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E-raamat: History of Discriminated Buraku Communities in Japan

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Oct-2025
  • Kirjastus: Renaissance Books
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040788950
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Oct-2025
  • Kirjastus: Renaissance Books
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040788950
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At the heart of modern Japan there remains an intractable and divisive social problem with its roots in pre-history, namely the ongoing social discrimination against the D wa communities, otherwise known as Buraku. Their marginalization and isolation within society as a whole remains a veiled yet contested issue. Buraku studies, once largely ignored within Japan’s academia and by scholarly publishers, have developed considerably in the first decades of the twenty-first century, as the extensive bibliographies of both Japanese and English sources provided here clearly demonstrates. The authors of the present study published in Japanese in 2016 and translated here by the Oxford scholar Ian Neary, have been able to incorporate this most recent data. Because of its importance as the first Buraku history based on this new research, a wider readership was always the authors’ principal focus. Yet, it also provides a valuable source book for further study by those wishing to develop their knowledge about the subject from an informed base. This history of the Buraku communities and their antecedents is the first such study to be published in English.

At the heart of modern Japan there remains an intractable and divisive social problem with its roots in pre-history, namely the ongoing social discrimination against the Dowa communities, otherwise known as Buraku. Their marginalization and isolation within society as a whole remains a veiled yet contested issue. Buraku studies, once largely ignored within Japan's academia and by scholarly publishers, have developed considerably in the first decades of the twenty-first century, as the extensive bibliographies of both Japanese and English sources provided here clearly demonstrates. The authors of the present study published in Japanese in 2016 and translated here by the Oxford scholar Ian Neary, have been able to incorporate this most recent data. Because of its importance as the first Buraku history based on this new research, a wider readership was always the authors' principal focus. Yet, it also provides a valuable source book for further study by those wishing to develop their knowledge about the subject from an informed base. This history of the Buraku communities and their antecedents is the first such study to be published in English.
Translator's Preface xix
Ian Neary
Foreword xxi
Teraki Nobuaki
List of Figures xiii
Part I
Chapter 1 Establishment of the Japanese State and the Formation and Transformation of Status
1(7)
Status in the small states of pre-history
1(4)
Status in the Yamato state
5(1)
The creation of the Yamato state and the formation of clans and ranks
6(2)
Chapter 2 Formation of the Ritsuryo State Structure and the Status System
8(16)
The formation of the ritsuro structure
8(1)
The creation of a senmin system beneath the status system of the ritsuro structures
9(1)
Senmin in the ritsuryo system
10(1)
The disruption and dismantling of the ritsuro status system
11(1)
The role played by immigrants and their social position
12(3)
Strategies and attitudes to those living on the islands to the North, the North-east and the South
15(2)
The strengthening of discrimination based on ideas of pollution in the Heian period
17(3)
The origins of occupational discrimination against butchers and leather workers
20(4)
Chapter 3 Formation and Development of Society in the Middle Ages and the Lifestyle and Culture of Discriminated People
24(30)
The structure and development of society in the Middle Ages
24(1)
Features of the status system of the Middle Ages
25(1)
Formation and living conditions of the eta - kiyome, saiku, kawaramono - in the early Middle Ages
26(5)
Hinin of the early Middle Ages and their way of life
31(5)
Sanjo and their lives in the early Middle Ages
36(2)
Transformation of society in the Middle Ages
38(2)
Work and livelihood of the kawaramono: eta, kiyome and saiku in the late Middle Ages
40(6)
The work of hinin, sanjo (shomoji) and their lives in the late Middle Ages
46(2)
Kawata in the era of Warring States (Sengoku Jidai)
48(6)
Chapter 4 Establishment of Kawata and Chori Status - the Buraku of the Early Modern Period
54(27)
Rule of the Toyotomi, the early Tokugawa regime, and the kawata/chori
54(4)
Bakuhan structure of rule and the status system
58(3)
Formation of the kawata and chori - the Buraku of the early modern period
61(5)
Reality of the status regulations of the Edo Period
66(1)
Control of discriminated people and the discrimination policy of the feudal lords in the early Edo Period
67(6)
Occupations of the kawata and chori in the early Edo Period
73(4)
Responsibilities of kawata and chori in the early Edo Period
77(4)
Chapter 5 Discriminated Groups of the Early Modern Period
81(8)
Formation of hinin status groups and their responsibilities
81(2)
Other discriminated groups
83(6)
Chapter 6 Development of Early Modern (Kinsei) Society and Discriminated People
89(14)
Social trends in the mid-Edo period and the discrimination policies used by the Bakufu authorities and feudal lords to control discriminated groups
89(4)
Occupations of the kawata and chori in the mid-Edo period
93(5)
Social context of discriminated people in the mid-Edo period
98(2)
Religion and kawata/chori in the mid-Edo period
100(3)
Chapter 7 Dislocation and Collapse of Early Modern Society and Discriminated People
103(10)
Social trends in late-Edo Japan and discriminated people
103(2)
Changes in the occupations of the kawata and chori in the later Edo Period
105(2)
Demographic change among the discriminated communities and its impact
107(1)
Struggles of discriminated groups and the development of emancipatory thought
108(3)
Discriminated people and social change on the verge of the Restoration - the eve of the liberation edict
111(2)
Part II
Chapter 8 What was the Buraku Problem' in the Modern Period?
