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The Hazardous Waste Perspective |
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1 | (36) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (32) |
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2 | (1) |
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Early Hazardous Waste Management |
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3 | (9) |
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``Take It Out Back and Dump It'' |
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12 | (1) |
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``Treatment'' and Other Assorted Techniques |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (3) |
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Early Efforts - What Worked/Didn't Work |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (6) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (4) |
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Topics for Review or Discussion |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (4) |
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Definition of Hazardous Waste |
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37 | (14) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (11) |
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38 | (1) |
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The Life Scientist/Health Professional |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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The Legislator/Lawyer/Administrator/Diplomat |
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40 | (1) |
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Implementing the RCRA Definition of ``Hazardous Waste'' |
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41 | (1) |
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Hazardous Waste Characteristics |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (2) |
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The ``Mixture'' and ``Derived-From'' Rules |
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46 | (1) |
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Hazardous Waste Identification Rule Development |
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46 | (2) |
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The ``Contained-In Policy'' |
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48 | (1) |
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Topics for Review or Discussion |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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Pathways, Fates, and Disposition of Hazardous Waste Releases |
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51 | (18) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (13) |
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Releases of Chemicals to the Environment |
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52 | (1) |
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Releases to the Atmosphere |
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52 | (2) |
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Releases to Surface Waters |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Movement, Fates, and Disposition |
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56 | (1) |
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Behavior of Waste Constituents Released to the Atmosphere |
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56 | (2) |
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Movement of Hazardous Waste Constituents in Surface Waters |
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58 | (1) |
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Pathways of Hazardous Waste Constituents Reaching Groundwater |
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58 | (4) |
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62 | (2) |
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Topics for Review or Discussion |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (3) |
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Toxicology and the Standard-Setting Processes |
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69 | (20) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (16) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (4) |
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74 | (1) |
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Risk Assessment and Standards |
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75 | (6) |
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81 | (2) |
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Regulatory Application of Health Standards and Criteria |
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83 | (1) |
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Technology-Based Standards |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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Standards Implementing the Land Disposal Restrictions |
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84 | (1) |
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Topics for Review or Discussion |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
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Hazardous Waste Sources/Generators |
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89 | (18) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (14) |
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90 | (1) |
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The Three Classifications of Generators |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (3) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (2) |
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Biennial Reporting Requirements |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Exports and Imports of Hazardous Wastes |
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102 | (1) |
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Generator Responsibilities for Restricted Waste Management |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Topics for Review or Discussion |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Appendix A: Examples of Hazardous Wastes Produced by Basic Industries |
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105 | (1) |
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Appendix B: DOT Eight-Step Procedure for Preparation of Hazardous Material Shipments |
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106 | (1) |
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Transportation of Hazardous Wastes |
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107 | (20) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (16) |
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Modes and Scope of Hazardous Waste Transportation |
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108 | (1) |
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Highway Shipment of Hazardous Wastes |
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109 | (1) |
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Railway Shipment of Hazardous Wastes |
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110 | (1) |
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Accidents/Incidents Involving Hazardous Waste Shipments |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (1) |
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Department of Transportation Regulations |
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114 | (1) |
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Transportation Incidents Involving Hazardous Wastes |
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115 | (1) |
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RCRA Regulations for Hazardous Waste Transporters |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Handling Hazardous Waste Discharges |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (5) |
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Topics for Review or Discussion |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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Treatment and Disposal Methods and Processes |
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127 | (70) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (65) |
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Administrative and Nontechnical Requirements |
