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E-raamat: Concepts and Applications in Veterinary Toxicology: An Interactive Guide

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Aug-2019
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030222505
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Concepts and Applications in Veterinary Toxicology: An Interactive GuideSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Aug-2019
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030222505
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This book: “Concepts and Applications in Veterinary Toxicology: An Interactive Guide”: covers a broad spectrum of topics related to students specializing in veterinary toxicology and for veterinary medical practitioners. Since the major emphasis of the book is to teach veterinary students, therefore more attention has been given to common toxicants to which several species are exposed including pet animals. The subject of veterinary toxicology is complicated greatly by the wide variations in responses of domestic, companion, aquatic, wild, and zoo species to toxicants. Therefore, emphasis has also been given to species variation and diagnostic toxicology including clinical management that is more relevant to veterinary profession.

Key Features

·  Highlights specialized topics essential for veterinary specialists.

·   Covers a variety of common toxicants to which several species including pet animals are exposed.

· Includes sample questions and answers that are extremely valuable for students, clinical pharmacists, teachers, and academicians in preparing for their board and other examinations.


1 General Principles of Toxicology
1(26)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Roots in Veterinary Medicine and Toxicology
2(2)
1.3 Toxicology and the Risk Paradigm
4(1)
1.4 Scope of Toxicology
5(1)
1.5 Current Status
6(1)
1.6 Definitions, Classification, and Toxicity Rating
7(1)
1.7 Toxicity Rating
8(1)
1.8 Sources of Poisoning
9(1)
1.8.1 Malicious Poisoning
10(1)
1.8.2 Accidental Poisoning
10(1)
1.9 Factors Affecting the Activity of Toxicants
10(4)
1.9.1 Host Factors (Biologic Factors)
10(3)
1.9.2 Factors Related to Exposure
13(1)
1.9.3 Chemical Factors
13(1)
1.10 Natural Law Concerning Toxicity
14(3)
1.10.1 Dose-Response Relationship
14(1)
1.10.2 Types of Dose-Response Relationship
15(1)
1.10.3 Variables of Dose-Response Curves
15(2)
1.11 Interaction with Receptors
17(4)
1.12 Questions and Answers
21(5)
1.12.1 Short Questions and Answers
21(1)
1.12.2 Multiple Choice Questions
22(2)
1.12.3 Fill in the Blanks
24(1)
1.12.4 True or False Statements
25(1)
1.12.5 Match the Statements
25(1)
Further Reading
26(1)
2 Disposition and Fate of Toxicants
27(18)
2.1 Introduction
27(2)
2.2 Absorption
29(4)
2.2.1 Translocation of Xenobiotics Across Membranes
29(2)
2.2.2 Toxicant Absorption
31(1)
2.2.3 Species Differences in Absorption
32(1)
2.3 Distribution
33(1)
2.3.1 Species Differences in Distribution
34(1)
2.4 Biotransformation
34(1)
2.5 Excretion
34(2)
2.6 Induction or Inhibition of Metabolizing Enzymes
36(1)
2.7 Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity
36(1)
2.8 Essentials of Toxicokinetic Principles
36(1)
2.9 Question and Answers
37(7)
2.9.1 Short Question and Answers
37(3)
2.9.2 Multiple Choice Questions
40(1)
2.9.3 Fill in the Blanks
41(1)
2.9.4 True or False Statements
42(1)
2.9.5 Match the Statements
43(1)
Further Reading
44(1)
3 Mechanism of Toxicity
