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  • Formaat: 336 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Sep-2013
  • Kirjastus: Earthscan Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781136571626

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A reliable, accessible and comprehensive guide for students of photovoltaic applications and renewable energy engineering. This thoroughly considered textbook from a group of leading influential and award-winning authors is brimming with information and is carefully designed to meet the needs of its readers. Along with exercises and references at the end of each chapter, the book features a set of detailed technical appendices that provide essential equations, data sources and standards. Starting from basics with 'The Characteristics of Sunlight' the reader is guided step-by-step through semiconductors and p-n junctions; the behaviour of solar cells; cell properties ad design; and PV cell interconnection and module fabrication. The book covers stand-alone photovoltaic systems; specific purpose photovoltaic systems; remote are power supply systems; and grid-connected photovoltaic systems. There is also a section on photovoltaic water pumping system components and design. Applied Photovolatics is well illustrated and readable with an abundance of diagrams and illustrations, and will provide the reader with all the information needed to start working with photovoltaics.

Arvustused

'Recommended reading for any course which deals with hands-on aspects of photovoltaic systems and applications. Earthscan should be applauded' Tom Markvart, University of Southampton

'An excellent introduction to the science, principles and practice of photovoltaic energy conversion.' Jenny Nelson, Professor of Physics, Imperial College, London, UK

'The leading research, teaching and engineering group has made another important contribution to photovoltaic education.' Allen Barnett, Senior Policy Fellow, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware, USA.

'This book will make an excellent reference for engineers and scientists involved in photovoltaics. The breadth of knowledge contained within and the detailed equations to support it, as well as being an easy reading style will enable people to get to the understanding of why PV systems are put together the way they are - well beyond rules of thumb.' Mike Dymond, Sowilo Engineering Pty Ltd for Solar Progress

'Recommended reading for any course which deals with hands-on aspects of photovoltaic systems and applications. Earthscan should be applauded.' Tom Markvart, University of Southampton

'This book focuses on the system aspects of photovoltaic (PV) applications and renewable energy engineering.' The Environmentalist