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128 | (1) |
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Subpart A -- Facilities That Are Subject to the Regulations |
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129 | (1) |
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Subpart B -- General Facility Standards |
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129 | (3) |
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Subpart C -- Preparedness and Prevention |
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132 | (1) |
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Subpart D -- Contingency Plan and Emergency Procedures |
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133 | (2) |
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Subpart E -- Manifest System, Record Keeping, and Reporting |
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135 | (1) |
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General Technical Standards for Interim Status and Permitted Facilities |
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135 | (1) |
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Part 265, Subpart F -- Groundwater Monitoring |
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136 | (2) |
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Part 264, Subpart F -- Releases from Solid Waste Management Units |
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138 | (2) |
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Subpart G -- Closure, Post-Closure |
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140 | (1) |
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Subpart H -- Financial Requirements |
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141 | (1) |
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Hazardous Waste Treatment |
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142 | (4) |
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Activated Carbon Adsorption |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (3) |
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Stabilization and Solidification |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Subpart Q -- Chemical, Physical, and Biological Treatment |
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156 | (2) |
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Destruction of Hazardous Wastes by Thermal Processes |
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158 | (4) |
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Subpart O -- Hazardous Waste Incinerators |
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162 | (3) |
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Subpart P -- Thermal Treatment of Hazardous waste |
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165 | (1) |
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Accumulation and Storage of Hazardous Waste |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (4) |
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Subpart DD -- Storage in Containment Buildings |
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173 | (1) |
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Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (3) |
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179 | (1) |
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Subpart K -- Surface Impoundments |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Subpart M -- Land Treatment |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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Subpart R -- Underground Injection |
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187 | (1) |
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Other Treatment and Disposal Methods |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Land Disposal Restrictions |
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189 | (3) |
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Topics for Review or Discussion |
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192 | (1) |
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Appendix A: MACT Emission Standards for Hazardous Waste Combustion Units |
|
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (3) |
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Pollution Prevention, Waste Minimization, Reuse, and Recycling |
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197 | (26) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (20) |
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Hazardous Waste Minimization Techniques |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (4) |
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Hazardous Waste Recycling |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (1) |
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Multi-Conceptual Approaches |
|
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210 | (1) |
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The RCRA Hazardous Waste Minimization Program |
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
RCRA Regulation of Recycling |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
EPA Implementation of The Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990 |
|
|
213 | (4) |
|
Topics for Review or Discussion |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Appendix A: State Agency P2 Linkages and Resources |
|
|
218 | (2) |
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Appendix B: P2 Information, Concepts, and Linkages |
|
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (2) |
|
RCRA Permits, Compliance, and Enforcement |
|
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223 | (18) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (16) |
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Permits to Treat, Store, or Dispose of Hazardous Waste |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (3) |
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The ``Permit As a Shield'' |
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228 | (1) |
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Closure Plans and Post-Closure Permits |
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|
228 | (1) |
|
RCRA Permits As a ``Virtual Elimination'' Tool |
|
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229 | (1) |
|
The Corrective Action Process |
|
|
229 | (2) |
|
Remediation Waste Management Units |
|
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231 | (1) |
|
Compliance Requirements of RCRA |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
|
Enforcement of RCRA Regulations |
|
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236 | (1) |
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Informal Administrative Actions |
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236 | (1) |
|
Formal Administrative Orders |
|
|
237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
|
Topics for Review or Discussion |
|
|
239 | (1) |
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|
|
239 | (2) |
|
Assessment Techniques for Site Remediation |
|
|
241 | (30) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (23) |
|
Identifying Problem Sites and Obtaining Background Information |
|
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
|
Site Assessment Procedures in the Private Sector |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
|
Standardized Environmental Site Assessments |
|
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
|
Environmental Management Systems |
|
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249 | (1) |
|
Compliance Inspections/Investigations by Regulatory Agencies |
|
|
249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
|
Conduct of the Inspection/Investigation |
|
|
251 | (10) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
|
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study |
|
|
262 | (1) |
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|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Negotiations, Enforcement |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Topics for Review or Discussion |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
Appendix A: ASTM Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process (Appendix x2) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
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|
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267 | (4) |
|
