Acknowledgments |
|
v | |
Abbreviations and notational conventions |
|
xi | |
|
|
1 | (3) |
|
2 Creole genesis and syllable structure |
|
|
4 | (10) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
2.2 Sources of creole structure and mechanisms in creolisation |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
2.3 Creolisation and syllable structure |
|
|
5 | (3) |
|
2.4 Theories of syllable structure |
|
|
8 | (5) |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
|
14 | (31) |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
3.2 Selection of creole languages |
|
|
14 | (3) |
|
3.3 The Creoles and their historical background |
|
|
17 | (7) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (5) |
|
3.4.1 Source texts for the Dutch-based Creoles |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
3.4.2 Source texts for the English-based Creoles |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
3.4.3 Source texts for the French-based Creoles |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
3.4.4 The resulting corpora |
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
3.5 Identification of etyma |
|
|
29 | (5) |
|
3.5.1 The main lexifier varieties |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
3.5.2 Cognate words and the choice of etymon |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
3.5.3 Historical and variational aspects in etymon pronunciation |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
3.6 Data coding and analytical procedure |
|
|
34 | (9) |
|
3.6.1 Coding of structural variables |
|
|
35 | (3) |
|
3.6.2 Coding of process variables |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
3.6.3 Processes not considered in the analyses |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (3) |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
4 Syllable structure and phonotactic restructuring in the Dutch-based creoles |
|
|
45 | (71) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (2) |
|
4.3 Methodological issues |
|
|
47 | (5) |
|
4.4 Results I: Berbice Dutch |
|
|
52 | (34) |
|
4.4.1 Word-initial onsets in Berbice Dutch |
|
|
52 | (13) |
|
4.4.2 Word-final codas in Berbice Dutch |
|
|
65 | (13) |
|
4.4.3 Word-internal structures in Berbice Dutch |
|
|
78 | (8) |
|
4.4.4 Summary: Berbice Dutch |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.5 Results II: Negerhollands |
|
|
86 | (28) |
|
4.5.1 Word-initial onsets in Negerhollands |
|
|
87 | (9) |
|
4.5.2 Word-final codas in Negerhollands |
|
|
96 | (11) |
|
4.5.3 Word-internal structures in Negerhollands |
|
|
107 | (6) |
|
4.5.4 Summary: Negerhollands |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
4.6 Comparison: Berbice Dutch vs. Negerhollands |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
5 Syllable structure and phonotactic restructuring in the English-based creoles |
|
|
116 | (58) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
5.3 Methodological issues |
|
|
118 | (3) |
|
5.4 Results I: Early Saramaccan |
|
|
121 | (31) |
|
5.4.1 Word-initial onsets in Early Saramaccan |
|
|
122 | (9) |
|
5.4.2 Word-final codas in Early Saramaccan |
|
|
131 | (12) |
|
5.4.3 Word-internal structures in Early Saramaccan |
|
|
143 | (8) |
|
5.4.4 Summary: Early Saramaccan |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
5.5 Results II: Early St Kitts |
|
|
152 | (20) |
|
5.5.1 Word-initial onsets in Early St Kitts |
|
|
152 | (7) |
|
5.5.2 Word-final codas in Early St Kitts |
|
|
159 | (7) |
|
5.5.3 Word-internal structures in Early St Kitts |
|
|
166 | (5) |
|
5.5.4 Summary: Early St Kitts |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
5.6 Comparison: Early Saramaccan vs. Early St Kitts |
|
|
172 | (2) |
|
6 Syllable structure and phonotactic restructuring in the French-based creoles |
|
|
174 | (58) |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
6.3 Methodological issues |
|
|
176 | (5) |
|
6.4 Results I: Guiana French Creole |
|
|
181 | (20) |
|
6.4.1 Word-initial onsets in Guiana FC |
|
|
181 | (7) |
|
6.4.2 Word-final consonants in Guiana FC |
|
|
188 | (7) |
|
6.4.3 Word-internal structures in Guiana FC |
|
|
195 | (5) |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
6.5 Results II: Trinidad French Creole |
|
|
201 | (28) |
|
6.5.1 Word-initial onsets in Trinidad FC |
|
|
202 | (8) |
|
6.5.2 Word-final consonants in Trinidad FC |
|
|
210 | (10) |
|
6.5.3 Word-internal structures in Trinidad FC |
|
|
220 | (8) |
|
6.5.4 Summary: Trinidad FC |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
6.6 Comparison: Guiana FC vs. Trinidad FC |
|
|
229 | (3) |
|
7 Syllable structure in the six Creoles: Similarities and differences |
|
|
232 | (22) |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
7.2 Cross-creole similarities and differences in syllable types |
|
|
232 | (3) |
|
7.3 Cross-creole similarities and differences in restructuring rates |
|
|
235 | (9) |
|
7.3.1 Retention and restructuring of word-initial structures |
|
|
236 | (2) |
|
7.3.2 Retention and restructuring of word-final structures |
|
|
238 | (3) |
|
7.3.3 Retention and restructuring of word-internal structures |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
7.3.4 Summary: Comparison of restructuring rates |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
7.4 Cross-creole similarities and differences in targets of restructuring |
|
|
244 | (8) |
|
7.4.1 Targets of restructuring among word-initial structures-245 |
|
|
|
7.4.2 Targets of restructuring among word-final structures |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
7.4.3 Targets of restructuring among word-internal structures |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
7.4.4 Summary: Comparison of targets of restructuring |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
7.5 Summary: Cross-creole comparison |
|
|
252 | (2) |
|
8 Explaining creole phonotactic restructuring |
|
|
254 | (55) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
8.2 Two approaches to the emergence of creole phonology |
|
|
255 | (7) |
|
8.3 Substrate syllable structure |
|
|
262 | (3) |
|
8.4 Testing SLA approaches to creolisation |
|
|
265 | (40) |
|
8.4.1 Mechanisms in creolisation: Berbice Dutch |
|
|
269 | (3) |
|
8.4.2 Mechanisms in creolisation: Negerhollands |
|
|
272 | (3) |
|
8.4.3 Mechanisms in creolisation: Early Saramaccan |
|
|
275 | (4) |
|
8.4.4 Mechanisms in creolisation: Early St Kitts |
|
|
279 | (2) |
|
8.4.5 Mechanisms in creolisation: Guiana French Creole |
|
|
281 | (3) |
|
8.4.6 Mechanisms in creolisation: Trinidad French Creole |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
8.4.7 Mechanisms in creolisation: The overall picture |
|
|
286 | (8) |
|
8.4.8 Similarities and differences across Creoles: What causes the observed patterns? |
|
|
294 | (2) |
|
8.4.9 Creole phonotactic restructuring: What motivates repair choices? |
|
|
296 | (8) |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
8.5 Creole syllable structure in phonological theory: previous approaches and future challenges |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (3) |
|
9 Creole syllable structure: A final assessment |
|
|
309 | (6) |
Bibliography |
|
315 | |