| Preface |
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xxi | |
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xxv | |
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Definitions and Experimental Approach |
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1 | (28) |
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Thermal transformations of solids |
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1 | (1) |
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Classification of transformations |
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2 | (4) |
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Transformation without formation of a new solid phase |
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3 | (1) |
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Transformation with formation of a new solid phase |
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4 | (2) |
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Speed and rate of reaction |
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6 | (4) |
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6 | (2) |
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Fractional extent and rate of a reaction |
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8 | (1) |
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Volumes of the phases and coefficient of expansion of the reaction |
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8 | (2) |
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Reaction zones of a transformation |
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10 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Chemical characterizations |
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12 | (1) |
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Analyses of the gas phases |
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13 | (1) |
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Elementary analyses of the solids |
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13 | (1) |
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Structural characterizations of the solids |
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13 | (1) |
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Textural characterizations of the solids |
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14 | (3) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Characterization of the evolution of the systems |
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17 | (9) |
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Curves of evolution: definitions |
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17 | (1) |
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Curves of evolution: experimental obtaining |
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17 | (6) |
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Curves of evolution: obtained laws |
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23 | (3) |
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Influence of various variables on speed |
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26 | (3) |
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26 | (1) |
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Influence of partial pressures of gases |
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27 | (1) |
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Influence of the shapes and sizes of solid particles |
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27 | (2) |
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The Real Solid: Structure Elements and Quasi-Chemical Reactions |
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29 | (30) |
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Structure elements of a solid |
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30 | (5) |
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Definition of a structure element |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Symbolic notation of structure elements |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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Description and composition of a solid |
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33 | (2) |
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Structure elements of a stoichiometric binary solid |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Structure elements of a non-stoichiometric binary solid |
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36 | (8) |
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Distance from stoichiometry and structure element |
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37 | (2) |
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The approximation of Wagner of the prevalent defect for ionic solids |
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39 | (5) |
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More complex binary compounds |
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44 | (1) |
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Extension to non-binary compounds |
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44 | (2) |
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The pseudo-binary approximation |
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44 | (1) |
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Generalization of the approximation of the prevalent defect |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (7) |
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Definition and characteristics of quasi-chemical reactions |
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46 | (1) |
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Homogenous quasi-chemical reactions in the solid |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (2) |
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Reactions of solid destruction |
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52 | (1) |
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Introduction of foreign elements into a solid |
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53 | (6) |
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Concepts of impurity and doping agent |
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53 | (1) |
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The controlled atomic imperfection in stoichiometric solids |
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54 | (1) |
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The controlled electronic imperfection in non-stoichiometric solids |
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55 | (1) |
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Concept of induced valence |
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56 | (3) |
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Thermodynamics of Heterogenous Systems |
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59 | (46) |
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Introduction: aims of thermodynamics |
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59 | (1) |
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General survey of thermodynamics of equilibrium |
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60 | (9) |
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Chemical potential of a component in a phase |
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60 | (4) |
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Variance of a system at equilibrium |
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64 | (1) |
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Associated extensive properties of a transformation, partial molar properties |
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64 | (2) |
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Chemical potential of an ion or a structure element |
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66 | (1) |
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Feasibility of chemical reactions: De Donder inequality |
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67 | (1) |
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Law of mass action for equilibriums |
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68 | (1) |
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Phenomena leading to solid-gas equilibriums |
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69 | (2) |
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Systems with variance p - 1 |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Systems with variance p + 1 |
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71 | (1) |
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Thermodynamic approach of solid-gas systems |