Site Remedial Technologies, Practices, and Regulations |
|
|
271 | (38) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (31) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
|
On-Site Remedial Techniques |
|
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (9) |
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286 | (6) |
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292 | (1) |
|
Off-Site Technologies and Practices |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (3) |
|
Mechanical and Hydraulic Dredging |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
RCRA and Superfund Remedial Actions |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Superfund Remedial Actions |
|
|
299 | (2) |
|
Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Initiative and Environmental Justice |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Topics for Review or Discussion |
|
|
302 | (1) |
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|
|
303 | (5) |
|
Appendix A: Typical Plants Used in Various Phytoremediation Applications |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Medical/Biomedical/Infectious Waste Management |
|
|
309 | (26) |
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|
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309 | (1) |
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|
|
309 | (22) |
|
Definition and Characterization of Medical Waste |
|
|
312 | (1) |
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|
312 | (1) |
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|
312 | (2) |
|
Infectious Waste Management |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Designation of Infectious Waste |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Segregation of Infectious Waste |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Packaging of Infectious Waste |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Storage of Infectious Waste |
|
|
316 | (3) |
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Transport of Infectious Waste |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Infectious Waste |
|
|
320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (2) |
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|
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323 | (3) |
|
Emerging Treatment Technologies |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Disposal of Treated Waste |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
Regulatory and Advisory Considerations |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Topics for Review or Discussion |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
Appendix A: Bloodborne Pathogens Final Standard: Summary of Key Provisions |
|
|
332 | (2) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
Radioactive Waste Management |
|
|
335 | (40) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
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|
|
335 | (32) |
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
The Nature, Effects, and Measurement of Radioactivity |
|
|
338 | (1) |
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|
338 | (1) |
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|
339 | (3) |
|
Measurement of Radioactivity |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Human Health Effects of Exposure to Radiation |
|
|
343 | (1) |
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|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Permissible Dose Concepts and Applications |
|
|
344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
|
Pathways of Dispersion and Human Exposure |
|
|
345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
|
Radiological Monitoring Programs |
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|
346 | (4) |
|
|
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350 | (1) |
|
Historical Development of Policies and Statutes |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Statutory and Regulatory Framework |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Department of Energy Management of Cleanup Programs |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
High-Level Radioactive Waste Management |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
HLW Defined and Described |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
HLW Treatment and Disposal |
|
|
352 | (5) |
|
Transuranic Waste Management |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
TRU Defined and Described |
|
|
357 | (1) |
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|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Low-Level Waste Management |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
LLW Defined and Classified |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Treatment and Disposal of LLW |
|
|
359 | (5) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Mixed Waste Defined and Described |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Uranium Mine and Mill Tailings Management |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Tailings Defined, Described, and Characterized |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Topics for Review or Discussion |
|
|
367 | (2) |
|
Appendix A: Commercial and Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Options |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
|
|
371 | (4) |
|
Underground Storage Tank Management |
|
|
375 | (20) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
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|
|
375 | (17) |
|
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks -- Problems and Causes |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
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|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Compatibility of UST and Contents |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Mobility of Leaked Hydrocarbon Fuels |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
Protection of Tanks and Piping from Corrosion |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Protection by Sacrificial Anode |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Protection by Impressed Current |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Protection by Cladding or Dielectric Coating |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Detection of Leaks from Underground Storage Tank Systems |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Detection of Leaks in Pressurized Underground Piping |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Detection of Leaks in Underground Suction Piping |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
RCRA Subtitle I Regulations and Requirements |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Requirements for New Petroleum UST Systems |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Requirements for Existing UST Systems |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Corrective Action Requirements |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Financial Responsibility Requirements |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Closure of Underground Storage Tank Facilities |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Exceptions to Permanent Closure |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Compliance Status As of September 30, 1999 |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Topics for Review or Discussion |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
393 | (2) |
|
Hazardous Waste Worker Health and Safety |
|
|
395 | (32) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
395 | (24) |
|
Hazards Encountered on Hazardous Waste Sites |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Standards Applicable to Clean-up Sites |
|
|
404 | (7) |
|
Standards Applicable to Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Sites |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Standards Applicable to Emergency Response Teams |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Other Important Topics and Compliance Issues |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Respirator Selection Criteria |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Applicable Air Contaminant Standards |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Chemical Hazard Communication |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Appendix A: OSHA Workplace Standards That May Apply to Hazardous Waste Sites |
|
|
419 | (6) |
|
|
|
425 | (2) |
| Glossary |
|
427 | (24) |
| Index |
|
451 | |