Contributors |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Introduction |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
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1 | (22) |
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1.1 Introduction to Patient Communication |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (4) |
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1.4 Presenting Examination Results to a Patient |
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9 | (2) |
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1.5 Verbal Presentation of Your Patient to a Colleague, Preceptor, or Attending Supervisor |
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11 | (2) |
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1.6 Writing an Assessment and Plan |
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13 | (3) |
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1.7 Writing a Consultancy, Communication, or Referral Letter |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (1) |
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1.9 Writing a Prescription for Medication |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (38) |
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2.1 Introduction to the Entrance Tests |
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23 | (3) |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (1) |
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2.4 Visual Acuity: Minimum Legible |
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29 | (4) |
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2.5 Visual Acuity: Minimum Legible Using a LogMAR Chart |
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33 | (5) |
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2.6 Visual Acuity: Minimum Legible Using the Massachusetts VA Test |
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38 | (3) |
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2.7 Pinhole Visual Acuity |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (4) |
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48 | (2) |
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2.11 Near Point of Convergence (NPC) |
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50 | (1) |
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2.12 Hirschberg Test and KrimskyTest |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (2) |
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2.14 Extraocular Motilities (EOMs) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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2.16 Finger Counting Visual Fields |
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58 | (2) |
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2.17 Summary of Expected Findings |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (42) |
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3.1 Introduction to Refraction |
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61 | (2) |
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3.2 Interpupillary Distance (PD) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (4) |
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3.4 Introduction to the Manual Phoropter |
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69 | (4) |
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73 | (5) |
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3.6 Routine Distance Subjective Refraction With the Manual Phoropter |
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78 | (7) |
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3.7 Use of the Trial Frame to Modify a Prescription |
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85 | (2) |
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3.8 Clock Chart (Sunburst Dial) |
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87 | (1) |
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3.9 Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC) Check Test for Uncorrected Astigmatism |
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88 | (1) |
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3.10 Ocular Dominance Testing |
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89 | (1) |
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3.11 Trial Frame Refraction |
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90 | (4) |
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3.12 Cycloplegic Refraction |
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94 | (1) |
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3.13 Delayed Subjective Refraction |
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95 | (1) |
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3.14 Determining the Add for a Presbyope |
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96 | (2) |
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3.15 Writing a Spectacle Prescription |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (4) |
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103 | (46) |
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4.1 Introduction to the Functional Tests |
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103 | (2) |
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4.2 Distance Lateral and Vertical Deviations by von Graefe (VG) Technique |
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105 | (3) |
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4.3 Near Lateral and Vertical Deviations by von Graefe (VG) Technique |
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108 | (2) |
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4.4 Distance Horizontal Step and Smooth Vergences |
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110 | (5) |
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4.5 Distance Vertical Step and Smooth Vergences |
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115 | (3) |
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4.6 Near Horizontal Step and Smooth Vergences |
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118 | (2) |
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4.7 Near Vertical Step and Smooth Vergences |
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120 | (2) |
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4.8 Amplitude of Accommodation (Amps) |
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122 | (1) |
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4.9 Fused Cross Cylinder (FCC) |
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123 | (3) |
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4.10 Negative Relative Accommodation/Positive Relative Accommodation (NRA/PRA) |
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126 | (1) |
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4.11 Binocular Accommodative Facility (BAF) & Monocular Accommodative Facility (MAF) |
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127 | (3) |
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4.12 Dynamic Retinoscopy: Monocular Estimation Method (MEM) |
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130 | (2) |
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4.13 Modified Thorington (MT) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (2) |
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4.15 Gradient Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation (AC/A) Ratio |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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4.17 Worth Four Dot (W4D) |
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139 | (2) |
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4.18 Four Prism Diopter Base Out Test (4A BO Test) |
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141 | (3) |
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4.19 Pursuits and Saccades |
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144 | (5) |
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5 Ocular Health Assessment |
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149 | (66) |
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5.1 Introduction to Ocular Health Assessment |
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150 | (3) |
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5.2 Biomicroscopy (Slit Lamp) |
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153 | (7) |
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5.3 Examination of the Anterior Chamber |
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160 | (1) |
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5.4 Specular Reflection Technique |
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161 | (2) |
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5.5 Sclerotic Scatter Technique |
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163 | (1) |
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5.6 Eversion of the Upper Eyelid |
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164 | (1) |
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5.7 Instillation of Drops |
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165 | (2) |
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5.8 Corneal or Conjunctival Staining |
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167 | (2) |
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5.9 Tear Breakup Time (TBUT) |
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169 | (1) |
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5.10 Schirmer Tests: Schirmer #1 Test and Basic Lacrimation Test |
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170 | (2) |
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5.11 Phenol Red Thread Test (Cotton Thread Test) |
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172 | (1) |
