Acknowledgments |
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ix | |
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xi | |
Romanization |
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xiii | |
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xv | |
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xvii | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction and theoretical preliminaries |
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1 | (34) |
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1 | (9) |
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1.1.1 Typology of Cantonese |
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3 | (4) |
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1.1.2 Studies on Cantonese particles |
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7 | (3) |
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1.2 Research on grammaticalization in China and the West |
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10 | (12) |
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1.2.1 A brief history of grammaticalization |
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10 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Typical features associated with grammaticalization |
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12 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Grammaticalization studies on Western European languages |
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14 | (2) |
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1.2.4 The unidirectionality principle |
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16 | (2) |
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1.2.5 Grammaticalization studies in Chinese |
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18 | (4) |
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22 | (9) |
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1.3.1 Early Cantonese materials |
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23 | (5) |
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28 | (2) |
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1.3.3 The HKCanCor corpus |
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30 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Cantonese dictionaries |
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30 | (1) |
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1.4 Goals of the present study |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Directional particles in Cantonese |
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35 | (24) |
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35 | (1) |
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2.2 Directional particles: Form, function, and grammaticalization |
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35 | (2) |
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2.3 More about directional particles |
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37 | (22) |
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2.3.1 A `particle'? A `complement'?! |
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37 | (5) |
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2.3.2 Complex directional complement |
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42 | (3) |
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2.3.3 Directional use and resultative use |
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45 | (3) |
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2.3.4 The verb-particle construction |
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48 | (5) |
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2.3.5 Monosyllabic preference |
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53 | (6) |
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Chapter 3 Mechanisms in grammaticalization: Semantic-pragmatic perspectives |
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59 | (28) |
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59 | (1) |
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3.2 Metaphorical extension |
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60 | (9) |
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3.2.1 The importance of an image schema |
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61 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Metaphor as the first and most common mechanism |
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63 | (6) |
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69 | (7) |
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3.3.1 The notion of `implicature' |
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70 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Pragmatic implicature in grammaticalization |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (9) |
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3.4.1 Subjectivity and subjectification in grammaticalization |
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77 | (4) |
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3.4.2 Tests for subjectification in the grammaticalization of Cantonese directional particles |
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81 | (4) |
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85 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Metaphor: The fundamental mechanism |
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87 | (28) |
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87 | (1) |
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4.2 Lai4 `come' and heoi3 go' |
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87 | (12) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (9) |
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4.3 Ceot1 `move out' and jap6 `move into' |
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99 | (7) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (5) |
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106 | (9) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (7) |
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Chapter 5 Pragmatic enrichment: A context-based mechanism |
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115 | (34) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (16) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (11) |
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5.2.3 Pragmatic enrichment of the notion `worthiness' |
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128 | (3) |
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5.3 Hei2 `raise (something) up' |
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131 | (18) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (4) |
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5.3.3 Pragmatic enrichment of the notion completion' |
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136 | (13) |
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Chapter 6 Subjectification-. A. mechanism leading to stancemarking |
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149 | (58) |
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149 | (1) |
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6.2 Soeng5 `ascend' and lok6 `descend' |
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150 | (15) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (12) |
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6.3 Hoil `move away' and maai4 `move towards' |
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165 | (23) |
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168 | (7) |
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6.3.2 Maai4 `move towards' |
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175 | (13) |
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188 | (13) |
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190 | (2) |
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6.4.2 The pragmatic implicature of `should/ought to' |
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192 | (2) |
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6.4.3 Subjectification of faan1 -- expression of the speaker's positive evaluation |
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194 | (7) |
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6.5 A note on `asymmetry' in grammaticalization |
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201 | (6) |
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Chapter 7 Conclusion and future research |
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207 | (8) |
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7.1 Summary and major findings |
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207 | (3) |
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7.2 Contributions and typological significance |
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210 | (2) |
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7.3 Trends and future studies |
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212 | (3) |
References |
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215 | (16) |
Appendix |
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231 | (6) |
Index |
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237 | |