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71 | (5) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (2) |
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Thermodynamics of systems containing solid phases only |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Specific study of quasi-chemical equilibriums |
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77 | (8) |
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Equilibrium between an oxide and oxygen: the Wagner prevalent defect approximation |
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78 | (1) |
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General equilibrium of an oxide with oxygen in the Brouwer approximation of majority defects |
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79 | (3) |
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Doping a solid with foreign elements: quantitative aspect |
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82 | (3) |
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Thermodynamics of systems: water vapor-hydrated salts |
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85 | (8) |
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Experimental approach of equilibriums between water vapor and hydrated salts |
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85 | (2) |
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Study of the equilibriums with variance 1 |
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87 | (1) |
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Study of hydrates with variance 2 |
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88 | (5) |
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Sequence of transformations, juxtaposition of stability area |
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93 | (3) |
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Equilibrium of the formation of a solid from a solution |
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96 | (4) |
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Solubility product and supersaturation |
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96 | (3) |
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Extension to formation of a real solid |
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99 | (1) |
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Extension to the transformation of a solid into another solid |
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99 | (1) |
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Variations in the equilibrium conditions with sizes of solid phases |
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100 | (5) |
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Variation in equilibrium constant with curvature radii |
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100 | (3) |
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Influence of curvature radii on tension of vapor |
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103 | (1) |
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Influence of curvature radii on point defect concentrations |
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104 | (1) |
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Elementary Steps in Heterogenous Reactions |
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105 | (26) |
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Nature of elementary steps |
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107 | (7) |
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The postulate of the activated jump |
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107 | (3) |
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Voluminal speed of an elementary jump |
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110 | (4) |
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Total voluminal speed of an elementary step |
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114 | (1) |
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Elementary reactions at solid-solid interfaces |
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114 | (8) |
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The phenomenon of epitaxy |
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115 | (1) |
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Creation of an M interstitial cation in MG |
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115 | (2) |
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Creation of a G vacancy anion in MG |
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117 | (2) |
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Consumption of a G interstitial anion of MG |
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119 | (1) |
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Consumption of an M vacancy cation of MG |
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120 | (2) |
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Creation of the point defects created in the initial solid |
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122 | (1) |
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Elementary reactions at gas-solid interfaces |
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122 | (8) |
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Consumption of an M interstitial cation of MG |
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123 | (1) |
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Consumption of a G vacancy anion of MG |
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124 | (2) |
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Creation of a G interstitial anion in MG |
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126 | (2) |
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Creation of and M vacancy cation in MG |
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128 | (2) |
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The apparent energies of activation of interface reactions |
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130 | (1) |
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The areal speed of an interface reaction |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (38) |
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Introduction: nature of diffusing particles in a solid |
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131 | (4) |
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Origin of the diffusion in a solid |
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131 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of diffusion in a solid |
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132 | (3) |
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Flux of diffusion and velocity of diffusing particles |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (14) |
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136 | (4) |
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140 | (2) |
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Expression of the laws of Fick in various axes systems |
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142 | (2) |
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Solutions of the laws of Fick |
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144 | (4) |
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Self-diffusion and diffusion of the associated defect |
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148 | (2) |
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Steady state obstructed diffusion |
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150 | (3) |
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Diffusion under electric field |
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153 | (8) |
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153 | (2) |
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Electric conductivity and diffusion |
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155 | (2) |
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Diffusion in a semiconductor with electronic conduction under null current and without accumulation |
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157 | (4) |
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Diffusion in two mediums separated by a mobile interface |
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161 | (8) |
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161 | (4) |
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165 | (1) |
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Wagner pseudo-steady state approximation |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (26) |
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Defintions: physical adsorption and chemical adsorption |
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169 | (1) |