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5.12 Fluorescein Clearance Test (or "Fluorescein Dye Disappearance Test") |
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173 | (2) |
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5.13 Jones #1 (Primary Dye) Test |
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175 | (1) |
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5.14 Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT) |
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176 | (5) |
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5.15 Noncontact Tonometry (NCT) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (6) |
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5.19 Direct Ophthalmoscopy |
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190 | (2) |
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5.20 Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (BIO) |
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192 | (4) |
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196 | (2) |
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5.22 Fundus Biomicroscopy |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (5) |
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207 | (1) |
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5.26 Photostress Recovery Time Test |
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208 | (1) |
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5.27 Red Desatu ration Test |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (5) |
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215 | (50) |
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6.1 Introduction to the Contact Lens Examination |
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216 | (1) |
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6.2 Contact Lens Case History |
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217 | (2) |
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6.3 External Examination of a Contact Lens Patient |
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219 | (3) |
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6.4 Inspection and Verification of Soft Contact Lenses |
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222 | (2) |
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6.5 Application (Insertion) and Removal of Soft Contact Lenses |
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224 | (3) |
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6.6 Fit Assessment of Soft Contact Lenses |
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227 | (4) |
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6.7 Phoropter-Based Over-Refraction of Spherical or Toric Contact Lenses |
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231 | (1) |
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6.8 Loose Lens Over-Refraction of Spherical or Toric Contact Lenses |
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232 | (1) |
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6.9 Evaluation of the Multifocal Contact Lens Patient |
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233 | (1) |
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6.10 Loose Lens Over-Refraction of Multifocal Contact Lenses |
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234 | (2) |
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6.11 Evaluation of the Monovision Patient |
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236 | (1) |
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6.12 Inspection and Verification of Corneal and Scleral Gas Permeable Contact Lenses |
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237 | (5) |
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6.13 Base Curve (BC) Radius Measurement |
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242 | (2) |
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6.14 Back Vertex Power and Optical Quality |
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244 | (1) |
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6.15 Application (Insertion), Removal, and Recentering of Corneal Gas Permeable Contact Lenses |
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245 | (4) |
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6.16 Fit Assessment of Corneal Gas Permeable Contact Lenses |
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249 | (5) |
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6.17 Fit and Assessment of Orthokeratology Lenses |
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254 | (2) |
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6.18 Application (Insertion) and Removal of Scleral Contact Lenses |
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256 | (3) |
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6.19 Fit Assessment of Scleral Contact Lenses |
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259 | (2) |
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6.20 Writing a Contact Lens Prescription |
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261 | (4) |
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7 Systemic Health Screening |
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265 | (12) |
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7.1 Introduction to Systemic Health Screening |
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265 | (1) |
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7.2 Blood Pressure Evaluation (Sphygmomanometry) |
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266 | (4) |
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7.3 Carotid Artery Evaluation |
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270 | (3) |
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7.4 Lymph Node Evaluation |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (2) |
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8 Cranial Nerve Screening |
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277 | (16) |
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8.1 Introduction to Cranial Nerve Screening |
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277 | (1) |
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8.2 Lid and Ptosis Measurements |
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278 | (2) |
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8.3 Levator Function Test |
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280 | (1) |
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8.4 Near (Accommodative) Pupil Testing |
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281 | (1) |
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8.5 Pharmacological Pupil Testing |
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281 | (2) |
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8.6 Park's Three-Step Method for a Paretic Vertical Muscle |
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283 | (2) |
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8.7 Red Lens Test for a Paretic Horizontal Muscle |
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285 | (1) |
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8.8 Trigeminal Nerve Function Test |
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286 | (2) |
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8.9 Facial Nerve Function Test |
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288 | (1) |
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8.10 Screening Tests for CN I, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII |
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289 | (4) |
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293 | (20) |
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9.1 Introduction to Ocular Imaging |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (2) |
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296 | (4) |
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9.4 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) |
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300 | (3) |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (4) |
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9.7 Automated Visual Field |
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309 | (4) |
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10 Advanced Ocular Procedures |
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313 | (36) |
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10.1 Introduction to Advanced Ocular Procedures |
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313 | (1) |
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10.2 Punctal Plug Insertion (Temporary Short Duration Intracanalicular Collagen Implant) |
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314 | (4) |
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10.3 Dilation and Irrigation |
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318 | (3) |
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10.4 Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) |
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321 | (5) |
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326 | (2) |
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10.6 Foreign Body (FB) Removal |
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328 | (4) |
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332 | (3) |
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10.8 Suturing, Excision, and Biopsy |
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335 | (5) |
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10.9 Anterior Segment Lasers |
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340 | (9) |
References |
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349 | (26) |
Index |
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375 | |