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E-raamat: Evo-Devo of Child Growth: Treatise on Child Growth and Human Evolution

(Israel Institute of Technology, Israel)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Oct-2011
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118156124
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Oct-2011
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118156124
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Working with principles from the fields of evolutionary and developmental biology (evo-devo), this fascinating work offers a new approach to analyzing child growth and development, examining each stage and transition in detail, from fetal development to preadulthood. Based on the author's in-depth review of the current literature and his own observations as a pediatric endocrinologist, the book demonstrates how the transitions between human life history phases represent unique periods of evolutionary adaptive response to the environment. In addition, the author explains why an understanding of these transition periods enables us to better understand the sequence and mechanisms of child growth as well as to better diagnose child growth disorders.

Logically organized and clearly written, Evo-Devo of Child Growth:





Sets a solid foundation of principles such as evolutionary thinking in medicine and child growth, life history theory, and heterochrony and allometry



Examines the relationship between child growth and the theory of life history



Applies evo-devo theory to fetal growth, infancy, childhood, juvenility, adolescence, and preadulthood



Explores the trade-offs and adaptive phenotypic plasticity during transition periods



Explains the role of life history theory in understanding and diagnosing growth disorders such as Down syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and Silver-Russell syndrome





In addition to the author's own analysis and observations, this book also features notes from leading clinicians and evolutionary biologists, offering additional perspectives on the relationship between evo-devo and child growth and development.

Evo-Devo of Child Growth provides a new perspective for evolutionary biologists to understand the phases and transitions of child growth. Moreover, it offers a new approach to help clinicians to better understand and diagnose a broad range of child growth disorders.

Arvustused

 It will be a valuable addition to the libraries of medical schools that have added evolutionary biology to their curricula.  (The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1 June 2013)

You would certainly understand the process better after reading this treatise, and maybe it may help you develop your own concepts of this fascinating phenomenon.  (European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology, 2012)

 