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Adsorption thermodynamics and chemisorption equilibrium |
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170 | (8) |
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Experimental results on adsorption equilibrium |
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170 | (1) |
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The Langmuir model of chemisorption equilibrium |
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171 | (2) |
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Dissociative adsorption and the Langmuir model |
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173 | (2) |
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Chemisorption of gas mixtures in the Langmuir model |
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175 | (1) |
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Adsorption isotherms that do not follow the Langmuir model |
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176 | (2) |
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Kinetics of chemisorption |
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178 | (3) |
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179 | (1) |
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Role of temperature on the kinetics of adsorption |
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180 | (1) |
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Chemisorption and structure elements |
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181 | (14) |
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Ways of chemisorption modeling |
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182 | (1) |
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The concepts used in the quasi-chemical description of adsorption |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (5) |
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Modifications of the properties of adsorption of a solid |
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191 | (4) |
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Mechanisms and Kinetics of a Process |
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195 | (62) |
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Speeds and reactivities of reactions taking place in only a single zone |
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195 | (6) |
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Voluminal speed in a zone |
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195 | (2) |
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Reactivity of a transformation in a given zone |
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197 | (4) |
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Transformations with several zones |
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201 | (9) |
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Postulate of the decomposition of a reaction in elementary steps |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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Material balance in a reaction zone |
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203 | (2) |
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Setting in the equation of mechanism-example |
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205 | (5) |
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Linear reaction mechanisms |
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210 | (3) |
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Definition and classification of the linear mechanisms |
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210 | (1) |
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Multiplying coefficients of a linear mechanism |
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211 | (2) |
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Linear mechanisms in pseudo-steady state modes |
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213 | (7) |
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213 | (1) |
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Theorem of "the equality of rates" of a linear mechanism in pseudo-steady state modes |
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214 | (3) |
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Relations between various forms of the rates (speed) of reactions with a linear mechanism in pseudo-steady state modes |
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217 | (2) |
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Volumes of the phases and coefficient of expansion of a reaction with a linear mechanism in pseudo-steady state modes |
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219 | (1) |
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Setting in equation of a linear mechanism in pseudo-steady state modes |
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219 | (1) |
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Pure modes or modes with a rate-determining step |
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220 | (14) |
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220 | (1) |
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Theorem of the concentrations in pure mode |
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221 | (4) |
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Reactivity of the rate-determining step in pure mode |
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225 | (1) |
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Application of the method of the pure modes |
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226 | (1) |
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Rate of the reaction in pure modes |
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227 | (1) |
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Examples of resolutions of pure modes |
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228 | (2) |
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Pure modes far from equilibrium |
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230 | (4) |
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234 | (7) |
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Definition: pseudo-steady state mixed modes |
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234 | (1) |
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Solving a pseudo-steady state mixed mode |
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234 | (7) |
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Generalization, rate of a linear mechanism in pseudo-steady state mode |
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241 | (1) |
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Mixed non-pseudo-steady state modes |
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242 | (3) |
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Equivalent reaction of a linear subset in local pseudo-steady state modes |
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245 | (3) |
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Local pseudo-steady state modes |
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245 | (3) |
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Application to the "elementary" steps |
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248 | (1) |
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Reactions with separable rates |
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248 | (2) |
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Influence of intensive variables on the kinetic laws |
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250 | (2) |
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The first kind of changes of laws |
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251 | (1) |
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The second kind changes of laws |
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252 | (1) |
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The third kind changes of laws |
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252 | (1) |
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Distance from equilibrium for a reaction |
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252 | (3) |
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Distance of an elementary step from equilibrium |
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253 | (1) |
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Pseudo-steady state mode with a rate-determining step |
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254 | (1) |
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Processes concerned in a heterogenous reaction |
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255 | (2) |
