Summary |
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1 | (2) |
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1 Radio Frequency Regulation For The Scientific Services |
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3 | (13) |
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1.1 Frequency Protection Goals for the Scientific Services |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Regulatory Structures |
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4 | (4) |
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1.3 Radio Astronomy Service |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4 Earth Exploration Satellite Service |
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8 | (1) |
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1.5 Other Scientific Services |
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9 | (2) |
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1.5.1 The Meteorological Satellite Service and Meteorological Aids Service |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5.2 The Space Research and Space Operations Services |
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10 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Frequency, Time, and Position Systems |
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10 | (1) |
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1.6 The Economic Value of the Science Services |
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11 | (5) |
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1.6.1 Investments in Infrastructure |
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11 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Technologies and Techniques Developed from Radio Astronomy |
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11 | (1) |
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1.6.3 The Value of Satellite Remote Sensing |
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12 | (2) |
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1.6.4 Education for Scientific Literacy |
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14 | (2) |
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2 Scientific Background: Radio Astronomy Service |
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16 | (36) |
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2.1 Introduction and Overview |
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16 | (11) |
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2.1.1 Types of Radio Emission: Radio Continuum |
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17 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Types of Radio Emission: Spectral Lines |
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19 | (4) |
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2.1.3 Atmospheric Windows and Frequency Bands for Radio Astronomy |
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23 | (4) |
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2.2 The Solar System and Extrasolar Planets |
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27 | (7) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Comets and Asteroids |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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2.2.7 Prebiotic Chemical Evolution |
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34 | (1) |
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2.2.8 The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence |
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34 | (1) |
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2.3 The Milky Way and Other Galaxies |
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34 | (10) |
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2.3.1 The Interstellar Medium: Neutral and Ionized Atomic Gas |
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35 | (1) |
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2.3.2 The Interstellar Medium: Cold Molecular Gas |
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35 | (2) |
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2.3.3 The Interstellar Medium: Dust |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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2.3.6 Stars and Stellar Processes |
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39 | (1) |
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2.3.7 Pulsars and Gravitational Waves |
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39 | (1) |
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2.3.8 Galactic Structure and Dark Matter |
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40 | (1) |
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2.3.9 Extragalactic Distance Estimates |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (3) |
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2.4.1 Radio Galaxies, Quasars, and Active Galactic Nuclei |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Cosmic Magnegtic Fields |
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46 | (1) |
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2.5 Cosmology and Structure of the Universe |
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47 | (5) |
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2.5.1 Cosmic Microwave Background |
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47 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Dark Energy, Dark Matter, and Cosmic Evolution |
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48 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Clusters of Galaxies |
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49 | (1) |
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2.5.4 Galaxies in the Early Universe |
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49 | (1) |
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2.5.5 Epoch of Re-ionization |
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49 | (3) |
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3 Scientific Background: Earth Exploration Satellite Service |
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52 | (34) |
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52 | (6) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (11) |
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3.2.1 Temperature Profiling |
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59 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Water Vapor Profiling |
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59 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Integrated Precipitable Water |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (3) |
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3.2.5 Atmospheric Chemistry |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (2) |
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3.3 Terrestrial Hydrology |
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69 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (6) |
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3.4.1 Glaciers and Ice Sheets |
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72 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Sea Ice and Icebergs |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (5) |
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3.5.1 Sea Surface Temperatures |
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78 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Sea Surface Salinity |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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3.6 Solid Earth and Biosphere |
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82 | (4) |
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3.6.1 Surface Dynamics and Deformation |
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83 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Agricultural Productivity |
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83 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Terrestrial Carbon Storage |
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84 | (2) |
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4 Technical Aspects Of Protection For The Scientific Use Of The Radio Spectrum |
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86 | (17) |
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4.1 Radio Frequency Interference |
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87 | (5) |
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4.1.1 Radio Astronomy Considerations |
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87 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Remote Sensing Considerations |
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88 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Out-of-Band and Spurious Signals |
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89 | (1) |
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4.1.4 Percentage of Time Lost to Interference |
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90 | (2) |
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4.2 Separation of Incompatible Services |
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92 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Geographic Separation |
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92 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Spectral Separation |
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95 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Temporal Separation |
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95 | (1) |
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4.3 Mitigation Techniques for Radio Astronomy |
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96 | (3) |
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4.3.1 Advanced Modulation |
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97 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Filtering in Radio Astronomy Receivers |
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97 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Filtering in Transmitters |
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97 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Transmitter Beam Shaping |
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98 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Interferometric Excision |
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98 | (1) |
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4.4 Mitigation Techniques for Passive Remote Sensing |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Digitization and Signal Excision |
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99 | (1) |
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4.5 Goals for Additional Protection |
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100 | (3) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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4.5.3 New Frequencies of Interest |
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101 | (1) |
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4.5.4 Dynamic Scheduling and Access Coordination |
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101 | (2) |
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5 Science Service Allocations |
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103 | (128) |
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231 | (3) |
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B IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar Bands |
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234 | (3) |
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C International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Below 300 GHz |
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237 | (4) |
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D International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Between 300 and 1000 GHz |
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241 | (3) |
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E International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz |
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244 | (13) |
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F Use of 0 dBi for Sidelobe Gain in Calculations of Interference in Radio Astronomy Bands |
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257 | (2) |
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G Selected Rules and Regulations of the Federal Communications Commission |
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259 | (1) |
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H Selected Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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260 | |