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E-raamat: Directional Particles in Cantonese: Form, function, and grammaticalization

(The Hong Kong Baptist University)
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This book is the first on Cantonese that deals with the grammaticalization phenomenon systematically. Focusing on a group of twelve directional particles, this book tracks their grammaticalization pathways from full-fledged directional verbs, to directional particles indicating meanings relating to tense-aspect, modality, and quantification, in the post-verbal position. Some of these particles have undergone further grammaticalization to convey speaker’s subjective as well as intersubjective stances.
This book is also unique in its diachronic component. Examples in the book are drawn from various sources including early Cantonese pedagogical texts, Cantonese films, and contemporary Cantonese corpora, with data ranging from the mid-nineteenth century to the present. This book will be a valuable resource not only for all linguists interested in the development of grammatical forms, but also for teachers and students in conversation/discourse analysis, psychology, and anthropology interested in deepening their understanding of the interaction between language structure and use.

Arvustused

Chors book is an excellent academic work, which is a must-read for scholars with an interest in Chinese language and grammaticalisation. -- Dániel Z. Kádár, Dalian University of Foreign Languages / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics / University of Maribor, in Journal of Historical Pragmatics 24:2 (2023).

Acknowledgments ix
List of abbreviations
xi
Romanization xiii
List of tables
xv
List of diagrams
xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction and theoretical preliminaries
1(34)
1.1 Preamble
1(9)
1.1.1 Typology of Cantonese
3(4)
1.1.2 Studies on Cantonese particles
7(3)
1.2 Research on grammaticalization in China and the West
10(12)
1.2.1 A brief history of grammaticalization
10(2)
1.2.2 Typical features associated with grammaticalization
12(2)
1.2.3 Grammaticalization studies on Western European languages
14(2)
1.2.4 The unidirectionality principle
16(2)
1.2.5 Grammaticalization studies in Chinese
18(4)
1.3 Data and approach
22(9)
1.3.1 Early Cantonese materials
23(5)
1.3.2 Cantonese films
28(2)
1.3.3 The HKCanCor corpus
30(1)
1.3.4 Cantonese dictionaries
30(1)
1.4 Goals of the present study
31(1)
1.5 Outline of chapters
32(3)
Chapter 2 Directional particles in Cantonese
35(24)
2.1 Introduction
35(1)
2.2 Directional particles: Form, function, and grammaticalization
35(2)
2.3 More about directional particles
37(22)
2.3.1 A `particle'? A `complement'?!
37(5)
2.3.2 Complex directional complement
42(3)
2.3.3 Directional use and resultative use
45(3)
2.3.4 The verb-particle construction
48(5)
2.3.5 Monosyllabic preference
53(6)
Chapter 3 Mechanisms in grammaticalization: Semantic-pragmatic perspectives
59(28)
3.1 Introduction
59(1)
3.2 Metaphorical extension
60(9)
3.2.1 The importance of an image schema
61(2)
3.2.2 Metaphor as the first and most common mechanism
63(6)
3.3 Pragmatic enrichment
69(7)
3.3.1 The notion of `implicature'
70(3)
3.3.2 Pragmatic implicature in grammaticalization
73(3)
3.4 Subjectification
76(9)
3.4.1 Subjectivity and subjectification in grammaticalization
77(4)
3.4.2 Tests for subjectification in the grammaticalization of Cantonese directional particles
81(4)
3.5 Conclusion
85(2)
Chapter 4 Metaphor: The fundamental mechanism
87(28)
4.1 Introduction
87(1)
4.2 Lai4 `come' and heoi3 go'
87(12)
4.2.1 Directional uses
89(1)
4.2.2 Metaphorical uses
90(9)
4.3 Ceot1 `move out' and jap6 `move into'
99(7)
4.3.1 Directional uses
100(1)
4.3.2 Metaphorical uses
101(5)
4.4 Dou3 `arrive'
106(9)
4.4.1 Directional uses
107(1)
4.4.2 Metaphorical uses
108(7)
Chapter 5 Pragmatic enrichment: A context-based mechanism
115(34)
5.1 Introduction
115(1)
5.2 Gwo3 `move across'
115(16)
5.2.1 Directional uses
116(1)
5.2.2 Metaphorical uses
117(11)
5.2.3 Pragmatic enrichment of the notion `worthiness'
128(3)
5.3 Hei2 `raise (something) up'
131(18)
5.3.1 Directional uses
132(1)
5.3.2 Metaphorical uses
132(4)
5.3.3 Pragmatic enrichment of the notion completion'
136(13)
Chapter 6 Subjectification-. A. mechanism leading to stancemarking
149(58)
6.1 Introduction
149(1)
6.2 Soeng5 `ascend' and lok6 `descend'
150(15)
6.2.1 Soeng5 `ascend'
151(2)
6.2.2 Lok6 `descend'
153(12)
6.3 Hoil `move away' and maai4 `move towards'
165(23)
6.3.1 Hoil `move away'
168(7)
6.3.2 Maai4 `move towards'
175(13)
6.4 Faan1 `move back'
188(13)
6.4.1 Metaphorical uses
190(2)
6.4.2 The pragmatic implicature of `should/ought to'
192(2)
6.4.3 Subjectification of faan1 -- expression of the speaker's positive evaluation
194(7)
6.5 A note on `asymmetry' in grammaticalization
201(6)
Chapter 7 Conclusion and future research
207(8)
7.1 Summary and major findings
207(3)
7.2 Contributions and typological significance
210(2)
7.3 Trends and future studies
212(3)
References 215(16)
Appendix 231(6)
Index 237