113(12)
Questioning society
113(2)
Buraku - discriminated Buraku - Dowa districts
115(2)
The boundaries that replaced status
117(1)
Start of the modern Buraku problem - the Liberation Edict
118(3)
Debate in the Kogisho
121(1)
Promotion by the Minbush
h6
and the Treasury
122(3)
Chapter 9 Signs of Discrimination Invented
125(12)
Maintenance of 'old customs'
125(2)
Rejection of discrimination by the 'Japanese Enlightenment'
127(2)
Freedom, people's rights movement and the 'Buraku problem'
129(2)
New 'signifiers' - hotbeds of poverty, filth and disease
131(2)
The look that says 'different'
133(4)
Chapter 10 Discriminated Buraku are 'Discovered'
137(12)
Excluded from the new village system
137(1)
Barrier of the ie family system that impeded (and impedes) marriage
138(2)
Okura Toro's Biwako (Song of Biwa)
140(2)
How 'one's origins' stand in the way - from Hakai
142(1)
Sweeping away signs of discrimination
143(2)
The start of Buraku improvement policies
145(2)
The 'race' line
147(2)
Chapter 11 Seeking Unification of the Empire
149(14)
Racism and moral training
149(2)
From 'Special Buraku' to 'Buraku of Poor People'
151(1)
Formation of Yamato Doshikai
152(2)
Constructing an Origins Theory for 'Harmonious Reconciliation'
154(2)
Formation of the Imperial Way Society
156(2)
New lands - movement and migration
158(1)
Inversion of ends and means - Yamato Doshikai and Imperial Way Society
159(2)
Enlightenment of ordinary Buraku people
161(2)
Chapter 12 Rice Riots and Racial Equality
163(12)
Emergence of the rice riots
163(2)
A focus of repression
165(1)
Images of the rioters and 'special people'
166(1)
'Compassionate conciliation'
167(2)
Demand for abolition of racial discrimination and discrimination against Burakumin
169(1)
Crushing of the racial origin theories
170(1)
Creation of the Doaikai
171(4)
Chapter 13 Liberation by Our Own Efforts
175(17)
Investigating 'self-awareness'
175(1)
Swallow Association (Tsubamekai) - seeking a discrimination-free society
176(4)
Recovery of pride - the formation of the national Suiheisha
180(1)
The Suiheisha Declaration
181(2)
Experiences of discrimination mount up
183(2)
Women of the Buraku - patience and submission
185(2)
Formation of the women's Suiheisha
187(1)
The Hyongpyongsa and Kaiheisha
188(4)
Chapter 14 Liberation or Conciliation?
192(12)
Aiming for socialism
192(1)
Reactions to the Suiheisha - the Serada village incident
193(2)
The 'same' proletarian class?
195(2)
Stubborn defence of 'Buraku' consciousness
197(2)
From the Central Social Project Council Regional Improvement Division to the Central Project Council
199(2)
A moral movement or an economic movement?
201(3)
Chapter 15 'National Unity' and its Contradictions
204(17)
Economic problems rise to the surface
204(1)
Suiheisha dissolution theory and its modification
205(3)
Joining the nation
208(3)
Onset of total war in China and the wartime collaboration of the Suiheisha
211(1)
Subordination of 'National Unity' to the 'Building of a Greater East Asia'
212(1)
Start of Yuwa education
213(2)
Implications of race - minzoku
215(1)
Discrimination as unpatriotic activity
216(1)
IRRA and the formation of Dowa Hokokai
217(1)
'Resource regulation projects' and migration to Manchuria
218(1)
Extinction of the Dowa movement
219(2)
Chapter 16 Post-war Reforms and the Re-launch of the Buraku Liberation Movement
221(16)
Formation of the Buraku National Liberation Committee (BNLC)
221(2)
Against the Emperor System
223(1)
'As long as there are aristocrats there will be outcastes'
224(2)
Discrimination Buraku get left behind
226(1)
Requesting a national policy - the formation of BLL
227(4)
Women rise up
231(2)
Creation of the National Dowa Education Research Association
233(4)
Chapter 17 Making Citizens: Becoming Citizens
237(13)
Making citizens
237(1)
Acknowledging the state's responsibility - the Dotaishin
238(2)
New limits
240(2)
Sayama Incident
242(1)
BLL grows and broadens
243(4)
The 'alley' swindle - the tree country and root country
247(3)
Chapter 18 : Absorption and Exclusion into 'Civil Society'
250(9)
Dawa policy - re-examination of the BLL
250(2)
What are 'Burakumin'?
252(1)
Talking of 'pride'
253(3)
Minority group solidarity
256(1)
From Dowa to human rights - the end of the Special Measures Law
257(2)
Chapter 19 Looking at the Buraku Problem Now
259(8)
Recent opinion poll data
259(1)
Retrograde step or negation?
260(4)
Looking at 'civil society'
264(1)
Acquiring an understanding of universal human rights
265(2)
Afterword 267(2)
Bibliography 269(20)
Index 289
Teraki Nobuaki(Momoyama Gakuin) and Kurokawa Midori(Shizuoka University). Translated by Ian Neary(Oxford University).