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E-raamat: Design and Order: Perceptual Experience of Built Form - Principles in the Planning and Making of Place

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119539537
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119539537
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Teaches the principles behind the successful planning and creation of inspired built forms and urban places

This book offers an integrated understanding of both the principles and the perception of the design of built environments and public spaces. It outlines the fundamental characteristics that are evident in the creation of built form and illustrates how they determine the experience of resultant places. It also consolidates the key criteria that need to be taken into consideration in the development of these areas. All of the above-mentioned aims to provide designers with a solid understanding of the implications of their decisions on perception and behavior during the creation of new spaces.

Design and Order: Perceptual experience of built form - Principles in the Planning and Making of Place starts by examining the designing of natural environments and the affect that they have on humans. It teaches readers how people experience and are shaped by a space—via their eyes, brain, and overall perception. It then instructs on proper grammar of form and syntax so that designers can understand how to pursue design processes systematically. The book then takes readers through this process of designing, informing them on the principles of form, function, configuration, communication, organization, color and contrasts, building structures, good practice and more.

  • Seeks to improve the methodological approach to the planning and design of buildings
  • Broadly address all of the functions that impact the realization of new built and urban form
  • Outlines the fundamental characteristics that are evident in the design of built forms and illustrates how these characteristics determine the experience of the resultant places
  • Comprehensively covers the ideas, principles, and the perception of design
  • Teaches designers to make informed decisions about applying or discarding principles when creating spaces.

Design and Order is a unique book that will appeal to students and professionals in architecture, urban design and planning, as well as designers and developers.

Outline xix
Preface xxiii
Section I The Environment
1(2)
Part I The Environment - Natural, Ecological and Historical (Topography)
3(26)
1 Natural Sites and Places
5(6)
1.1 Nature and Landscape
5(1)
1.2 Natural Places and Characteristics
5(1)
1.3 Creation of Man-Made Places
6(1)
1.4 Existential Space and Place
7(2)
1.5 Natural Landscape and Sensing
9(2)
Further Reading
10(1)
2 Ecological and Climatic Context and Basic Protection Needs
11(10)
2.1 Primitive Needs
11(1)
2.2 Climatic Zones and Natural Materials for Shelter
11(2)
2.3 Shelter Types, Uses and Purposes
13(1)
2.4 Socio-Cultural Factors and Human Needs
14(1)
2.5 Theory of Human Needs
15(3)
Exhibit 2.1 Basic Human Needs
