1.6 Health
92(1)
4.1.7 Environmental Issues
92(1)
4.1.8 Cultural and Other Exchanges
93(1)
4.1.9 Trade
93(2)
4.1.10 Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Africa
95(2)
4.1.11 Natural Resources for China and Infrastructure for Africa
97(2)
4.1.12 Chinese Loans, Debt-Traps and Debt Forgiveness
99(1)
4.1.13 China's Non-Intervention Policy and One-China Conditionality
100(1)
4.1.14 Facts and Fallacies About the Impact of China on Africa
101(1)
4.2 China's Economic Policy in Africa
102(6)
4.2.1 The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)
102(1)
4.2.2 FOCAC Economic Cooperation with a Specific Focus on Industrialisation and Special Economic Zones
103(1)
4.2.3 FOCAC: Other Strategic Areas of Cooperation
103(1)
4.2.4 BRICS Plus
103(5)
4.3 Conclusion
108(2)
References
110(1)
5 The Emergence of Chinese Interest in Special Economic Zones in Africa
111(26)
5.1 Special Economic Zones in Africa
111(6)
5.1.1 Investment
113(1)
5.1.2 Exports
113(2)
5.1.3 Employment
115(2)
5.2 Existing and Planned Special Economic Zones in Africa
117(1)
5.3 Chinese Special Economic Zones: Policy on Global Investment
117(9)
5.4 Chinese Special Economic Zones in Africa
126(4)
5.5 Conclusion
130(2)
References
132(5)
Part III Evaluating Special Economic Zones in Africa
6 Critical Issues for Chinese Investment in Special Economic Zones in Africa
137(38)
6.1 Financial Motivation
139(9)
6.1.1 Tax Incentives
140(3)
6.1.2 Duty Free Imports of Capital Equipment, Supplies and Raw Materials
143(2)
6.1.3 Subsidised Utilities and Rental Rates
145(1)
6.1.4 Financing and Preferential Interest Rates
146(2)
6.2 Ease of Business
148(1)
6.2.1 Ease of Business Initiatives
148(1)
6.2.2 Permits and Licenses
149(1)
6.2.3 Ability to Employ Foreign Nationals, Visas and Work Permits
149(1)
6.3 Special Economic Zone Management and Infrastructure
149(7)
6.3.1 Ownership and Management of Zones
151(2)
6.3.2 Suitable Zone Infrastructure
153(1)
6.3.3 In-house Customs Office
154(2)
6.4 Location and Market Opportunities
156(5)
6.4.1 Location Advantages and Disadvantages
156(3)
6.4.2 Domestic Market
159(2)
6.5 Human and Other Resources
161(2)
6.5.1 Labour Productivity and Labour Cost and Labour Legislation
161(2)
6.5.2 Access to Raw Material, Goods and Services, and Equipment
163(1)
6.6 Ownership and Profits
163(2)
6.6.1 No Restrictions on Foreign Ownership
164(1)
6.6.2 Currency, Profits and Repatriation of Profits
164(1)
6.7 Lifestyle
165(2)
6.8 African Preferential Trade Arrangements
167(2)
6.9 Chinese Policy Towards Africa
169(1)
6.10 Reflection on the Pillars and Protocols of the Chinese Model of Special Economic Zones
170(2)
References
172(3)
7 Labour: Obstacles and Opportunities
175(50)
7.1 The Scourge of Unemployment, Lack of Skills and Low Productivity in Africa
175(6)
7.1.1 Unemployment in Africa
176(1)
7.1.2 Skills Levels in Africa
177(4)
7.1.3 Wage Rates
181(1)
7.2 Economics 101: The Labour Market
181(3)
7.3 The Decision: Employ Chinese or African Labour?
184(2)
7.4 Perspectives on Labour in Africa by Chinese Investors in Special Economic Zones
186(4)
7.4.1 Wage Rates, Education and Skills, and Productivity
186(3)
7.4.2 Labour Legislation and Unions
189(1)
7.5 Case Study: South Africa's Labour Environment and Job Creation in Its Special Economic Zones
190(30)
7.5.1 South Africa: High Unemployment, Limited Skills, Low Productivity and High Inequality
191(6)
7.5.2 Policies and Institutions Supporting Industrialisation and Special Economic Zones
197(6)
7.5.3 Organised Labour and Politics-A Volatile Combination
203(5)
7.5.4 Labour Legislation
208(1)
7.5.5 Overview of Special Economic Zones in South Africa
209(4)
7.5.6 Evaluation of the South African Special Economic Zones Against the Pillars and Protocols of China's Model of Special Economic Zones
213(7)
References
220(5)
8 The Social and Environmental Impact of Special Economic Zones in Africa
225(36)
8.1 The Social Dimension of China in Africa
226(2)
8.2 Evidence from Special Economic Zones
228(4)
8.2.1 Enterprise Development
229(1)
8.2.2 Local Communities and Urbanisation
229(1)
8.2.3 Infrastructural Benefits
229(1)
8.2.4 Access to Services and Facilities
230(1)
8.2.5 Conflict with Local Communities
231(1)
8.3 The Chinese Diaspora in Africa, Chinese Migration and Integration in local Communities
232(3)
8.4 China's Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation
235(6)
8.4.1 Paris Agreement
236(1)
8.4.2 China's Policy Commitment to Mitigating Climate Change
237(2)
8.4.3 China's Water Scarcity and Water Pollution
239(2)