45(14)
3.1 Introduction
45(1)
3.2 Mechanism of Action
46(1)
3.3 Mode of Action
46(2)
3.3.1 Nonspecific
47(1)
3.3.2 Specific Type
47(1)
3.4 Mechanism of Toxicity
48(2)
3.4.1 Steps Involved in the Process of Mechanisms of Toxicity
48(1)
3.4.2 Factors Responsible for Cellular Dysfunction
48(2)
3.5 Forms of Cell Deaths
50(2)
3.5.1 Necrosis
50(1)
3.5.2 Apoptosis
51(1)
3.6 Questions and Answers
52(6)
3.6.1 Short Questions and Answers
52(2)
3.6.2 Multiple-Choice Questions
54(2)
3.6.3 Fill in the Blanks
56(1)
3.6.4 True or False Statements
57(1)
3.6.5 Match the Statements
57(1)
Further Reading
58(1)
4 Toxic Effects of Pesticides and Agrochemicals
59(24)
4.1 Introduction
59(2)
4.2 Definitions and Classifications
61(1)
4.2.1 Definitions
61(1)
4.2.2 Classification
61(1)
4.3 Toxicity of Insecticides
62(1)
4.4 Herbicide Toxicity
62(8)
4.4.1 Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides
63(5)
4.4.2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Compounds (Toxicity)
68(1)
4.4.3 Insecticides Derived from Plants (Toxicity)
68(2)
4.4.4 Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides
70(1)
4.5 Fungicides
70(1)
4.6 Rodenticide Poisoning
71(3)
4.6.1 Anticoagulant Rodenticides (Warfarin and Congeners)
71(1)
4.6.2 Nonanticoagulant Rodenticide (Bromethalin)
72(1)
4.6.3 Cholecalciferol Toxicosis
72(1)
4.6.4 Zinc Phosphide
73(1)
4.7 Molluscicide Poisoning
74(1)
4.8 Solvents and Emulsiner Toxicity
74(1)
4.9 Sulfur and Lime-Sulfur
75(1)
4.10 Questions and Answers
75(7)
4.10.1 Short Questions and Answers
75(2)
4.10.2 Multiple Choice Questions
77(2)
4.10.3 Fill in the Blanks
79(1)
4.10.4 True or False Statements
80(1)
4.10.5 Match the Statements
81(1)
Further Reading
82(1)
5 Toxic Effects of Metals and Micronutrients
83(38)
5.1 Introduction
83(2)
5.2 Arsenic (Sankhyal, Somalkar)
85(2)
5.2.1 Mechanism of Action
85(1)
5.2.2 Toxicity
85(2)
5.3 Cadmium Poisoning
87(1)
5.3.1 Mechanism of Toxicity
87(1)
5.3.2 Toxicity
87(1)
5.4 Cobalt Deficiency (Vitamin B12 Deficiency)
88(1)
5.5 Chromium Toxicity
89(1)
5.6 Iodine Toxicity/Deficiency
89(2)
5.6.1 Toxicity
89(1)
5.6.2 Iodine Deficiency (Goiter)
90(1)
5.7 Phosphorus
91(1)
5.8 Copper Poisoning/Deficiency
92(2)
5.8.1 Toxicity
92(1)
5.8.2 Copper Deficiency
93(1)
5.9 Fluoride Toxicoses
94(2)
5.9.1 Toxicity
95(1)
5.10 Iron Toxicoses
96(1)
5.11 Lead Poisoning
97(3)
5.11.1 Mechanism of Action
97(1)
5.11.2 Toxicity
98(1)
5.11.3 Treatment
99(1)
5.12 Manganese Toxicity
100(1)
5.12.1 Mechanism of Action
100(1)
5.12.2 Toxicity
100(1)
5.12.3 Treatment
101(1)
5.13 Mercury Poisoning
101(3)
5.13.1 Mechanism of Action
102(1)
5.13.2 Toxicity
103(1)
5.13.3 Treatment
103(1)
5.14 Molybdenum Poisoning
104(2)
5.14.1 Mechanism of Action
104(1)
5.14.2 Toxicity
104(2)
5.14.3 Treatment
106(1)
5.15 Selenium Poisoning
106(2)
5.15.1 Mechanism of Action
106(1)
5.15.2 Toxicity
107(1)
5.15.3 Treatment
108(1)
5.16 Zinc Toxicosis
108(1)
5.17 Salt Poisoning/Deficiency
109(2)
5.17.1 Mechanism of Action
109(1)
5.17.2 Toxicity
110(1)
5.17.3 Treatment
110(1)
5.18 Sulfur and Lime-Sulfur Poisoning/Deficiency
111(2)
5.18.1 Mechanism of Action
111(1)
5.18.2 Toxicity
112(1)
5.18.3 Treatment
112(1)
5.19 Questions and Answers
113(6)
5.19.1 Short Questions and Answers
113(2)
5.19.2 Multiple Choice Questions
115(2)
5.19.3 Fill in the Blanks
117(1)
5.19.4 True or False Statements
117(1)
5.19.5 Match the Statements
118(1)
Further Reading
119(2)
6 Toxicologic Hazards of Solvents, Gases, Vapors, and Other Chemicals
121(22)