18(3)
Further Reading
19(2)
3 Historical and Regional Development
21(8)
3.1 Historic Eras and Development
21(1)
3.2 Regional Variations, Early Cultures and Settlements
22(1)
3.3 Topography, Climate and Materials -- Form Determinants
23(1)
Exhibit 3.1 Individual Dwelling Types
24(5)
Further Reading
27(2)
Section II Human Behaviour and Design
29(2)
Part II Human Behaviour (Neuro-Physiology)
31(60)
4 The Brain, the Mind and Sensing
33(22)
4.1 The Brain and Neurological Systems -- Seeing, Touching and Hearing
33(1)
4.2 Seeing -- Visual Processing and Memory
33(2)
4.3 Touching and Hearing
35(1)
4.4 The Mind -- Mental Learning and Thinking -- Cognition
36(2)
4.5 The Mind -- Visceral Feelings -- Emotion and Motivation
38(1)
4.6 Consciousness and Self
39(1)
4.7 Human Body and the Sensing of Form
40(1)
4.8 Meaning, Intentionality and Imagination
41(1)
4.9 Metaphor and Consciousness
42(3)
Exhibit 4.1 The Human Brain -- Neurological Sensing
45(10)
Further Reading
52(3)
5 The Eyes and the Visual System
55(20)
5.1 Visual Perception
55(2)
5.2 Visual World and Visual Field
57(4)
5.3 Visual Perception and Affordances
61(1)
5.4 Perceptual Experience -- Visual System
62(1)
5.5 Visual System and Optic Arrays
63(2)
5.6 Recognition, Eye Movements and Analogue Theory
65(1)
Exhibit 5.1 The Human Eye
66(6)
Exhibit 5.2 Affordances
72(1)
Exhibit 5.3 Perspective -- Sensory Shifts
73(2)
Further Reading
74(1)
6 The Senses
75(16)
6.1 The System of Senses
75(1)
6.2 The Senses
76(2)
6.3 Further Senses
78(3)
6.4 The Senses and Multi-Sensory Experience
81(2)
6.5 Multi-Sensory Emotions, Feelings and Aspirations
83(2)
6.6 Pleasure
85(1)
Exhibit 6.1 The Human Ear
86(2)
Exhibit 6.2 The Human Senses
88(3)
Further Reading
89(2)
Part III Perceptual Experience of Form (Psychology and Phenomenology)
91(24)
7 Aesthetic Theories and Perception of Built Form
93(22)
7.1 Perception
93(1)
7.2 Theories of Perception
93(1)
7.3 Schematisation and Phenomena
94(2)
7.4 Equilibrium, Wholes and Re-centring
96(1)
7.5 Parts and the `Whole'
96(2)
7.6 Perceptual Properties
98(1)
7.7 Perception of Form
98(1)
7.8 Psychology of Form
99(1)
7.9 Dynamics of Space
100(2)
7.10 Perception and Cognition
102(2)
7.11 Meaning and Symbols
104(2)
7.12 Synopsis -- Perceptual Experience
106(2)
Exhibit 7.1 Principles of Configuration
108(3)
Exhibit 7.2 Perspective
111(4)
Further Reading
113(2)
Part IV Grammar and Syntax of Form, and Composition
115(26)
8 Architectural Ordering, Composition, Form and Beauty
117(24)
8.1 Order
117(1)
8.2 Grammar of Design and Syntax
118(4)
8.3 Composition and Characteristics
122(2)
8.4 Rhythm and Harmony
124(1)
8.5 Purposiveness
125(1)
8.6 Objects and Arrangements
125(1)
8.7 Composition and Type
126(1)
8.8 Ways of Ordering
127(2)
8.9 Objective Properties
129(1)
Exhibit 8.1 Principles of Composition
130(2)
Exhibit 8.2 Basic Rules of Composition for Order and Unity
132(9)
Further Reading
140(1)
Part V Planning and Design Process, and Programme Requirements (Methodology)
141(48)
9 Design Framework, Methods and Approaches
143(24)
9.1 Problem Formulation
143(1)
9.2 Setting
143(1)
9.3 Fitness and Fit
144(1)
9.4 Self-Conscious Design Approach