The Characteristics of Sunlight
3(28)
Particle-wave duality
3(1)
Blackbody radiation
4(1)
The sun and its radiation
5(1)
Solar radiation
6(2)
Direct and diffuse radiation
8(2)
The Greenhouse Effect
10(1)
Apparent motion of the sun
11(1)
Solar insolation data and estimation
12(13)
Extraterrestrial radiation
13(1)
Terrestrial global radiation on a horizontal surface
13(6)
Global and diffuse components
19(3)
Radiation on tilted surfaces
22(3)
Solar energy and photovoltaics
25(6)
Semiconductors and P-N Junctions
31(12)
Semiconductors
31(3)
The bond model
32(1)
The band model
33(1)
Doping
33(1)
Semiconductor types
34(2)
Crystalline silicon
34(1)
Multicrystalline silicon
34(1)
Amorphous silicon
35(1)
Thin film crystalline silicon
36(1)
Absorption of light
36(1)
Recombination
37(1)
p-n junctions
38(5)
The Behaviour of Solar Cells
43(14)
Effect of light
43(4)
Spectral response
47(2)
Effect of temperature
49(2)
Effect of parasitic resistances
51(6)
Cell Properties and Design
57(18)
Efficiencies
57(1)
Optical losses
58(4)
Recombination losses
62(1)
Top contact design
63(6)
Bulk and sheet resistivities
63(2)
Grid spacings
65(2)
Other losses
67(2)
Laboratory cells versus industry requirements
69(1)
The Laser Grooved, Buried Contact Solar Cell
70(5)
PV Cell Interconnection and Module Fabrication
75(22)
Module and circuit design
75(1)
Identical cells
75(1)
Non-identical cells
76(1)
Non-identical modules
76(3)
Hot-spot heating
79(4)
Module structure
83(1)
Environmental protection
84(1)
Thermal considerations
85(3)
Electrical insulation
88(1)
Mechanical protection
89(1)
Degradation and failure modes
89(3)
Embodied energy and life cycle issues
92(5)
Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System Components
97(28)
Introduction
97(2)
Stand-alone PV system design
99(1)
Solar modules
100(1)
Batteries
101(2)
Types
101(1)
Applications
101(1)
Requirements
102(1)
Efficiency
102(1)
Power rating and capacity
102(1)
Depth-of-discharge
103(1)
Lead-acid batteries
103(3)
Types
103(1)
Plate material
103(1)
Charging regimes
104(1)
Efficiencies
105(1)
Benchmarking and categorisation of similar use
105(1)
Other electrical charge storage methods
106(2)
Nickel-cadmium batteries
106(1)
Nickel-metal-hydride batteries
106(1)
Rechargeable alkaline manganese (RAM) batteries
107(1)
Lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries
107(1)
Redox-flow batteries
107(1)
Super capacitors
107(1)
Power conditioning and regulation
108(6)
Diodes
108(1)
Regulators
108(4)
Inverters
112(2)
Balance of system components
114(11)
Wiring
114(1)
Over-current protection
114(1)
Switches
115(1)
Connectors
115(1)
Earthing (grounding)
116(1)
Lightning protection
116(1)
Metering and alarms
116(1)
Battery housing and signage
116(1)
Housing of electronics
117(1)
Module mounting
117(8)
Designing Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems
125(10)
Introduction
125(1)
System availability
126(1)
Hybrid systems
127(1)
A simplified PV system design approach
128(2)
Sandia National Laboratory approach
130(1)
Australian Standard AS4509.2
131(1)
System design software
132(3)
Specific Purpose Photovoltaic Applications
135(26)
Introduction
135(1)
Space
135(1)
Marine navigational aids
136(1)
Telecommunications
136(4)
Transportable PV power supplies
137(1)
Radio telephone services
138(1)
Mobile phone networks
139(1)
Optical fibre networks
139(1)
Cathodic protection
140(4)
System sizing
140(1)
Controllers
141(1)
Power sources
141(3)
Water pumping
144(3)
Consumer products for indoor use
147(1)
Battery chargers
148(1)
Photovoltaics for developing countries
148(1)
Refrigeration
149(1)
Photovoltaic powered transport
150(1)
Solar cars
151(1)
Lighting
152(1)
Remote monitoring
153(1)
Direct-drive applications
154(1)
Electric fences
155(6)
Remote Area Power Supply Systems
161(20)
Household power systems
161(12)
The choice between AC and DC
163(1)
Appliances
163(4)
Consumer education
167(1)
Photovoltaic-diesel/petrol generator hybrid systems
167(1)
Diesel generators
168(2)
Petrol generators
170(1)
Hybrid system design
170(3)
RAPS system costs
173(1)
Portable RAPS systems
173(2)
Portable systems for remote aboriginal communities
173(1)
Integrated solar home systems
174(1)
Stationpower®
174(1)
Reliability and maintenance
175(1)
Government assistance schemes
175(6)
Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems
181(34)
Introduction
181(1)
PV systems in buildings
182(7)
Module mounting approaches
183(2)
The inverter
185(1)
On-site storage
186(2)
Size and economics
188(1)
Other issues
188(1)
Utility applications for photovoltaics
189(1)
Design issues for central power stations
190(3)
Cell interconnection
191(2)
Safety
193(2)
Islanding
194(1)
The value of PV-generated electricity
195(6)
Energy credit
195(2)
Capacity credit
197(1)
Distributed benefits
197(2)
Example 1---Distribution Feeder 1103, Kerman, California
199(2)
Example 2---Kalbarri, Western Australia
201(1)
International PV programs
201(14)
USA
201(3)
Japan
204(1)
Europe
204(2)
India
206(1)
China
206(1)
Australia
206(9)
Photovoltaic Water Pumping System Components
215(28)
Introduction
215(1)
System configurations
216(2)
Water pumps
218(8)
Centrifugal pumps
220(2)
Displacement or volumetric pumps
222(4)
Motors
226(6)
Introduction
226(2)
DC motors
228(3)
AC motors
231(1)
Motor losses
232(1)
Integrated pump/motor machines
232(1)
Power conditioning circuitry
232(4)
Batteries
236(2)
Array wiring and mounting
238(5)
Array wiring
238(1)
Array mounting
238(5)
PV Water Pumping System Design
243(6)
Introduction
243(1)
Basic steps in system design
244(1)
Design of a directly-coupled system
245(4)
Standard AMO and AM1.5 Spectra
249(6)
Equations For Calculating Sun Position
255(2)
Characteristic Days and Declinations
257(2)
Some Insolation Data Sources
259(6)
Ground-based measurements
259(1)
Satellite-derived data
260(1)
Australia and New Zealand
260(1)
Europe
261(1)
Hong Kong
261(1)
USA
261(1)
Algeria
262(1)
Brazil
262(1)
regression constants
262(1)
Theoretical models and calculators
263(1)
Global Gazetteer
263(2)
Standards
265(22)
Astm international
265(2)
Australia---Standards Australia
267(1)
Canada---Standards Council of Canada
268(1)
China---Standardization administration of china (SAC)
268(2)
European Committee For Electrotechnical Standardization (cenelec)
270(2)
Germany---Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN)
272(2)
Global Approval Program For Photovoltaics (PVGAP)
274(1)
Indonesia---badan Standardisesi Nasional (BSN)
274(1)
Institution Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
275(1)
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
276(1)
International Organization for Standards (ISO)
277(1)
Japan---Japanese Standards Association (JSA)
278(1)
Korea---Korean Standards Association (KSA)
279(2)
Mexico---Direccion General de Normas (DGN)
281(1)
Russia---Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
281(1)
Sweden---Standardiseringen i Sverige (SIS)
282(1)
Taiwan (ROC)---Bureau Of Standards, Metrology and Inspection (BSMI)
282(1)
Thailand---thai industrial standards institute (TISI)
282(1)
TU Rheinland
282(1)
Underwriters Laboratories (ul)
283(1)
Zimbabwe---Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ)
283(1)
Universal Technical Standard For Solar Home Systems
283(1)
Best Practice Guidelines And Accreditation
283(1)
International Solar Energy Society (ISES) and Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Sonnenenergie eV (DGS)
284(3)
Alternative Sources Of Power For Water Pumping
287(4)
Introduction
287(1)
Human labour using hand pumps
287(1)
Draught animals
288(1)
Petrol- or diesel-fuelled small engines
288(1)
Centralised rural electrification
288(1)
Wind Pumps
289(1)
Water wheels, turbines, ram pumps and current turbines
289(1)
Steam engines
289(1)
Biogas-fuelled small engines
289(1)
Solar radiation, used via photovoltaics
290(1)
Stand-alone Photovoltaic System Design
291(10)
Introduction
291(1)
Stand-alone system design procedure
291(2)
Sandia National Laboratory approach
293(8)
System Design For PV-powered Water Pumping
301(16)
Introduction
301(1)
Insolation data manipulation
301(3)
PV module characteristics
304(5)
Example of a directly-coupled system design
309(8)
Index
317


Stuart R. Wenham, Martin A. Green, Muriel E. Watt and Richard Corkish all teach at the University of New South Wales Centre for Photovoltaic Engineering, Australia.