6.1 Introduction
121(2)
6.2 Solvent Toxicity
123(3)
6.2.1 Alcohols and Glycols
123(2)
6.2.2 Petroleum Toxicity
125(1)
6.3 Toxic Gases and Vapors
126(5)
6.3.1 Carbon Monoxide (CO)
126(1)
6.3.2 Hydrogen Sulfide
127(1)
6.3.3 Oxides of Nitrogen (Silo Filler's Disease)
128(1)
6.3.4 Gaseous Ammonia
129(1)
6.3.5 Smoke Inhalation
129(1)
6.3.6 Phosphine Gas Sources
130(1)
6.4 Organic Compounds
131(1)
6.5 Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) and Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs)
131(1)
6.6 Persistent Halogenated Aromatic (PHAs) Poisoning
132(1)
6.7 Coal-Tar Product Poisoning
133(1)
6.8 Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Poisoning
133(1)
6.9 Smoke Inhalation
134(1)
6.10 Household Hazards
134(2)
6.10.1 Chlorine Bleaches
135(1)
6.10.2 Detergents, Soaps, and Shampoos
135(1)
6.11 Questions and Answers
136(6)
6.11.1 Short Questions and Answers
136(2)
6.11.2 Multiple Choice Questions
138(3)
6.11.3 Match the Statements
141(1)
Further Reading
142(1)
7 Toxicities from Human Drugs
143(22)
7.1 Introduction
143(1)
7.2 Toxicities from Over-the-Counter Drugs
144(6)
7.2.1 Decongestants
145(1)
7.2.2 Antihistamines
145(1)
7.2.3 Gastrointestinal Drugs
146(1)
7.2.4 Antacids
147(1)
7.2.5 Analgesics
147(1)
7.2.6 Multivitamins and Iron
148(1)
7.2.7 Topical Preparations
149(1)
7.2.8 5-Hydroxytryptophan
149(1)
7.2.9 Herbal Supplements (Toxicity)
149(1)
7.3 Toxicities from Prescription Drugs
150(10)
7.3.1 Cardiovascular Medications
150(2)
7.3.2 Phenothiazine Tranquilizers/Benzodiazepines
152(1)
7.3.3 Antidepressants and Sleep Aids
153(2)
7.3.4 Muscle Relaxants (Toxicity)
155(1)
7.3.5 Topical Agents (Toxicity)
155(1)
7.3.6 Toxicities from Nonsteroidal Prescription Drugs
155(1)
7.3.7 Toxicities from Illicit and Abused Drugs
156(4)
7.4 Questions and Answers
160(3)
7.4.1 Short Questions and Answers
160(1)
7.4.2 Multiple Choice Questions
161(1)
7.4.3 Fill in the Blanks
162(1)
Further Reading
163(2)
8 Poisonous and Venomous Organisms
165(22)
8.1 Introduction
165(1)
8.2 Classification of Venomous Arthropods
166(1)
8.3 Arachnids (Spiders, Scorpions, Whip Scorpions, Solpugids, Mites, and Ticks)
167(3)
8.3.1 Spiders
167(1)
8.3.2 Scorpions
168(1)
8.3.3 Ticks Paralysis
169(1)
8.4 Myriapoda: Centipedes and Millipedes
170(1)
8.5 Insects: Heteroptera (True Bugs) and Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, Wasps, and Hornets)
171(2)
8.5.1 Ants, Bees, Wasps, and Hornets
171(2)
8.6 Blister Beetle Poisoning (Cantharidin Poisoning)
173(1)
8.7 Toad Poisoning
174(1)
8.8 Snake Poisoning
175(3)
8.8.1 Crotalids
175(2)
8.8.2 Elapids
177(1)
8.9 Lizards
178(1)
8.10 Questions and Answers
179(6)
8.10.1 Short Questions and Answers
179(2)
8.10.2 Multiple Choice Questions
181(3)
8.10.3 Fill in Blanks
184(1)
8.10.4 True or False Statements
184(1)
Further Reading
185(2)
9 Bacterial and Cyanobacterial (Blue-Green Algae)
187(16)
9.1 Introduction
187(1)
9.2 Botulinum Toxins (Botulism)
188(2)
9.3 Enterotoxemias (Clostridium perfringens Infections)
190(3)
9.3.1 Type A Enterotoxemia (Necrotic Enteritis)
191(1)
9.3.2 Type B and C Enterotoxemia (Lamb Dysentery)
191(1)
9.3.3 Type D Enterotoxemia (Pulpy Kidney Disease, Overeating Disease)
192(1)
9.4 Blue-Green Algae Poisoning (Cyanobacterial Toxins)
193(2)
9.5 Questions and Answers
195(6)
9.5.1 Short Questions and Answers
195(2)
9.5.2 Multiple Choice Questions
197(1)
9.5.3 Fill in the Blanks
198(1)
9.5.4 True or False Statements
199(1)
9.5.5 Match the Statements
200(1)
Further Reading