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Nucleation of a New Solid Phase |
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257 | (52) |
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258 | (1) |
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Examples of nucleation diagram |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (12) |
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Definition of interfacial energy |
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260 | (1) |
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Microscopic interpretation |
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261 | (7) |
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Effective interfacial energy |
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268 | (3) |
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Relation between energy and the interfacial area |
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271 | (1) |
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Formation molar Gibbs energy of clusters |
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272 | (13) |
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272 | (2) |
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Homogenous nucleation within a liquid phase: Volmer approach |
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274 | (3) |
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Homogenous nucleation within a solid phase |
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277 | (1) |
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Heterogenous primary nucleation starting from a fluid phase |
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277 | (5) |
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Heterogenous primary nucleation starting from a solid phase |
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282 | (3) |
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285 | (24) |
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Reaction pathway and localization of the phenomena |
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285 | (4) |
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Rate and frequency of nucleation |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Kinetics of pseudo-steady state modes of condensation |
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291 | (10) |
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Kinetics of pseudo-steady state modes of condensation on potential nuclei |
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301 | (5) |
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Intervention of diffusion in the process of nucleation |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (28) |
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Description of the zones of growth |
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309 | (2) |
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The initial solid is a single reactant |
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310 | (1) |
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The initial solid reacts with another phase |
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311 | (1) |
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Direction of the development of phase B during the growth |
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311 | (1) |
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The initial solid is a single reactant |
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312 | (1) |
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The initial solid reacts with another phase |
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312 | (1) |
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Modes and models for growth |
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312 | (3) |
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Modes of the growth of a crystal of B on support A |
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312 | (2) |
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314 | (1) |
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Relationship between the motion velocities of the interfaces and the chemical growth rate |
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315 | (3) |
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Inward development of formed solid |
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315 | (2) |
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Outward development of the formed solid |
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317 | (1) |
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Methodology to model growth |
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318 | (2) |
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Modeling the space function of growth |
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319 | (1) |
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Modeling the reactivity of growth |
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319 | (1) |
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Expressions of the space functions for the growth of a grain |
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320 | (17) |
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Space functions in isotropic growth |
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320 | (10) |
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Space functions in radial anisotropic growth |
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330 | (5) |
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Introduction of a dimensionless time |
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335 | (2) |
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Transformation by Surface Nucleation and Growth |
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337 | (42) |
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Nucleation, growth, and experimental rate |
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338 | (1) |
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One-process model with instantaneous nucleation and slow growth |
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339 | (8) |
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Reaction of a single grain (or massive material) |
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340 | (2) |
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Case of a monodispersed powder |
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342 | (2) |
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Shapes of kinetic and rate curves |
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344 | (1) |
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One-process model with slow nucleation and instantaneous growth |
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345 | (1) |
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Reaction of a single grain |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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Two-process models: nucleation and growth |
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347 | (4) |
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General expression for the rate |
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347 | (3) |
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Influence of the past on the transformation rate |
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350 | (1) |
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Two-process model with surface nucleation-radial anisotropic growth |
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351 | (10) |
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Reaction of a single grain |
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351 | (1) |
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Construction of the model of evolution of a powder |
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352 | (1) |
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Calculation of the free area (space function) for nucleation |
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353 | (1) |
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Calculation of the rates and the fractional extents according to time |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | (4) |
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Conclusion on the surface nucleation and radial anisotropic growth model |
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361 | (1) |
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Two-process model with surface nucleation and isotropic growth |
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361 | (9) |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (4) |