Preface xi
1 Introduction
1(10)
A Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine
1(1)
B Evo-Devo
2(2)
C Life-History Theory
4(1)
D Evolutionary Perspective in Child Growth and Maturation
5(3)
E Child Growth and the Environment
8(1)
F Heterochrony and Allometry
9(1)
G Adaptive Plasticity in Life History
10(1)
2 Child Growth and the Theory of Life History
11(42)
A Life-History Stages
13(4)
B Transitions Between Life-History Stages
17(2)
C Developmental Plasticity and Adaptation
19(8)
D Cultural Adaptation To the Environment
27(1)
E Adaptive Plasticity of Attachment Behaviors
28(1)
F Note by George Chrousos on Stress in Early Life: A Developmental and Evolutionary Perspective
29(11)
1 Stress Concepts
30(1)
2 Stress Mechanisms
31(5)
3 Pathological Effects of Stress
36(4)
G Note by Stefan Bornstein and Andreas Androutsellis-Theotokis on Endogenous Stem Cells as Components of Plasticity and Adaptation
40(13)
1 The Adult Mammalian Brain: Plastic or Rigid?
43(1)
2 Hidden Plasticity Potential in the Brain
43(2)
3 Neurogenic Cell vs. Neural Stem Cell
45(1)
4 Does the Role of Neural Stem Cells Change from the Developing Ago to the Adult?
46(2)
5 The Disconnect Between Neurogenesis and the Presence of Neural Stem Cells
48(1)
6 Fetal vs. Adult Neural Stem Cells
48(1)
7 Signal Transduction of Stem Cell Regulation
49(1)
8 Beyond the Nervous System
50(1)
9 Conclusions
51(2)
3 Fetal Growth
53(14)
A Endocrine and Metabolic Control of Fetal Growth
53(1)
B The Role of the Placenta
54(1)
C Developmental Origins of Health and Adult Disease (DOHaD)
55(2)
D Imprinted Genes and Intrauterine Growth
57(1)
E Note by Alan Templeton on the Evolutionary Connection Between Senescence and Childhood Growth and Development
58(9)
1 An Evolutionary Theory of Aging
58(3)
2 Thrifty Genotypes and Antagonistic Pleiotropy
61(3)
3 Thrifty Genotypes and Heart Disease
64(1)
4 Why We Grow Old: The Answer
65(2)
4 Infancy
67(24)
A The Reproductive Dilemma
68(1)
B The Obstetrical Dilemma
68(6)
C Growth of the Infant
74(2)
D Endocrine Aspects of Infantile Growth
76(1)
E Infancy-Childhood Transition: Determination of Adult Stature
77(9)
F Weaning from Breast-Feeding
86(5)
5 Childhood
91(5)
A The Weanling's Dilemma
91(2)
B The Grandmother Theory
93(1)
C Growth of the Child
94(1)
D Endocrine Aspects of Childhood Growth
95(1)
6 Juvenility
96(19)
A The Social/Cognitive Definition of Juvenility
97(1)
B Paleoanthropological Juvenility and Teeth Eruption
98(1)
C Adrenarche
98(3)
D Juvenile Body Composition
101(4)
E Growth of the Juvenile
105(2)
F Trade-Offs for the Timing of Transition to Juvenility
107(2)
G Precocious Juvenility
109(2)
H The Pygmy Paradigm for Precocious Juvenility
111(2)
I Evolutionary Perspective in Precocious Juvenility
113(2)
7 Adolescence
115(12)
A Human Evolution of Adolescence
117(2)
B Transition from Juvenility to Adolescence
119(5)
C Pubertal Growth
124(3)
8 Youth
127(4)
9 Evolutionary Strategies for Body Size
131(12)
A The Little People of Flores
135(1)
B Lessons from the Great Apes
136(1)
C The Handicap Theory
136(1)
D Sexual Dimorphism
137(4)
E The Role of Sex Steroids
141(2)
10 Energy Considerations
143(6)
A Endocrine Control of Energy Expenditure
146(1)
B Weaning and Growth in a Malnourished Environment
147(2)
11 Stage Transitions: Trade-Offs and Adaptive Phenotypic Plasticity
149(30)
A Transgenerational Influences in Life-Stage Transition
152(1)
B Epigenetics and Life-History Stage Transitions
153(5)
C Note by Ken Ong on Population Genetics and Child Growth and Maturation
158(7)
1 Genetic Adaptation
158(1)
2 The Genetic Epidemiology of Child Growth and Maturation
159(1)
3 Basic Principles and Heritability Estimates from Twin Studies
159(1)
4 More Complex Heritability Models
160(1)
5 Heritability Is Dependent Upon the Setting
160(1)
6 Essential Genes for Childhood Growth and Maturation
161(1)
7 Common Genetic Variants for Childhood Growth and Maturation
161(1)
8 GWAS Findings Lead to New Biology
162(1)
9 GWAS Findings Lead to New Phenotypic Understanding
163(1)
10 Genetic Adaptations for Childhood Growth and Maturation
164(1)
11 Conclusions
165(1)
D Note by Moshe Szyf on the DNA Methylation Pattern as a Molecular Link Between Early Childhood and Adult Health
165(14)
1 Introduction
166(1)
2 DNA Methylation Patterns and Their Roles in Cellular Differentiation and Gene Expression
167(6)
3 DNA Methylation as a Genome Adaptation Mechanism
173(1)
4 Epigenetic Programming by the Early Life Social Environment
174(2)
5 Genome and System-Wide Impact of Early Life Adversity
176(1)
6 Prospective and Summary
177(2)
12 Life History Theory in Understanding Growth Disorders
179(8)
A Down Syndrome
180(3)
B Noonan's Syndrome
183(1)
C Silver-Russell Syndrome
183(1)
D Additional Cases
184(3)
13 When the Packages Disintegrate
187(3)
14 Concluding Remarks
190(4)
References 194(30)
Index 224
Dr. Ze'ev Hochberg, MD, PhD, is a practicing pediatric endocrinologist at the Rambam Medical Center and a professor of pediatric and endocrinology at the Technion Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel. A former president of the prestigeous European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Hochberg is currently Editor-in-Chief of the series Yearbook of Pediatric Endocrinology, and the Series Editor of Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Subspecialties. He has over 35 years of experience writing for publication, with works including monographs, books, and over 220 peer-reviewed?basic scientific and clinical?articles.