145(1)
9.5 Affordances and Behaviour Settings
146(1)
9.6 Programme Requirements
146(1)
9.7 Designing and Design Approaches
147(2)
9.8 Design Process, Reflection and Appraisal
149(6)
9.9 Intended Results and Evaluation
155(2)
9.10 Design of `Good' Form
157(1)
Exhibit 9.1 Nature of Design Requirements, Invention and Making
158(3)
Exhibit 9.2 Modern Design Approach -- Programme, Brief and Process
161(6)
Further Reading
164(3)
10 `Pattern Language' Approach
167(22)
10.1 Form Language
167(2)
10.2 Order and Life -- "Wholeness'
169(2)
10.3 Life-Creating Transformations of Centres
171(2)
10.4 Language of Form
173(2)
10.5 Fundamental Maxim -- `Unity' of the `Whole'
175(1)
Exhibit 10.1 Pattern Language -- Properties
176(4)
Exhibit 10.2 Rules of Scale in Order
180(4)
Exhibit 10.3 Ambience
184(2)
Exhibit 10.4 `Well' Building
186(3)
Further Reading
188(1)
Section III Form, Function and Fit
189(2)
Part VI Form and Fit
191(130)
11 Physical Built Form in Space
193(14)
11.1 Form -- Mass and Spatial Volume
193(1)
11.2 Transformation of Form
193(1)
11.3 Additive Form
194(2)
11.4 Integration of Forms
196(1)
11.5 Form and Space
196(1)
11.6 Horizontal Planes
197(1)
11.7 Vertical Planes
197(3)
11.8 Architectural Space, Enclosures and Vistas
200(1)
11.9 Spatial Qualities and Layout
201(1)
11.10 Light, Sound and Atmospheric Qualities in Built Form
202(2)
Exhibit 11.1 Principles of Articulation and Conjugation
204(3)
Further Reading
205(2)
12 Geometrical Layout and Organisation -- Axes, Shapes and Repeating Patterns
207(10)
12.1 Datum and Axes
207(1)
12.2 Ordering Principles
207(1)
12.3 Hierarchy and Scale
208(1)
12.4 Rhythm and Repetition
208(1)
12.5 Symmetry
208(1)
12.6 Transformations
209(2)
12.7 Generative Design Processes
211(1)
12.8 Fractals
212(1)
12.9 Other Forms of Geometry -- Non-Euclidean
212(1)
12.10 Patterns of Repeating Elements for Decoration
213(1)
Exhibit 12.1 Principles in the Design of Decorative, Geometric and Motif Patterns
214(3)
Further Reading
216(1)
13 Proportion, Symmetry and Harmony
217(44)
13.1 Proportion -- History
217(3)
13.2 Proportion and Physical Relationships
220(1)
13.3 Symmetry
220(2)
13.4 Human Proportions
222(1)
13.5 Room Proportions
222(2)
13.6 Regulating Lines
224(2)
13.7 Latent Geometric Relationships
226(1)
13.8 Good Proportioning
226(1)
13.9 Anthropometrics and Human Factors
227(1)
13.10 Scale
227(1)
13.11 Harmony
228(1)
13.12 Expressions of Form
229(1)
Exhibit 13.1 Principles of Proportion and Symmetry
230(3)
Exhibit 13.2 Types of Series, Proportion, Symmetry and Natural Growth
233(16)
Exhibit 13.3 Principles of Rhythm and Harmony
249(2)
Exhibit 13.4 Essay on Harmony as It Relates to Building -- Robert Morris
251(1)
Exhibit 13.5 Musical Harmony
252(5)
Exhibit 13.6 Rhythm and Syncopation in Built Form by Era
257(4)
Further Reading
258(3)
Photos
259(2)
14 Organisational Forms and Layout
261(14)
14.1 Linear Organisation
261(1)
14.2 Centralised Organisation
261(1)
14.3 Radial Organisation
261(1)
14.4 Grid
262(1)
14.5 Clustered Organisation
263(1)
14.6 Interior Enclosed Space
264(1)
Exhibit 14.1 Principles of Organisation and Arrangement
265(2)