201(2)
10 Mycotoxicoses
203(24)
10.1 Introduction
203(1)
10.2 Aflatoxicosis
204(2)
10.3 Ochratoxin A Toxicity
206(1)
10.4 Ergotism
207(2)
10.5 Estrogenism and Vulvovaginitis (Fusarium Estrogenism)
209(2)
10.6 Facial Eczema
211(1)
10.7 Fescue Lameness (Fescue Foot)
212(1)
10.8 Fumonisin Toxicosis
213(1)
10.9 Mycotoxic Lupinosis
214(1)
10.10 Trichofhecene Toxicosis
215(2)
10.11 Ryegrass Staggers
217(1)
10.12 Paspalum Staggers
217(1)
10.13 Slaframine Toxicosis
218(1)
10.14 Degnala Disease
218(2)
10.15 Tremorgenic Mycotoxins
220(1)
10.16 Questions and Answers
220(5)
10.16.1 Short Questions and Answers
220(1)
10.16.2 Multiple Choice Questions
221(2)
10.16.3 FiH in the Blanks
223(1)
10.16.4 True or False Statements
224(1)
10.16.5 Match the Statements
224(1)
Further Reading
225(2)
11 Poisonous Plants
227(52)
11.1 Introduction
227(1)
11.2 Astragalus and Oxytropis Species
228(4)
11.2.1 Locoweeds
228(1)
11.2.2 Nitro-Containing Astragalus (Milkvetches)
229(2)
11.2.3 Seleniferous Astragalus
231(1)
11.3 Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.)
232(1)
11.4 Lupines (Lupinus spp.)
233(2)
11.5 Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
235(2)
11.6 Water Hemlock (Cicuta spp.)
237(1)
11.7 Ponderosa Pine Needles (Pinus spp.)
238(1)
11.8 Rayless Goldenrod (Haplopappus heterophyllus)
239(1)
11.9 Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia spp.)
240(1)
11.10 Halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus)
241(1)
11.11 Pyrrolidine Alkaloid-Containing Plants
242(2)
11.12 Photosensitizing Plants
244(2)
11.12.1 Primary Photosensitization
244(1)
11.12.2 Secondary Photosensitization
245(1)
11.13 Bracken Fern (Pteridium and Aquilinum)
246(2)
11.14 Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae Family)
248(1)
11.15 Colchicum autumnale L
249(2)
11.16 Datura
251(1)
11.17 Oleander Plants (Apocynaceae Family)
252(1)
11.18 Aconitum napellus
253(1)
11.19 Ricinus communis
254(2)
11.20 Lantana Poisoning
256(2)
11.21 Descurainia pinnata
258(1)
11.22 Plants Containing Cyanogenic Glycosides
259(4)
11.23 Nitrate-and Nitrite-Accumulating Plants
263(2)
11.24 Toxicity of Yew (7axt spp.) Alkaloids
265(1)
11.25 Senna occidentalis (Fabaceae Family)
266(1)
11.26 Strychnine Poisoning
267(1)
11.27 Mushroom Poisoning
268(1)
11.28 Questions and Answers
269(8)
11.28.1 Short Questions and Answers
269(2)
11.28.2 Multiple Choice Questions
271(3)
11.28.3 Fill in the Blanks
274(1)
11.28.4 True or False Statements
275(1)
11.28.5 Match the Statements
276(1)
Further Reading
277(2)
12 Feed Contaminant Toxicity
279(10)
12.1 Introduction
279(1)
12.2 Melamine and Cyanuric Acid
280(1)
12.3 Ionophore Toxicity
281(2)
12.3.1 Toxic Myopathies in Ruminants and Pigs
281(1)
12.3.2 Toxic Myopathy in Poultry
281(1)
12.3.3 Nonprotein Nitrogen Poisoning
281(2)
12.4 Questions and Answers
283(4)
12.4.1 Short Questions and Answers
283(1)
12.4.2 Multiple Choice Questions
284(1)
12.4.3 FU1 in the Blanks
285(1)
12.4.4 True or False Statements
286(1)
Further Reading
287(2)
13 Food Hazards
289(12)
13.1 Introduction
289(1)
13.2 Avocado Poisoning
290(1)
13.3 Chocolate Poisoning
291(2)
13.4 Beard Doughs
293(1)
13.5 Macadamia Nuts
293(1)
13.6 Xylitol
294(1)
13.7 Raisins and Grapes
294(1)
13.8 Questions and Answers
295(5)
13.8.1 Short Questions
295(2)
13.8.2 Multiple Choice Questions
297(1)
13.8.3 FU1 in the Blanks
298(1)
13.8.4 True or False Statements
299(1)
Further Reading
300(1)
14 Veterinary Drug Residue Hazards
301(8)
14.1 Introduction
