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SECTION 1 General Aspects of Combinatorial Materials Science |
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Combinatorial Materials and Catalysts Development: Where Are We and How Far Can We Go? |
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3 | (14) |
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3 | (3) |
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Combinatorial Materials Science (Where Are We?) |
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6 | (5) |
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Scale-Up of Combinatorial Leads |
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11 | (1) |
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Remaining Challenges (How Far Can We Go?) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (5) |
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13 | (4) |
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Expanding the Scope of Combinatorial Synthesis of Inorganic Solids: Application of the Split & Pool Principle for the Screening of Functional Materials |
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17 | (30) |
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18 | (1) |
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Combinatorial Synthesis of Organic Compounds |
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18 | (6) |
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Pitfalls and Challenges in Organic Combinatorial Synthesis |
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24 | (2) |
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Methods for Monomer Linkage |
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24 | (1) |
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Different Types of Linkers |
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25 | (1) |
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Monitoring the Progress of a Reaction and Identifying the Products |
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25 | (1) |
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High-Throughput Synthesis of Inorganic Compounds |
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26 | (4) |
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Approaches Used in the Generation of Organic Compounds |
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26 | (2) |
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The Transition to Inorganic Materials |
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28 | (1) |
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Alternative Approaches: Substrate-Free Synthetic Concepts |
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29 | (1) |
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Applying CombiChem to Inorganic Materials: The Split&Pool Principle |
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30 | (1) |
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Mathematical Background for Split&Pool Synthesis |
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31 | (5) |
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31 | (2) |
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Challenges of Inorganic Split&Pool Synthesis |
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33 | (3) |
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Beyond Theoretical Considerations: Application Examples of the Combinatorial Synthesis of Functional Inorganic Materials via the Split&Pool Methodology |
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36 | (5) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (6) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (5) |
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Informatics-Based Optimization of Crystallographic Descriptors for Framework Structures |
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47 | (14) |
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47 | (1) |
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Wigner--Seitz Cells and Zeolite Classification Schemes |
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47 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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Current Zeolite Classification Schemes |
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48 | (1) |
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Crystallographic Enumeration Schemes |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Wigner--Seitz Cell-Based Secondary Descriptors |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (7) |
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Conclusions and Future Work |
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57 | (4) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (3) |
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Combinatorial Study of New Glasses |
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61 | (24) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (6) |
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Prediction of Glass-Forming Compositions |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Automatic Batch Preparation Apparatus |
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63 | (1) |
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Multisample Glass-Melting Furnace |
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64 | (1) |
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Multisample Glass-Forming Tester |
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65 | (3) |
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Automatic Glass-Forming Detector |
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68 | (1) |
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New Glasses Discovered through a Combinatorial Method |
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68 | (12) |
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Reddish-Colored Glass: The P2O5-TeO2-ZnO System |
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68 | (3) |
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Low-Melting and Lead-Free Glass: The B2O3-TeO2-BaF2/BaO System |
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71 | (4) |
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Host Glass for Divalent Rare Earth: The Na2O-B2O3-SiO2:Sm2C System |
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75 | (4) |
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Fluorescent Glass: The WO3-P2O5-ZnO System |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (5) |
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82 | (3) |
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A Combinatorial Method for Optimization of Materials for Gas-Sensitive Field-Effect Devices |
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85 | (14) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (3) |
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Gas-Sensitive Devices with Continuously Varying Properties in Two Dimensions |
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87 | (1) |
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Readout of the Gas Response with Lateral Resolution |
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88 | (2) |
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The Combinatorial Method Applied to Double Layers of Rh + Pd and Pt + Pd as Gas-Sensitive Layers |
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90 | (4) |
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Concluding Remarks and Perspective |
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94 | (5) |
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95 | (4) |
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SECTION 2 Catalysis: Development and Discovery |
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Use of Combinatorial Heat Treatments to Accelerate the Commercialization of Materials for Use in Catalysis |
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99 | (16) |
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99 | (1) |
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Catalyst Preparation Module |
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100 | (1) |
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Heat Treatments: An Overview |
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100 | (4) |
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Heat Treatment of Molecular Sieves for Acid Catalysts |
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101 | (1) |
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Heat Treatment of Alumina-Based Materials |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Using Heat Treatments for Follow-Up Studies |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Examples of Using Parallel Heat Treatments to Solve Commercially Relevant Problems |