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Modeling the evolution of a grain |
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365 | (1) |
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Modeling the evolution of a collection of grains |
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366 | (1) |
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Application to the spherical grains: model of Johnson-Mehl and Mampel |
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367 | (3) |
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Non-isobaric and/or non-isothermal kinetics |
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370 | (5) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (3) |
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Powders with granular distributions |
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375 | (1) |
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Return to the first and second kind of changes of laws |
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376 | (1) |
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First kind of changes of laws |
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376 | (1) |
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Second kind of changes of laws |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (28) |
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The adequacy between the experimental conditions and modeling |
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379 | (2) |
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Expressions of experimental speeds |
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381 | (7) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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Measurement of the amounts of solids A with X-ray diffraction |
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384 | (1) |
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Measurement of the amounts of the formed solid B |
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385 | (1) |
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Thickness of the layer of a planar sample of B |
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386 | (1) |
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Relationships between experimental speeds |
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387 | (1) |
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Derivation of the kinetic curves |
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388 | (1) |
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The experimental verification of the assumptions |
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388 | (7) |
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The pseudo-steady state mode test |
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388 | (3) |
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The test of the separable rate or the øE test |
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391 | (4) |
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Determination of the morphological model for growth |
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395 | (3) |
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Choice of the category of models: one-process or two-process model? |
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395 | (1) |
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Determination of the model and its parameters |
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396 | (2) |
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Calculations of the reactivity of growth and the specific frequency of nucleation |
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398 | (1) |
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Variations of the kinetic properties with the intensive variables |
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399 | (3) |
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Determination of the variation in the reactivity of growth starting from the morphological model |
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399 | (1) |
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Direct determination of the variation in the reactivity of growth starting from the experiment |
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399 | (2) |
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Comparison of the two obtained variations: new verification of the morphological model |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (5) |
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Identification of the reaction |
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402 | (1) |
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The separation of the models |
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402 | (2) |
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Methodical approach of a study |
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404 | (3) |
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407 | (42) |
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Qualitative description of the model |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (4) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (2) |
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Relation between the fractional extent and the radius x of the bridge |
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412 | (1) |
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Structure of the coalescence mechanism |
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413 | (3) |
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Transport phenomenon and groups of elementary steps |
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413 | (1) |
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Various kinetic modes with rate-determining steps |
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414 | (1) |
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Definition of the reactivity of coalescence |
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415 | (1) |
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Determination of the space functions |
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416 | (4) |
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Mode with an interface reaction as the rate-determining step |
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417 | (1) |
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Modes with diffusion as rate-determining step |
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418 | (2) |
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Recapitulation of the space functions |
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420 | (1) |
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Rate constants and radius of curvature |
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420 | (3) |
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Reactivity of coalescence of a solid with a single component |
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423 | (13) |
|
Case of vacancies diffusion in the solid |
|
|
423 | (7) |
|
|
|
430 | (5) |
|
Summary of the reactivities |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Extensions to the coalescence of solids with several components |
|
|
436 | (7) |
|
Coalescence of anatase in the presence of water vapor |
|
|
437 | (4) |
|
Coalescence of anatase in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen chloride with or without water vapor |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Coalescence of ceria in presence of oxygen and water vapor |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
Relations between experiments and modeling |
|
|
443 | (5) |
|
Experimental measurement of coalescence |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
Determination of the variations of the reactivity with intensive quantities |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Relation between experiment and space function in the model of tangential spheres |
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
Oswald ripening and reduction in porosity |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Decomposition Reactions of Solids |
|
|
449 | (40) |
|
Classifications of decomposition reactions |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Classification according to the sign of the enthalpy |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Classification according to the origin of the gas molecule |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Extent measurement with the change of the mass |
|
|
451 | (5) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
The produced solid is not stoichiometric |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
