| Preface |
|
xi | |
|
|
|
1 | (10) |
|
A Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
D Evolutionary Perspective in Child Growth and Maturation |
|
|
5 | (3) |
|
E Child Growth and the Environment |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
F Heterochrony and Allometry |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
G Adaptive Plasticity in Life History |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
2 Child Growth and the Theory of Life History |
|
|
11 | (42) |
|
|
|
13 | (4) |
|
B Transitions Between Life-History Stages |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
C Developmental Plasticity and Adaptation |
|
|
19 | (8) |
|
D Cultural Adaptation To the Environment |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
E Adaptive Plasticity of Attachment Behaviors |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
F Note by George Chrousos on Stress in Early Life: A Developmental and Evolutionary Perspective |
|
|
29 | (11) |
|
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
|
31 | (5) |
|
3 Pathological Effects of Stress |
|
|
36 | (4) |
|
G Note by Stefan Bornstein and Andreas Androutsellis-Theotokis on Endogenous Stem Cells as Components of Plasticity and Adaptation |
|
|
40 | (13) |
|
1 The Adult Mammalian Brain: Plastic or Rigid? |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
2 Hidden Plasticity Potential in the Brain |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
3 Neurogenic Cell vs. Neural Stem Cell |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
4 Does the Role of Neural Stem Cells Change from the Developing Ago to the Adult? |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
5 The Disconnect Between Neurogenesis and the Presence of Neural Stem Cells |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
6 Fetal vs. Adult Neural Stem Cells |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
7 Signal Transduction of Stem Cell Regulation |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
8 Beyond the Nervous System |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
|
|
53 | (14) |
|
A Endocrine and Metabolic Control of Fetal Growth |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
B The Role of the Placenta |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
C Developmental Origins of Health and Adult Disease (DOHaD) |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
D Imprinted Genes and Intrauterine Growth |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
E Note by Alan Templeton on the Evolutionary Connection Between Senescence and Childhood Growth and Development |
|
|
58 | (9) |
|
1 An Evolutionary Theory of Aging |
|
|
58 | (3) |
|
2 Thrifty Genotypes and Antagonistic Pleiotropy |
|
|
61 | (3) |
|
3 Thrifty Genotypes and Heart Disease |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
4 Why We Grow Old: The Answer |
|
|
65 | (2) |
|
|
|
67 | (24) |
|
A The Reproductive Dilemma |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
B The Obstetrical Dilemma |
|
|
68 | (6) |
|
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
D Endocrine Aspects of Infantile Growth |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
E Infancy-Childhood Transition: Determination of Adult Stature |
|
|
77 | (9) |
|
F Weaning from Breast-Feeding |
|
|
86 | (5) |
|
|
|
91 | (5) |
|
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
D Endocrine Aspects of Childhood Growth |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
96 | (19) |
|
A The Social/Cognitive Definition of Juvenility |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
B Paleoanthropological Juvenility and Teeth Eruption |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
|
98 | (3) |
|
D Juvenile Body Composition |
|
|
101 | (4) |
|
|
|
105 | (2) |
|
F Trade-Offs for the Timing of Transition to Juvenility |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
H The Pygmy Paradigm for Precocious Juvenility |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
I Evolutionary Perspective in Precocious Juvenility |
|
|
113 | (2) |
|
|
|
115 | (12) |
|
A Human Evolution of Adolescence |
|
|
117 | (2) |
|
B Transition from Juvenility to Adolescence |
|
|
119 | (5) |
|
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
|
|
127 | (4) |
|
9 Evolutionary Strategies for Body Size |
|
|
131 | (12) |
|
A The Little People of Flores |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
B Lessons from the Great Apes |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
|
137 | (4) |
|
E The Role of Sex Steroids |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
|
|
143 | (6) |
|
A Endocrine Control of Energy Expenditure |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
B Weaning and Growth in a Malnourished Environment |
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
11 Stage Transitions: Trade-Offs and Adaptive Phenotypic Plasticity |
|
|
149 | (30) |
|
A Transgenerational Influences in Life-Stage Transition |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
B Epigenetics and Life-History Stage Transitions |
|
|
153 | (5) |
|
C Note by Ken Ong on Population Genetics and Child Growth and Maturation |
|
|
158 | (7) |
|
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
2 The Genetic Epidemiology of Child Growth and Maturation |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
3 Basic Principles and Heritability Estimates from Twin Studies |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
4 More Complex Heritability Models |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
5 Heritability Is Dependent Upon the Setting |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
6 Essential Genes for Childhood Growth and Maturation |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
7 Common Genetic Variants for Childhood Growth and Maturation |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
8 GWAS Findings Lead to New Biology |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
9 GWAS Findings Lead to New Phenotypic Understanding |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
10 Genetic Adaptations for Childhood Growth and Maturation |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
D Note by Moshe Szyf on the DNA Methylation Pattern as a Molecular Link Between Early Childhood and Adult Health |
|
|
165 | (14) |
|
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
2 DNA Methylation Patterns and Their Roles in Cellular Differentiation and Gene Expression |
|
|
167 | (6) |
|
3 DNA Methylation as a Genome Adaptation Mechanism |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
4 Epigenetic Programming by the Early Life Social Environment |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
5 Genome and System-Wide Impact of Early Life Adversity |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
6 Prospective and Summary |
|
|
177 | (2) |
|
12 Life History Theory in Understanding Growth Disorders |
|
|
179 | (8) |
|
|
|
180 | (3) |
|
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
C Silver-Russell Syndrome |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
|
184 | (3) |
|
13 When the Packages Disintegrate |
|
|
187 | (3) |
|
|
|
190 | (4) |
| References |
|
194 | (30) |
| Index |
|
224 | |