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105 | (6) |
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Case Study I: Finding the Optimum Finishing Temperature for a Prototype Catalyst Material |
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105 | (2) |
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Case Study II: Evaluation of 37 New Acidic Materials for Application |
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107 | (3) |
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Case Study III: Evaluation of Synthesis Methods to Find a More Stable Zeolite |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (4) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (3) |
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Infrared Thermography and High-Throughput Activity Techniques for Catalyst Evaluation for Hydrogen Generation from Methanol |
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115 | (14) |
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115 | (4) |
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Experimental Method and Procedure |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Catalyst Preparation and Reaction |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (4) |
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Model of the Ideal Catalyst |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (5) |
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125 | (4) |
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New Catalysts for the Carbonylation of Phenol: Discovery Using High-Throughput Screening and Leads Scale-Up |
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129 | (20) |
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Donald W. Whisenhunt, Jr. |
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130 | (3) |
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Diphenylcarbonate (DPC) and the Search for a One-Step Process |
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130 | (3) |
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High-Throughput Catalysis Development |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (3) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (10) |
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Variability in Small-Vial Reactions |
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136 | (1) |
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Correlation with Batch-Scale Reactions |
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137 | (1) |
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Identification of New Co-Catalysts |
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137 | (1) |
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Optimization of the Pb/Ti System |
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138 | (1) |
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Addition of Base and Variation Process Parameters |
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139 | (1) |
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Optimization of the Pb/Ti/Base System Batch Scale |
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139 | (3) |
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Bench-Top Unit Performance of Top Systems |
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142 | (2) |
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Mechanism of DPC Formation |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (3) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (3) |
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Catalyst Preparation for Parallel Testing in Heterogeneous Catalysis |
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149 | (24) |
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149 | (1) |
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Catalyst Preparation for Primary Screening (Discovery Stage) |
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150 | (7) |
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Thin-Film Deposition-Based Catalyst Preparation Methods for Heterogeneous Catalysis |
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150 | (1) |
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Solution-Based Catalyst Preparation Methods for Heterogeneous Catalysis |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (1) |
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Precipitation and Co-Precipitation |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolites |
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156 | (1) |
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Multinary Oxides by Using Activated Carbon as an Exotemplate |
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157 | (1) |
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Catalyst Preparation for Catalytically Coated Reactors |
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157 | (5) |
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Catalyst Preparation in Monolith Structures |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (3) |
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Preparation Techniques for Secondary Screening (Optimization Stage) |
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162 | (6) |
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162 | (2) |
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Reactors for Liquid Phase/Multiphase Reactions |
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164 | (4) |
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168 | (5) |
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168 | (5) |
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Tailoring Heterogeneous Catalysts for Pollutant Combustion with High-throughput Methods |
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173 | (22) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (3) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Synthesis of Mixed Metal Oxides Applied for the Conventional Experiments |
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177 | (1) |
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High-Throughput Screening |
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177 | (1) |
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Experiments in the Plug-Flow Reactor |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Sequential Combustion of Benzene-, DMEA and DMDS |
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179 | (1) |
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Simultaneous Combustion of DMEA and DMDS |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (11) |
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High-Throughput Screening |
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179 | (1) |
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Dimethylethyl Amine (DMEA) |
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180 | (4) |
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184 | (1) |
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Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS) |
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185 | (1) |
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Conventional Confirmation of Catalytic Activity |
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186 | (1) |
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Dimethylethyl Amine (DMEA) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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Sequential and Simultaneous Combustion of DMEA, DMDS, and Benzene |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (5) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (4) |
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SECTION 3 Development of Functional Polymers |
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One-Dimensional Polymeric Formulated Materials Arrays: Fabrication, High-Throughput Performance Testing, and Applications |
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195 | (26) |
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195 | (1) |
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Concept of Integrated Microextrusion and High-Throughput Performance Testing of One-Dimensional Polymeric Materials |
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196 | (3) |
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Experimental Methodologies |
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199 | (2) |
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Combinatorial Microextruder System |
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199 | (1) |
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High-Throughput Fluorescence Analysis |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (16) |
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Fluorescence as HT Detection Method of Process Degradation of Polymers |
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201 | (3) |
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204 | (4) |
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Analysis of Coiled One-Dimensional Arrays |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (5) |
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217 | (4) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (4) |
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A Combinatorial Approach to Rapid Structure Property Screening of UV-Curable Cycloaliphatic Epoxies |
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221 | (18) |
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Christine M. Gallagher-Lein |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (3) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (12) |
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Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) |
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226 | (1) |
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Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) |
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226 | (6) |
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Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) |
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232 | (2) |
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Contact Angle and Surface Energy (Interfacial Tension) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
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Combinatorial Synthesis and Screening of Photochromic Dyes and Modified Conducting Polymers |
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239 | (20) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (9) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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High-Throughput Screening (HTS) of Photochromic Dyes |
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242 | (1) |
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Modified Conducting Polymers |
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243 | (2) |
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Combinatorial Synthesis of Diazonium Ions |
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245 | (1) |
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Solubility of Conducting Polymers |
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245 | (3) |
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Measurement of Polymer Conductivity |
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248 | (1) |
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Structure--Property Relationships in the Polymer Library |
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248 | (1) |
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Photochromic Conducting Polymers |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (8) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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Conductivity Measurements |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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UV -- Visible Absorption Spectroscopy |
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252 | (1) |
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UV -- Visible Emission (Fluorescence) Spectroscopy |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (7) |
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SECTION 4 Energy-Related Materials Development |
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High-Throughput Screening for Fuel Cell Technology |
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259 | (20) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (4) |
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Electrochemical Screening |
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264 | (7) |
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Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy |
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271 | (1) |
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IR Thermography Screening |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (6) |
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273 | (4) |
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277 | (2) |
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High-Throughput Discovery of Battery Materials |
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279 | (26) |
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Introduction: Figures of Merit |
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279 | (1) |
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Charge Capacity and Its Reversibility |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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Specific Energy and Power |
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283 | (1) |
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Performance, Cyclability, and Life |
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283 | (1) |
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Combinatorial Synthesis of Cell Materials |
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284 | (5) |
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Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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Paste Deposition of Thick Electrode Films |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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High-Throughput Electrochemical Characterization |
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289 | (4) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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Conductivity Measurements and Complex Impedance Spectroscopy |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (6) |
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Thin Films of Metal Alloys and Oxides |
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293 | (1) |
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Percolation Effects in Thick Films of Composite-Positive Electrodes |
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293 | (3) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (3) |
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Conclusions and Future Prospects |
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299 | (6) |
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299 | (6) |
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SECTION 5 Electronic Materials Development |
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Innovation in Magnetic Data Storage Using Physical Deposition and Combinatorial Methods |
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305 | (18) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (8) |
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310 | (3) |
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313 | (7) |
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320 | (3) |
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320 | (3) |
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High-Throughput Screening of Next Generation Memory Materials |
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323 | (14) |
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323 | (1) |
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Dynamic/Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (DRAM/FRAM) |
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324 | (3) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (3) |
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Phase Change Random Access Memory (PRAM) |
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327 | (3) |
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327 | (2) |
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Combinatorial Method for PRAM |
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329 | (1) |
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Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) |
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330 | (3) |
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330 | (2) |
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Combinatorial Method for MRAM |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (4) |
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334 | (3) |
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Combinatorial Ion Beam Synthesis of II--VI Compound Semiconductor Nanoclusters |