Exhibit 14.2 The Modulor
267(4)
Exhibit 14.3 Japanese Design Arrangements for Dwelling
271(4)
Further Reading
272(3)
15 Functional Purpose and Use of Space
275(12)
15.1 Function
275(1)
15.2 Utility, Significance and Purposefulness
275(1)
15.3 Use, Activities and Spatial Requirements
275(1)
15.4 Structural System and Components
276(1)
15.5 Materials
277(1)
15.6 Personal Space
278(1)
15.7 Territoriality
279(1)
15.8 Defensible Space
280(3)
Exhibit 15.1 Principles of Function and Purpose
283(2)
Exhibit 15.2 Purposiveness
285(1)
Exhibit 15.3 Principles of Universal Design
286(1)
Further Reading
286(1)
16 Circulation, Plan and Elevation
287(8)
16.1 Approach
287(1)
16.2 Entrance
287(1)
16.3 Dynamic Spatial Experience
288(1)
16.4 Configuration for Communication
289(1)
16.5 Access Paths
289(1)
16.6 Internal Circulation
289(1)
16.7 Stairs and Staircases
290(1)
16.8 Built Section
290(2)
Exhibit 16.1 Principles of Communication and Circulation
292(3)
Further Reading
293(2)
17 Colour and Contrast
295(26)
17.1 Light and Spectrum
295(1)
17.2 Colour Pigments
295(2)
17.3 Pigments for Printing
297(2)
17.4 Complementary Colours
299(1)
17.5 Features of Colour
300(3)
17.6 Colour Circle, Sphere and Star
303(1)
17.7 Perceptual Basis of Colour
304(3)
17.8 Colour Interaction
307(1)
17.9 Colour Serialisation
308(1)
Exhibit 17.1 Principles of Colour and Contrast
309(2)
Exhibit 17.2 Colour Parameters and Principles
311(6)
Exhibit 17.3 Contrast in Colour
317(4)
Further Reading
319(2)
Part VII Building Structure and Types
321(14)
18 Structure
323(12)
18.1 Beginnings
323(1)
18.2 Laws of Nature
323(1)
18.3 Lateral Stability
324(1)
18.4 Materials
324(1)
18.5 Design Methods
325(1)
18.6 Connections and Jointing
325(1)
18.7 Structural Types
326(2)
18.8 Maintainability and Sustainability
328(1)
18.9 Generative Parametrics
328(1)
18.10 Resiliency
328(1)
Exhibit 18.1 Principles of Structure
329(6)
Further Reading
331(1)
Photos
331(4)
Section IV Built and Urban Form
335(2)
Part VIII `Good' Practice - Built Form
337(38)
19 Buildings and Dwellings
339(36)
19.1 Space and Human Interaction
339(1)
19.2 Creation of `Place'
340(1)
19.3 `Good' Building
341(1)
19.4 Built Form Determinants
342(3)
19.5 Re-Use
345(1)
19.6 Use Types of Buildings
346(1)
19.7 Goals of `Good' Built Form
347(2)
Exhibit 19.1 Principles of Assembly -- Built Form
349(3)
Exhibit 19.2 Selective Modern `Good' Building Practice by Use Type
352(2)
Exhibit 19.3 Examples of Built Type Forms
354(4)
Exhibit 19.4 Modern Movements and Practitioners
358(2)
Exhibit 19.5 Iconic Modern Buildings
360(5)
Exhibit 19.6 Modern Iconic US Buildings
365(10)
Further Reading
368(1)
Photos
368(7)
Part IX `Good' Practice -- Urban Form
375(60)
20 Urban Form
377(58)
20.1 Form Determinants in Urban Settlements -- Natural and Man-Made Features
377(2)
20.2 Historical Developments
379(2)
20.3 Different Regional and Cultural Typologies
381(2)
20.4 Multi-Nucleus and Mixed Development
383(2)
20.5 Modern Developments
385(1)
20.6 Elements of Urban Form
386(2)
20.7 Legibility
388(1)
20.8 Organisation
389(2)
20.9 Life Space and Topology
391(1)
20.10 Urban Form and Life
391(2)
20.11 Layout of Urban Neighbourhoods
