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E-raamat: Fundamental Aspects of Ultrathin Dielectrics on Si-based Devices

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Papers from an August 1997 workshop report on recent progress on the atomic-scale physical, chemical, and electrical understanding of ultrathin dielectric films on silicon-based materials, and identify directions for future basic research in the field. Material is divided into sections on experimental studies of SiO2 films on Si, the theory of SiO2/Si and SiOxNy/Si systems, growth mechanism and analysis of (oxy)nitridation, initial oxidation and surface science issues, microscopic models of defects, new substrates and SOI technologies, and hydrogen/deuterium issues. No index. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

An extrapolation of ULSI scaling trends indicates that minimum feature sizes below 0.1 mu and gate thicknesses of <3 nm will be required in the near future. Given the importance of ultrathin gate dielectrics, well-focused basic scientific research and aggressive development programs must continue on the silicon oxide, oxynitride, and high K materials on silicon systems, especially in the critical, ultrathin 1-3 nm regime. The main thrust of the present book is a review, at the nano and atomic scale, the complex scientific issues related to the use of ultrathin dielectrics in next-generation Si-based devices. The contributing authors are leading scientists, drawn from academic, industrial and government laboratories throughout the world, and representing such backgrounds as basic and applied physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, surface science, and materials science.
Audience: Both expert scientists and engineers who wish to keep up with cutting edge research, and new students who wish to learn more about the exciting basic research issues relevant to next-generation device technology.

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Springer Book Archives
Preface ix Introduction Ultrathin dielectrics in silicon microelectronics - an overview 1(24) L.C. Feldman E.P. Gusev E. Garfunkel Section
1. Recent advances in experimental studies of SiO2 films on Si Study of the Si/SiO2 interface using positrons: present status and prospects 25(14) J.M.M. de Nijs M. Clement Medium energy ion scattering studies of silicon oxidation and oxynitridation 39(10) E. Garfunkel E.P. Gusev H.C. Lu T. Gustafsson M.L. Green Synchrotron and conventional photoemission studies of oxides and N2O oxynitrides 49(16) Z.-H. Lu Stress in the SiO2/Si structures formed by thermal oxidation 65(14) A. Szekeres Section
2. Theory of the SiO2/Si and SiOxNy/Si systems Modeling the oxide and the oxidation process: can silicon oxidation be solved? 79(10) A.M. Stoneham C.J. Sofield Core-level shifts in Si(001)-SiO2 systems: the value of first-principle investigations 89(14) A. Pasquarello M.S. Hybertsen G.-M. Rignanese R. Car A simple model for the chemical nature of bonds at the Si-SiO2 interface and its influence on the electronic properties of MOS devices 103(14) H.Z. Massoud Chemical perspectives on growth and properties of ultrathin SiO2 layers 117(14) G.F. Cerofolini N. Re A theoretical model of the Si/SiO2 interface 131(16) A. Markovits C. Minot Section 3: Growth mechanism, processing, and analysis of (oxy)nitridation Spatially-selective incorporation of bonded-nitrogen into ultra-thin gate dielectrics by low-temperature plasma-assisted processing 147(18) G. Lucovsky Isotopic labeling studies of oxynitridation in nitric oxide (NO) of Si and SiO2 165(16) I. Trimaille J.-J. Ganem L.G. Gosset S. Rigo I.J.R. Baumvol F.C. Stedile F. Rochet G. Dufour F. Jolly Thermal routes to ultrathin oxynitrides 181(10) M.L. Green D. Brasen L.C. Feldman E. Garfunkel E.P. Gusev T. Gustafsson W.N. Lennard H.C. Lu T. Sorsch Nitrogen in ultra thin dielectrics 191(26) H.B. Harrison H.-F. Li S. Dimitrijev P. Tanner Endurance of EEPROM-cells using ultrathin NO and NH3 nitrided tunnel oxides 217(10) A. Mattheus A. Gschwandtner G. Innertsberger A. Grassl A. Talg Effects of the surface deposition of nitrogen on the oxidation of silicon 227(14) T.D.M. Salgado I.J.R. Baumvol C. Radtke C. Krug F.C. Stedile Section 4: Initial oxidation and surface science issues Surface, interface and valence band of ultra-thin silicon oxides 241(16) T. Hattori Low temperature ultrathin dielectrics on silicon and silicon carbide surfaces: from the atomic scale to interface formation 257(20) P.G. Soukiassian Interaction of O2 and N2O with Si during the early stages of oxide formation 277(12) A.A. Shklyaev Scanning tunneling microscopy on oxide and oxynitride formation, growth and etching of Si surfaces 289(20) H. Neddermeyer T. Doege E. Harazim R. Kliese A. Kraus R. Kulla M. Mitte B. Rottger The interaction of oxygen with Si(100) in the vicinity of the oxide nucleation treshold 309(6) V.D. Borman V.I. Troyan Yu.Yu. Lebedinski Section 5: Electrical properties and microscopic models of defects Tunneling transport and reliability evaluation in extremely thin gate oxides 315(10) M. Hirose Y. Mizubayashi K. Morino M. Fukuda S. Miyazaki Electrical defects at the SiO2/Si interface studied by EPR 325(10) J.H. Stathis Towards atomic scale understanding of defects and traps in oxide/nitride/oxide and oxynitride systems 335(8) V.A. Gritsenko A new model of photoelectric phenomena in MOS structures: outline and applications 343(16) H.M. Przewlocki Point defect generation during Si oxidation and oxynitridation 359(16) C. Tsamis D. Tsoukalas Optically induced switching in bistable structures: heavily doped n+ - polysilicon - tunnel oxide layer - n - silicon 375(8) V.Yu. Osipov Heterojunction Al/SiO2/n-Si device as an Auger transistor 383(8) E.V. Ostroumova A.A. Rogachev Radiation induced behavior in MOS devices 391(6) V.V. Emelianov G.I. Zebrev O.V. Meshurov A.V. Sogoyan R.G. Useinov Section 6: Hydrogen/Deuterium issues Hydrogenous species and charge defects in the Si-SiO2 system 397(14) E.H. Poindexter C.F. Young G.J. Gerardi The role of hydrogen in the formation, reactivity and stability of silicon (oxy)nitride films 411(14) F.H.P.M. Habraken E.H.C. Ullersma W.M. Arnoldbik A.E.T. Kuiper Hydrogen-induced donor states in the MOS-system: hole traps, slow states and interface states 425(6) J.M.M. de Nijs K.G. Druijf V.V. Afanasev Section 7: New substrates (SiC, SiGe) and SOI technologies Future trends in SiC-based microelectronic devices 431(16) A.A. Lebedev V.E. Chelnokov The initial phases of SiC-SiO2 interface formation by low-temperature (300°C) remote plasma-assisted oxidation of Si and C faces on flat and vicinal 6H SiC 447(14) G. Lucovsky H. Niimi Challenges in the oxidation of strained SiGe layers 461(16) V. Craciun J.-Y. Zhang I.W. Boyd The current status and future trends of SIMOX/SOI, new technological applications of the SiC/SOI system 477(16) J. Stoemenos Local tunnel emission assisted by inclusions contained in buried oxides 493(10) L. Meda G.F. Cerofolini Appendix Authors index 503(2) List of workshop participants 505