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337 | (24) |
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337 | (4) |
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Combinatorial Ion Implantation |
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341 | (1) |
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High-Dose Ion Implantation |
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342 | (9) |
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Compound Formation and Phase Separation |
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342 | (3) |
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Particle Distribution: Self-Organization |
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345 | (3) |
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Measurement of Particle Size, Distribution, and Interparticle Distance |
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348 | (1) |
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Cross-Sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (XTEM) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (6) |
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357 | (4) |
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358 | (3) |
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Preparation of Dielectric Thin-Film Libraries by Sol--Gel Techniques |
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361 | (18) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (11) |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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Binary and Ternary Combinations of the Single-Element Precursors |
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363 | (1) |
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Prestructuring of the Substrates |
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363 | (2) |
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Deposition of the Samples |
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365 | (1) |
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Characterization of the Thin Films |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (3) |
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Determination of Film Properties |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (2) |
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Discussion on High-Throughput Characterizations |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (5) |
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374 | (5) |
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SECTION 6 Optic Materials |
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Combinatorial Fabrication and Screening of Organic Light-Emitting Device Arrays |
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379 | (26) |
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380 | (1) |
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Combinatorial Screening of Luminescent Materials |
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380 | (1) |
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Combinatorial Screening of Electron and Hole Transport Layers |
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380 | (1) |
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Combinatorial Screening of Doping in OLEDs |
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381 | (1) |
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Case Study 1. Two-Dimensional Combinatorial Fabrication and Screening of UV-Violet OLEDs |
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382 | (4) |
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382 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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ITO/CuPc/CBP/Bu-PBD/[ CsF or A1Ox]/A1 OLEDs |
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382 | (2) |
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ITO/CuPc/CBP/BCP/CsF/Al OLEDs |
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384 | (2) |
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Case Study 2. One-Dimensional Combinatorial Fabrication of Blue-to-Red OLEDs |
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386 | (4) |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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Properties of the Red-to-Blue Arrays |
|
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388 | (2) |
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Case Study 3. One-Dimensional Combinatorial Screening of Intense White OLEDs (WOLEDs) |
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390 | (4) |
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|
390 | (1) |
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|
391 | (1) |
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|
391 | (3) |
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Case Study 4. One-Dimensional Combinatorial Study of Forster Energy Transfer in Guest-Host OLEDs |
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394 | (6) |
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394 | (2) |
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|
396 | (1) |
|
Forster Energy Transfer Model |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Properties of the Combinatorial Array of DCM2-Doped α-NPD/DPVBi OLEDs |
|
|
397 | (3) |
|
Summary and Concluding Remarks |
|
|
400 | (5) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (4) |
|
Combinatorial Approach to Advanced Luminescent Materials |
|
|
405 | (20) |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Combinatorial Synthesis of Phosphors: Thin Film Deposition Combined with Masks and Solution-Based Synthetic Methods |
|
|
406 | (3) |
|
High-Throughput Screening of Phosphors Libraries: Photography and Scanning Spectrometer System |
|
|
409 | (3) |
|
Combinatorial Search for Advanced Luminescent Materials |
|
|
412 | (10) |
|
Ultraviolet Luminescent Materials |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
Vacuum Ultraviolet Luminescent Materials |
|
|
414 | (3) |
|
Cathodoluminescent (CL) Phosphors |
|
|
417 | (5) |
|
|
|
422 | (3) |
|
|
|
422 | (3) |
|
Combinatorial Screening and Optimization of Phosphors for Flat Panel Displays and Lightings |
|
|
425 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
Eu3+-Doped Y (As,NB,P,V)O4 Quaternary System |
|
|
427 | (6) |
|
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Spectral and Structural Analyses of Base Compounds |
|
|
427 | (2) |
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|
|
429 | (3) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
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|
433 | (1) |
|
Tb3+-Doped CaO-Gd2O3-Al2O3 Ternary System |
|
|
433 | (4) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Screening Results and Phase Identification |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Genetic Algorithm-Assisted Combinatorial Chemistry (GACC) |
|
|
437 | (10) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (4) |
|
Experimental Results and Discussion |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
Technology of PLD for Photodetector Materials |
|
|
447 | (22) |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Peculiarities of PLD Technology |
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
Synthesis of Quaternary Solid Solutions GaxIn1--xAsySb1--y (Fabrication of Semiconductor Structures with Spatial Variation of Energy Band Gap) |
|
|
450 | (3) |
|
Technological Approaches: Compositional and Structural Control and Description |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (2) |
|
Fabrication of Graded Gap Semiconductor Structures |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
PLD-Produced Heterojunctions (The Role of Heterojunction Interface) |
|
|
453 | (8) |
|
Advantages of Detectors Based on Heterostructures (An Overview) |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Technology and Structural Features |
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
Photodetector Characteristics and Their Relation with Heterojunction Structure |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Abrupt Heterojunction nInSb--nGaAs |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
Smooth Heterojunction InSb--GaAs |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Heterojunctions pInSb-nCdTe |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Thin Films PbTe, PbSnTe, and Periodic Structures PbTe-Pba-PbTe |
|
|
461 | (3) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Photoelectric Characteristics |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Synthesis of Solid Solutions Bi1--xSbx |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (4) |
|
|
|
466 | (3) |
| Index |
|
469 | |