393(2)
20.12 Development
395(1)
20.13 `Good' City Form
396(2)
20.14 Urban `Open' Forms
398(1)
20.15 Goals of `Good' Urban Form
398(2)
Exhibit 20.1 Principles of Emplacement -- Urban Form
400(3)
Exhibit 20.2 Urban Space Requirements
403(3)
Exhibit 20.3 Selective Modern `Good' Urbanistic Practice
406(4)
Exhibit 20.4 Urban Type Forms by Use Purpose
410(25)
Further Reading
411(1)
Photos
412(7)
Summary
419(4)
Bibliography
423(10)
Appendices -- Part I
433(2)
Appendix I.3.1 Ancient Settings -- Europe, Near East, Asia and Americas
435(14)
I.3.1.1 Neolithic Age 10 000--3000 BC -- Mid East and Europe
435(1)
I.3.1.2 Bronze Age 3000--1000 BC -- Europe and Mid East
436(1)
I.3.1.3 Ancient Iron Age 1000 BC to 0 AD -- Mid East
437(2)
I.3.1.4 Early Age 0--1000 AD -- Europe and Mid East
439(1)
I.3.1.5 Mesoamerica to 1500 AD
440(1)
I.3.1.6 North America to 1500 AD
440(1)
I.3.1.7 Asia and the Orient to 1500 AD
441(2)
I.3.1.8 Africa to 1500 AD
443(1)
I.3.1.9 Europe --- Mediaeval Cities After 1000 AD
443(6)
Further Reading
444(1)
Photos
444(5)
Appendix I.3.2 Ancient City Places
449(6)
Further Reading
451(2)
Appendices -- Part II
453(2)
Appendix II.6.1 Feelings of Space and Form in the Environment
455(6)
II.6.1.1 Natural Light
455(1)
II.6.1.2 Movement
455(1)
II.6.1.3 Complementarity of Form
456(1)
II.6.1.4 Balance
457(1)
II.6.1.5 Individuality
457(1)
II.6.1.6 Opaque Geometry and Occlusion
457(1)
II.6.1.7 Sense of Spatial Perception
458(1)
II.6.1.8 Form Sensing
459(2)
Further Reading
459(2)
Appendix II.6.2 Artificial Perception
461(4)
Further Reading
462(1)
Appendices -- Part IV
463(2)
Appendix IV.8.1 `The Classical Orders'
465(8)
IV.8.1.1 The Orders
465(2)
IV.8.1.2 Tuscan
467(1)
IV.8.1.3 Doric
467(1)
IV.8.1.4 Ionic
467(1)
IV.8.1.5 Corinthian
467(1)
IV.8.1.6 Composite
468(1)
IV.8.1.7 Entasis
469(1)
IV.8.1.8 Composition
469(1)
IV.8.1.9 Language -- Elements of Architecture
470(3)
Further Reading
471(1)
Photos
471(2)
Appendix IV.8.2 Aesthetic Judgement and Beauty
473(12)
IV.8.2.1 Utility and Delight
473(1)
IV.8.2.2 Qualities
473(1)
IV.8.2.3 Beauty
474(1)
IV.8.2.4 Assessment of Beauty
475(1)
IV.8.2.5 Interest and State of `Disinterestedness'
476(1)
IV.8.2.6 Form and Elegance
476(2)
IV.8.2.7 Aesthetic Theories and Self-Conscious Design
478(1)
IV.8.2.8 Sense of Beauty as Described in Different Eras
478(7)
Further Reading
481(2)
Appendices -- Part V
483(2)
Appendix V.9.1 Design Methods -- Comparative Historical Design Approaches and Pedagogy
485(20)
V.9.1.1 Classical Design
486(1)
V.9.1.2 Renaissance Design
486(1)
V.9.1.3 European Design Methods
487(4)
V.9.1.4 Modern International Design Methods
491(2)
V.9.1.5 Purist Design
493(3)
V.9.1.6 Rational Geometric Design
496(1)
V.9.1.7 Organicist Design
497(3)
V.9.1.8 Modern Design Methods and Systems Approach
500(2)
V.9.1.9 Generative Computerised Design
502(3)
Further Reading
504(1)
Appendix V.10.1 Pattern Language -- Design and Human Needs (Illustration)
505(6)
Further Reading
508(1)
Appendices -- Part VI
509(2)
Appendix VI.13.1 Decoration -- Patterns, Features, Motifs and Geometries of Repeating Elements
511(14)
VI.13.1.1 Decoration -- Materials, Methods and Techniques
511(1)
VI.13.1.2 Features
512(1)
VI.13.1.3 Pattern Groups -- Floral, Figurative, Geometric and Representational
512(2)
VI.13.1.4 Pattern Arrangements -- Lattices, Powdering, Borders and Features
514(3)
VI.13.1.5 Emergent Forms
517(4)
VI.13.1.6 Special Motifs and Symbols
521(4)
Further Reading
524(1)
Appendix VI.13.2 Ornament in Earlier Times and Historic Era
525(1)
VI.13.2.1 Antiquity
525(1)
VI.13.2.2 Mediaeval
526(1)
VI.13.2.3 The Renaissance
527(1)
VI.13.2.4 Recent
527(2)
VI.13.2.5 `General principles in the arrangement of form and colour in architecture and the decorative arts', -- The Grammar of Ornament -- Owen Jones
529(2)
VI.13.2.6 Moresque Principles of Ornament -- Owen Jones
531(6)
Further Reading
534(1)
Appendices -- Part VIII
535(2)
Appendix VIII.19.1 Building Materials and House Types in Vernacular Britain
537(16)
VIII.19.1.1 Walling
537(3)
VIII.19.1.2 Roofing
540(2)
VIII.19.1.3 Types -- Plan and Section
542(11)
Further Reading
546(1)
Photos
547(6)
Appendix VIII.19.2 Building Elements and Features
553(12)
VIII.19.2.1 Floors, Walls and Ceilings
553(1)
VIII.19.2.2 Windows and Doors
554(1)
VIII.19.2.3 Mouldings
554(1)
VIII. 19.2.4 Assembly
555(10)
Further Reading
555(1)
Photos
556(9)
Appendix VIII.19.3 Architectural Styles, Periods and Practitioners
565(4)
VIII.19.3.1 Western Architecture
565(1)
VIII.19.3.2 Religious Periods
566(1)
VIII. 19.3.3 Composition Methods -- Theorists and Key Practitioners by Era
567(2)
Appendix VIII.19.4 Historic Ecclesiastic and Civic Buildings; Geometric Modern and Iconic Modern US Buildings
569(26)
VIII.19.4.1 Historic Ecclesiastical Buildings
569(2)
VIII.19.4.2 Historic Civic Buildings
571(10)
Photos
574(7)
VIII.19.4.3 Modern Geometric Buildings
581(7)
VIII.19.4.4 Modern Iconic Tower Buildings
588(7)
Appendices -- Part IX
593(2)
Appendix IX.20.1 Urban Places
595(6)
IX.20.1.1 Urban City Form -- Historic Places
595(3)
IX.20.1.2 Modern 20th Century Places
598(3)
Appendix IX.20.2 Sustaining Principles
601(1)
IX.20.2.1 `Ten Theses on Architecture' -- Rob Krier
601(1)
IX.20.2.2 `Ten Principles on Which We Can Build' -- HRH The Prince of Wales
602(1)
IX.20.2.3 `The Hannover Principles' -- Expo 2000 World Fair, William McDonough
603(1)
IX.20.2.4 `One Planet -- Living Communities Programme'
604(1)
IX.20.2.5 Biophilic Design Principles
605(6)
Further Reading
610(1)
Appendix IX.20.3 Urban Settlement Models and Patterns
611(1)
IX.20.3.1 Urban Form and Use Types
611(2)
IX.20.3.2 Urban Layout Principles
613(1)
IX.20.3.3 Organising Features
614(2)
IX.20.3.4 Building Form Types
616(1)
Index 617
NIGEL C. LEWIS is a designer initially trained at Arup, and he has been responsible for and involved in the planning, design, development and project management of major buildings and infrastructure projects worldwide. He holds a Master of City Planning (MCP) from the University of Pennsylvania, Master of Arts (MA Oxon) in Engineering Science & Economics and is a Chartered Engineer and Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Member of the Royal Town Planning Institute, and Member of the American Institute of Certified Planners.