The initial solid is not stoichiometric |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
Observed experimental results |
|
|
456 | (6) |
|
Rate-time and extent-time curves |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Influences of the gas pressures |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Non-isothermal decomposition reactions |
|
|
460 | (2) |
|
Kinetics of growth in decomposition reactions of solids |
|
|
462 | (16) |
|
Qualitative analysis of the growth |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Basic growth mechanism with gaseous diffusion |
|
|
464 | (9) |
|
Basic mechanism of growth with diffusions of defects |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
|
475 | (3) |
|
Nucleation in decomposition reactions of solids |
|
|
478 | (6) |
|
Experimental approach of nucleation |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
Example of the dehydration of kaolinite |
|
|
481 | (2) |
|
Nucleation and Smith-Topley's effect |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Influence of the granular distribution |
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
Normal and abnormal growth |
|
|
486 | (3) |
|
|
|
489 | (54) |
|
Classification of the reactions between solids |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
Simple addition reactions |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Addition reactions involving decomposition |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Addition reactions involving a redox reaction |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Exchange reactions or double decompositions |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
The experimental measure of the extent of the reactions |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Reactivities of reactions between solids |
|
|
494 | (14) |
|
Position of the problem and experimental approach |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Structures of the reaction mechanism of growth |
|
|
495 | (10) |
|
Expression of the reactivities, reaction of titanium dioxide with barium carbonate |
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
Rates of the reactions between powders |
|
|
508 | (33) |
|
|
|
508 | (7) |
|
Rates of a two-grain level |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
|
516 | (16) |
|
Rates on the scale of the powder |
|
|
532 | (9) |
|
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
|
|
543 | (60) |
|
Classification of gas-solid reactions |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
Class 1: synthesis reactions |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Class 2: double-decomposition reactions |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
|
|
546 | (39) |
|
Experimental data of oxidation of metals |
|
|
546 | (8) |
|
Reaction zones and elementary reactions |
|
|
554 | (12) |
|
Pure modes with interface rate determining step |
|
|
566 | (3) |
|
|
|
569 | (9) |
|
|
|
578 | (7) |
|
Growth process in the reduction of metallic oxides by hydrogen |
|
|
585 | (11) |
|
Mechanism with diffusion of gases through the pores |
|
|
586 | (5) |
|
Mechanisms with diffusion of defect in the formed solid phase |
|
|
591 | (2) |
|
Conclusion about the reduction of oxides by hydrogen |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Example of the reduction of a uranium oxide |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
Growth process of oxidation of metals by water vapor |
|
|
596 | (7) |
|
General approach of mechanism |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
n-type formed oxide with interstitial cations |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
n-type formed oxide with anion vacancies |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
p-type formed oxide with cation vacancies |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
p-type formed oxide with interstitial anions |
|
|
600 | (3) |
|
Transformations of Solid Solutions |
|
|
603 | (48) |
|
General information on transformations of solid solutions |
|
|
603 | (3) |
|
Various types of transformations of solid solutions |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Variations of concentrations in solid solution |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
Oxidation of metal alloys |
|
|
606 | (34) |
|
Selective oxidation of single-phase binary metal alloys |
|
|
607 | (13) |
|
Internal oxidation of single-phase binary alloys |
|
|
620 | (10) |
|
Oxidation of single-phase binary alloys with miscibility of formed oxides |
|
|
630 | (7) |
|
Oxidation of single-phase binary alloys with formation of two superimposed oxide layers |
|
|
637 | (3) |
|
Variations of the composition of a solid solution with gas formation |
|
|
640 | (8) |
|
Fractional extent and rate |
|
|
640 | (2) |
|
Spatial structure of the model |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
Example: variation of stoichiometry of an oxide by reaction with hydrogen |
|
|
644 | (4) |
|
Superposition of a variation of stoichiometry and decomposition |
|
|
648 | (3) |
|
|
|
651 | (58) |
|
Non-stoichiometry of iron oxide |
|
|
651 | (7) |
|
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
|
652 | (6) |
|
Stability of calcium carbonate |
|
|
658 | (7) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (6) |
|
Thermodynamics of a solid-solid reactions |
|
|
665 | (4) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
|
666 | (3) |
|
|
|
669 | (10) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
|
671 | (8) |
|
Point defects in a metal sulfide |
|
|
679 | (10) |
|
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
|
681 | (8) |
|
Point defects of an alkaline bromide |
|
|
689 | (5) |
|
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
|
689 | (5) |
|
Diffusion of a metal into another metal |
|
|
694 | (7) |
|
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
|
|
695 | (6) |
|
Generation of atmospheres with very low pressures |
|
|
701 | (8) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
|
702 | (7) |
|
Mechanisms and Kinetic Laws |
|
|
709 | (70) |
|
Coalescence of anatase grains |
|
|
709 | (4) |
|
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
|
710 | (3) |
|
Reaction of a cubic sample |
|
|
713 | (10) |
|
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
|
|
715 | (8) |
|
|
|
723 | (9) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (8) |
|
Gas-solid reaction with one-process model |
|
|
732 | (6) |
|
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
|
734 | (4) |
|
The direction of the development of a layer |
|
|
738 | (9) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
|
|
740 | (7) |
|
Mampel modeling by way of the point of inflection |
|
|
747 | (6) |
|
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
|
748 | (5) |
|
Nucleation in a reaction of dehydration |
|
|
753 | (6) |
|
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
|
754 | (5) |
|
Influence of particle size in nucleation-growth approach |
|
|
759 | (8) |
|
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
|
|
760 | (7) |
|
Decomposition with slow nucleation and slow anisotropic growth determined by diffusion |
|
|
767 | (12) |
|
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
|
|
767 | (2) |
|
|
|
769 | (2) |
|
|
|
771 | (8) |
|
Mechanisms and Reactivity |
|
|
779 | (66) |
|
Competition oxidation-volatilization by TGA |
|
|
779 | (4) |
|
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
|
781 | (2) |
|
Controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA) |
|
|
783 | (6) |
|
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
|
|
783 | (2) |
|
|
|
785 | (1) |
|
|
|
785 | (4) |
|
|
|
789 | (5) |
|
|
|
789 | (1) |
|
|
|
790 | (1) |
|
|
|
790 | (1) |
|
|
|
791 | (3) |
|
Oxidation of a metal and some of its alloys |
|
|
794 | (10) |
|
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
|
|
794 | (2) |
|
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
|
797 | (7) |
|
Reduction of octo-oxide of triuranium by dihydrogen |
|
|
804 | (9) |
|
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
|
806 | (7) |
|
|
|
813 | (10) |
|
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
|
|
815 | (8) |
|
Decomposition of a carbonate of a metal |
|
|
823 | (14) |
|
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
|
824 | (13) |
|
Reaction between two solids |
|
|
837 | (8) |
|
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
|
|
839 | (6) |
| Appendix 1 |
|
845 | (2) |
| Appendix 2 |
|
847 | (2) |
| Appendix 3 |
|
849 | (4) |
| Appendix 4 |
|
853 | (8) |
| Appendix 5 |
|
861 | (6) |
| Appendix 6 |
|
867 | (6) |
| Appendix 7 |
|
873 | (2) |
| Appendix 8 |
|
875 | (6) |
| Appendix 9 |
|
881 | (18) |
| Appendix 10 |
|
899 | (12) |
| Appendix 11 |
|
911 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
|
913 | (6) |
| Index |
|
919 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta