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E-raamat: Biotechnology in Space

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This book summarizes the early successes, drawbacks and accomplishments in cell biology and cell biotechnology achieved by the latest projects performed on the International Space Station ISS. It also depicts outcomes of experiments in tissue engineering,  cancer research and drug design and reveals the chances that research in Space offers for medical application on Earth.

This SpringerBriefs volume provides an overview on the latest international activities in Space and gives an outlook on the potential of biotechnological research in Space in future.

This volume is written for  students and researchers in Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Pharmacology and may specifically be of interest to scientists with focus on protein sciences, crystallization, tissue engineering, drug design and cancer research.

1 Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Microgravity 1(10)
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Programmatic Background and Early Research Topics
3(6)
1.2.1 Free-Flow Electrophoresis
4(1)
1.2.2 Electro Cell Fusion
5(1)
1.2.3 Protein Crystallization in Space
6(2)
1.2.4 Cell Biology in Space
8(1)
1.3 Perspectives
9(1)
References
10(1)
2 Protein Crystallization in Space: Early Successes and Drawbacks in the German Space Life Sciences Program 11(16)
2.1 Introduction: Nobel Prize for Clarification of Ribosome Structure
11(2)
2.2 Some Thoughts on the Theoretical and Methodological Background
13(6)
2.3 Early Successes of Structure Elucidation as Obtained in the German Space Life Sciences Program
19(4)
2.3.1 The Structure and Function of Photo System I
19(1)
2.3.2 The Crystallization of Archaea Surface Proteins
20(1)
2.3.3 Bacteriorhodopsin: A Promising Compound for Biotechnological Applications
20(1)
2.3.4 Mistletoe Lectin as an Agent in Immune Stimulation and Cancer Treatment
21(2)
2.3.5 Mirror-Image RNA Molecules
23(1)
2.4 Perspectives for Protein Crystallization in Space
23(1)
References
24(3)
3 Protein Crystallization on the International Space Station ISS 27(14)
3.1 Hardware Constructed and Adapted to ISS Crystallization Experiments
27(5)
3.2 Long Term Crystallization Experiments: Results, Advantages and Considerations
32(4)
References
36(5)
4 Drug Design 41(18)
4.1 Protein Crystallography and Drug Discovery
41(1)
4.2 Impact of Microgravity Crystallization on Structure Determination and Drug Design
42(12)
References
54(5)
5 Cell Biology in Space 59(14)
5.1 Introduction
59(1)
5.2 Human Adult Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells
60(1)
5.3 Lymphocytes Cultured Under Conditions of Microgravity
61(2)
5.4 Vascular Cells in Space
63(1)
5.5 Chondrocytes and Bone Cells
64(2)
5.6 Cancer Cells Cultured in Microgravity
66(2)
5.7 Hypothesis on How Gravity Is Perceived by Human Cells: The Tensegrity Model-How Unspecialized Human Cells Might Sense Gravity
68(1)
References
69(4)
6 Tissue Engineering in Microgravity 73(14)
6.1 Introduction
73(2)
6.2 Tissue Engineering in Simulated Microgravity
75(4)
6.2.1 Cartilage
75(1)
6.2.2 Thyroid Cancer Spheroids
76(1)
6.2.3 Bone
77(1)
6.2.4 Endothelium
78(1)
6.3 Tissue Engineering in Real Microgravity
79(2)
6.3.1 Cartilage
80(1)
6.3.2 Thyroid Cancer Spheroids
80(1)
References
81(6)
7 Cancer Research in Space 87(20)
7.1 Introduction
87(1)
7.2 Contribution of Space Research to Cancer Research
88(3)
7.3 Studies on Thyroid Cancer
91(4)
7.3.1 The Cytoskeleton May Act as a "Gravisensor"
93(1)
7.3.2 The FTC-133 Cell Line Is More Suitable for Space Experiments
93(1)
7.3.3 The First Space Flight of Thyroid Cancer Cells: r-mug vs. s-mug
94(1)
7.3.4 Alteration of the Extracellular Matrix
94(1)
7.3.5 Changes in Cell Signaling
95(1)
7.4 Studies on Breast Cancer
95(4)
7.4.1 Microgravity Triggers Rearrangement of the Cytoskeleton
97(1)
7.4.2 Formation of MCSs
97(1)
7.4.3 Effects of mug on the Extracellular Matrix
98(1)
7.4.4 Tumoroids and Histoids: Heterogeneous Breast Tumor Models
99(1)
7.5 Studies on Skin Cancer: Malignant Melanoma
99(1)
References
100(7)
8 Outlook: Future Potential of Biotechnology Research in Space 107
8.1 Perspectives for Protein Crystallization in Space
107(1)
8.2 Perspectives for Cell Biology Research in Space
108
Prof. Dr. Guenter Ruyters  (Prof. Emeritus) was Head of German Space Life Sciences Program,

German Aerospace Center (DLR), Space Management Bonn, Germany and is at present still working occasionally for the DLR.
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