301(1)
14.2 Background
302(1)
14.3 Public Health Significances
303(1)
14.4 Withdrawal Times
303(1)
14.5 Questions and Answers
304(4)
14.5.1 Short Questions
304(2)
14.5.2 Multiple Choice Questions
306(1)
14.5.3 Fill in the Blanks
307(1)
14.5.4 True or False Statements
307(1)
Further Reading
308(1)
15 Veterinary Clinical Toxicology
309(20)
15.1 Introduction
309(1)
15.2 Diagnosis of Toxicosis
310(5)
15.2.1 Collection of Samples
311(1)
15.2.2 Procedure for Submission of Samples
312(1)
15.2.3 Samples for Toxicology Examination
312(2)
15.2.4 Analytical Methods in Toxicology
314(1)
15.3 Principles of Therapy
315(2)
15.3.1 Prevention of Further Poison Absorption
315(1)
15.3.2 Enhancement of Poison Elimination
316(1)
15.3.3 Supportive Treatment
316(1)
15.3.4 Specific Antidotes
317(1)
15.4 Questions and Answers
317(11)
15.4.1 Short Questions and Answers
317(5)
15.4.2 Multiple Choice Questions
322(3)
15.4.3 Fill in the Blanks
325(1)
15.4.4 True or False Statements
326(1)
15.4.5 Match the Statements
327(1)
Further Reading
328(1)
Index 329
Prof. Dr. Gupta is an internationally known toxicologist with more than 54 years of experience in the field of teaching, research and as research management in toxicology. He has guided many post-graduate students for their thesis work in toxicology and was honored with several National and International Awards including best teachers, best researcher, Alarsin, Lifetime achievements, UP Book of Records, Limca Book Records  and IUTOX-Astra Zeneca Award (USA). To his credit he has several books, book chapters (John Wiley, Elsevier, Academic Press, Merck & Co. Mariel Limited and Springer USA) as well as scientific research publications (705) published in National and International peer reviewed Journals of repute. His contribution in the publication of Indian Veterinary Pharmacopeia is highly praise worthy. He is the founder Editor-in-Chief of a peer reviewed scientific journal Toxicology International, and has been the Book Review Editor, Marcel Dekker, USA; Expert member Consultant and Advisor to WHO, Geneva; Consultant United Nations FAO, Rome; IAEA, Vienna; Founder Academy of Sciences for Animal Welfare; Founder and Past President, Society of Toxicology of India; Adjunct Professor, SRMS; founder director and member nominating committee of International Union of Toxicology; founder President of Society of Toxicology of India, founder Editor-in-Chief of peer reviewed PUBMED indexed scientific Journal Toxicology International, and has held several prominent positions of scientific organizations in India and abroad. In addition to this Dr. Gupta has also been biographer in several WHO's WHO from all over the world including Marquis WHOs WHO (USA), IBC (UK) and other leading publications of the World. Dr Gupta has been President of Rotary Club, International Distict 3110. At present Dr. Gupta is Director of Toxicology Consulting Group, Patron and Founder President of the Society of Toxicology of India, and President of the Academy of Sciences for Animal Welfare. Dr. Gupta has widely traveled all over in USA, Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, Belgium, Nepal, The Netherlands, France, Germany, Switzerland, Croatia, Italy, Hong Kong, Ireland, Russia, Thailand, China, etc. to visit their laboratories and to deliver lectures (visiting Professor, University of Tennessee and West Virginia University, USA) in specialty areas of toxicology.
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