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  • Formaat: 270 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Jan-2001
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309183154
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In this new book, a distinguished panel makes recommendations for the nation's programs in astronomy and astrophysics, including a number of new initiatives for observing the universe. With the goal of optimum value, the recommendations address the role of federal research agencies, allocation of funding, training for scientists, competition and collaboration among space facilities, and much more. The book identifies the most pressing science questions and explains how specific efforts, from the Next Generation Space Telescope to theoretical studies, will help reveal the answers. Discussions of how emerging information technologies can help scientists make sense of the wealth of data available are also included. Astronomy has significant impact on science in general as well as on public imagination. The committee discusses how to integrate astronomical discoveries into our education system and our national life. In preparing the New Millennium report, the AASC made use of a series of panel reports that address various aspects of ground- and space-based astronomy and astrophysics. These reports provide in-depth technical detail. Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millenium: An Overview summarizes the science goals and recommended initiatives in a short, richly illustrated, non-technical booklet.
Executive Summary 1(16)
Recommendations
17(34)
Introduction
18(3)
Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium
18(1)
Accomplishments of the 1990s
18(1)
The Legacy of the Previous Decadal Survey
19(2)
Approach and Scope
21(2)
Implementation of the Charge
21(1)
Purpose and Content of the Two Volumes
22(1)
Optimizing the Return on the Nation's Investment in Astronomy and Astrophysics
23(8)
Balancing New Initiatives with the Ongoing Program
24(2)
Strengthening Ground-Based Astronomy and Astrophysics
26(2)
Ensuring the Diversity of NASA Missions
28(1)
Integrating Theory Challenges with New Initiatives
28(1)
Coordinating Programs Among Federal Agencies
29(1)
Collaborating with International Partners
30(1)
New Investments in Astronomy and Astrophysics
31(16)
Proposed Priorities for Ground- and Space-Based Initiatives
31(5)
Explanation of New Initiatives
36(9)
Technology
45(2)
Astronomy's Role in Education
47(2)
Notes
49(2)
The Science Behind the Recommendations
51(44)
A Vision for Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Century
52(3)
The Formation and Evolution of Planets
55(8)
Stars and Stellar Evolution
63(10)
Star Formation
63(2)
The Sun
65(3)
Stellar Metamorphosis
68(5)
Galaxies
73(12)
Formation and Evolution of Galaxies
73(5)
Evolution of the Interstellar Medium in Galaxies
78(2)
Galactic Nuclei
80(5)
The Universe
85(10)
The Evolution of the Universe
86(2)
The Evolution of Structure in the Universe
88(3)
Composition of the Universe
91(4)
The New Initiatives: Building on the Current Program
95(42)
Introduction
96(1)
The Ultraviolet, Optical, and Infrared Windows onto the Universe
96(18)
Large Filled-Aperture Optical and Infrared Telescopes: NGST and GSMT
100(6)
Optical and Infrared Surveys: LSST
106(2)
The Telescope System Instrumentation Program---TSIP
108(1)
Far-Infrared Astronomy from Space: SAFIR
109(1)
Infrared Interferometry from Space: TPF
110(3)
Ultraviolet and Optical Astronomy from Space
113(1)
Solar Astronomy
114(3)
Ground-Based Solar Astronomy: AST and FASR
114(2)
Space-Based Solar Astronomy: SDO
116(1)
The High-Energy Universe
117(7)
High-Energy Photons: Con-X, GLAST, VERITAS, and EXIST
117(5)
Gravitational Radiation: LISA
122(1)
Particle Astrophysics
123(1)
The Radio Universe
124(8)
Centimeter-Wavelength Astronomy: EVLA, SKA, and ARISE
125(3)
Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Astronomy: CARMA and SPST
128(1)
The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
129(2)
The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
131(1)
The National Virtual Observatory and Other High-Leverage, Small Initiatives
132(5)
Benefits to the Nation From Astronomy
137(22)
Introduction
138(1)
The Role of Astronomy in Public Science Education
138(8)
The Relevance of Astronomy
139(1)
Conveying Astronomy to the Public
140(2)
Astronomy in Precollege Science Education
142(4)
The Practical Contributions of Astronomy to Society
146(8)
Antennas, Mirrors, and Telescopes
146(1)
Sensors, Detectors, and Amplifiers
147(3)
Spectrometers and Devices to Focus Radiation
150(1)
Image Reconstruction
151(1)
Precision Timing and Position Measurements
151(1)
Data Analysis and Numerical Computation
152(1)
Earth's Environment and Planetary Survival
153(1)
Connections Between Astronomy and Other Disciplines
154(4)
Interactions with Physics
154(2)
Astronomy and the Computational Sciences
156(1)
Potential Interactions with the Biological Sciences: Astrobiology
157(1)
Note
158(1)
The Role of Astronomy in Education
159(18)
Introduction
160(2)
Strategies to Achieve the Four Educational Goals
162(12)
Communicate Discoveries and Excitement of Science
162(3)
Expand Outreach to K-12 Students
165(2)
Improve Science Literacy for Undergraduates
167(3)
Contribute to a Technically Trained Work Force
170(3)
Prepare Professional Astronomers
173(1)
Existing Programs and Future Directions
174(3)
Policy for Astronomy and Astrophysics
177(32)
Introduction
178(1)
Policy Recommendations for the National Science Foundation: Ground-Based Facilities
179(11)
Recommended New Paradigm
181(1)
Roles and Responsibilities of National Astronomy Organizations and Independent Observatories
182(2)
New Procedures and Strategies
184(6)
National Science Foundation Grants in Astronomy and Astrophysics
190(3)
Policy Recommendations for NASA: Space-Based Astronomy
193(2)
Policy Recommendation for the Department of Energy: Astrophysical Research
195(1)
Environmental Impact on Astronomical Observations
196(1)
Issues of Professional Development
197(4)
Postdoctoral Training
198(1)
NASA's Long-Term Space Astrophysics Program
198(1)
Women in Astronomy
199(1)
Minority Scientists in Astronomy
200(1)
Role of Professional Societies
201(2)
Congressional Questions
203(3)
Notes
206(3)
References 209(4)
Appendix---Definitions 213(16)
Index 229
Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Space Studies Board, National Research Council