8.5 Is China Shifting Environmental Risks to Emerging Economies?
241(6)
8.5.1 China's Declarations Towards Environmental Support in Africa
242(3)
8.5.2 Chinese Special Economic Zones in Africa and the Environment
245(2)
8.6 Case Study: Ethiopia-An Environmental Perspective
247(9)
8.6.1 Ethiopia's Eastern Industrial Park
251(5)
8.7 Pillars and Protocols
256(1)
References
256(5)
9 African Governments' Enabling (or Constraining) Influence on Special Economic Zone Investment by the Chinese
261(32)
9.1 Political Leadership Commitment to Special Economic Zones
262(3)
9.1.1 Ethiopia
262(1)
9.1.2 Zambia
263(1)
9.1.3 Nigeria
264(1)
9.2 Political Stability, Security and Safety
265(1)
9.3 Government Policy
266(3)
9.3.1 Export Orientation
266(2)
9.3.2 Import Restrictions
268(1)
9.3.3 Currency Fluctuations
268(1)
9.3.4 Policy Uncertainty
268(1)
9.4 Corruption
269(2)
9.5 Infrastructure: Promises Made; Promises Broken
271(4)
9.5.1 Ethiopia
271(3)
9.5.2 Zambia
274(1)
9.5.3 Nigeria: Promises Broken
274(1)
9.6 Inadequate Service Delivery
275(6)
9.7 Ease of Business
281(3)
9.7.1 Bureaucracy
283(1)
9.7.2 Customs Office
283(1)
9.7.3 Port Efficiency and Corruption: A Case of Ogun-Guangdong Free Trade Zone
284(1)
9.8 Case Study: Government Commitment to Infrastructure of SE7c in South Africa
284(3)
9.9 Pillars and Protocols
287(3)
References
290(3)
Part IV The African Model of Special Economic Zones
10 Towards Impactful Special Economic Zones in Africa
293(34)
10.1 Rwanda's Kigali Special Economic Zone
294(8)
10.1.1 From Ashes to Rejuvenation
294(2)
10.1.2 Facilitating Investment Through a Business-Friendly Environment
296(1)
10.1.3 The Kigali Special Economic Zone
297(3)
10.1.4 Critical Success Factors of the Kigali Special Economic Zone-A Reflection of the Chinese Model of Special Economic Zones
300(2)
10.2 Mauritius: An Island of a Special Economic Zone
302(9)
10.2.1 Sailing Ahead in Economic Development
303(2)
10.2.2 Export Processing Zones
305(1)
10.2.3 The Jinfri Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone: Not Living up to Expectations
306(3)
10.2.4 Mauritius of the Future
309(1)
10.2.5 Key Learnings from Mauritius in Terms of the Pillars and Protocols of the Chinese Model of Special Economic Zones
309(2)
10.3 The Lessons and Investments from China for Africa
311(14)
10.3.1 Pillar 1: Leadership Support
312(1)
10.3.2 Pillar 2: Government Support
312(2)
10.3.3 Pillar 3: Government Policy
314(1)
10.3.4 Pillar 4: Location
314(2)
10.3.5 Pillar 5: People
316(1)
10.3.6 Pillar 6: Integration
317(1)
10.3.7 Pillar 7: Infrastructure
318(1)
10.3.8 Protocol 1: Phased Approach
318(1)
10.3.9 Protocol 2: Ease of Business
319(1)
10.3.10 Protocol 3: Preferential Policies
320(1)
10.3.11 Protocol 4: Innovation and Learning
320(1)
10.3.12 Protocol 5: Favourable Investment Climate
321(1)
10.3.13 Protocol 6: Modern Service Industry
321(1)
10.3.14 Protocol 7: Environmental Consideration
322(1)
10.3.15 Protocol 8: International Cooperation
323(1)
10.3.16 Protocol 9: Address Shortcomings
323(1)
10.3.17 Protocol 10: Social System
324(1)
10.3.18 Protocol 11 and 12: Export Orientation and Diversifies Industries
324(1)
10.4 The African Model of Special Economic Zones
325(2)
References
327(2)
Index 329
Bryan Robinson is a Research Associate and Senior Lecturer at Nelson Mandela University Business School, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
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