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1 | (10) |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (7) |
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2 Hydrogen - Fundamentals |
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11 | (70) |
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2.1 Hydrogen Phase Diagram |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2 Hydrogen in Comparison with Other Fuels |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (37) |
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2.3.1 Reforming Processes in Combination with Fossil Fuels (Coal, Natural Gas, and Mineral Oil) |
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18 | (1) |
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2.3.1.1 Steam Reforming of Natural Gas |
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19 | (1) |
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2.3.1.2 Partial Oxidation and Autothermal Reforming of Hydrocarbons |
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20 | (1) |
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2.3.1.3 HyPr-RING Method to Produce Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons |
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21 | (2) |
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2.3.1.4 Plasma-Assisted Production of Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons |
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23 | (2) |
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2.3.1.5 Coal Gasification |
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25 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Water-Splitting Processes (Hydrogen from Water) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.3.2.1 Electrolysis of Water with Electricity from Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Sources (Low-Temperature Water Splitting) |
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27 | (6) |
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2.3.2.2 Different Types of Electrolyzers |
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33 | (9) |
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2.3.2.3 High-Temperature Water Splitting in Combination with High-Temperature Nuclear Energy and Solar Energy |
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42 | (3) |
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2.3.3 Hydrogen from Biomass |
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45 | (2) |
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2.3.3.1 Thermochemical Processes |
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47 | (1) |
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2.3.3.2 Biological Processes |
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47 | (3) |
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2.3.4 Hydrogen from Aluminum |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
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2.4 Hydrogen Storage Safety Aspects |
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53 | (28) |
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2.4.1 Hydrogen Properties Related to Safety |
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55 | (6) |
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2.4.2 Selected Incidents with Hydrogen |
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61 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Human Health Impact |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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2.4.5 Regulations, Codes, and Standards (RCS) |
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63 | (2) |
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2.4.6 Safely Aspects in the Hydrogen Chain from Production to the User |
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65 | (1) |
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2.4.6.1 Hydrogen Production |
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66 | (1) |
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2.4.6.2 Hydrogen Refuelling Stations |
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67 | (1) |
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2.4.6.3 Storage/Transportation (Compressed/Liquid/Metal Hydride) |
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68 | (2) |
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2.4.6.4 Garage for Repairing Cars |
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70 | (1) |
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2.4.7 Safety Aspects of Hydrogen Vehicles |
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70 | (3) |
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2.4.8 Safe Removal of Hydrogen |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (8) |
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3 Hydrogen Application: Infrastructural Requirements |
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81 | (16) |
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81 | (5) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (3) |
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92 | (1) |
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3.6 Infrastructure Requirements |
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93 | (4) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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4 Storage of Pure Hydrogen in Different States |
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97 | (74) |
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4.1 Purification of Hydrogen |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (16) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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4.2.2.1 Mechanical Compressors |
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100 | (1) |
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4.2.2.2 Nonmechanical Compressor |
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101 | (5) |
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106 | (1) |
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4.2.3.1 Hydrogen Embrittlement |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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4.2.3.3 Hydrogen Permeation |
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107 | (1) |
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4.2.3.4 Used Structural Materials |
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108 | (1) |
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4.2.3.5 Used Materials for Sealing and Liners |
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109 | (1) |
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4.2.3.6 High Pressure Metal Hydride Storage Tank |
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109 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Sensors, Instrumentation |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.2.6.1 Storage in Underground |
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111 | (1) |
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4.2.6.2 Road and Rail Transportation |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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4.3 Liquid/Slush Hydrogen |
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114 | (17) |
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114 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Ortho Para Conversion |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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4.3.3.4 Joule-Brayton Cycle |
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118 | (1) |
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4.3.3.5 Magnetic Liquefaction |
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118 | (2) |
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4.3.3.6 Thermoacoustic Liquefaction |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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4.3.5.1 Zero Boil-Off Solutions |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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4.3.7 Sensors, Instrumentation |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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4.3.8.2 Sea Transportation |
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126 | (1) |
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4.3.8.3 Road and Rail Transportation |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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4.3.8.7 Solar Power Plants |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (40) |
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4.4.1 Classical Metal Hydrides |
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135 | (1) |
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4.4.1.1 Intermetallic Hydrides (Heavy Metal Hydrides) |
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135 | (2) |
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4.4.1.2 Magnesium-Based Hydrides |
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137 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Light Metal Complex Hydrides |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (4) |
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4.4.2.2 Amides-Imides (Li3N-Li2NH-LiNH2) |
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143 | (3) |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (14) |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (5) |
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171 | (26) |
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171 | (1) |
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5.2 Materials and Properties |
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172 | (1) |
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5.3 Hydrogen Storage in Hydrocarbons |
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173 | (4) |
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5.4 Hydrocarbons as Hydrogen Carrier |
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177 | (1) |
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5.5 Application: Automotive |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (10) |
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181 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Application Areas of Ammonia |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (1) |
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5.6.3.1 Production from Nitrogen and Hydrogen |
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184 | (1) |
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5.6.3.2 Production from Silicon Nitride |
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184 | (1) |
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5.6.4 Methods for Storing Ammonia |
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185 | (1) |
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5.6.4.1 Liquid Dry Ammonia |
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185 | (1) |
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5.6.4.2 Solid-State Ammonia Storage |
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185 | (1) |
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5.6.5 Use of Ammonia as Fuel in High-Temperature Fuel Cells |
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186 | (1) |
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5.6.6 Hydrogen from Ammonia |
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187 | (1) |
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5.6.6.1 Ammonia Electrolysis |
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187 | (1) |
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5.6.6.2 Catalytic Decomposition |
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187 | (2) |
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5.6.7 Hydrogen from Ammonia and Metal Hydride |
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189 | (1) |
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5.6.8 Energetic Consideration |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (6) |
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191 | (1) |
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5.7.1.1 Direct Use of Sodium Borohydride as Fuel in a PEM-Based Fuel Cell |
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191 | (1) |
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5.7.1.2 Hydrogen Generation by Hydrolytic Release |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (3) |
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6 Hydrogen Storage Options: Comparison |
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197 | (28) |
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6.1 Economic Considerations/Costs |
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197 | (3) |
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200 | (9) |
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6.2.1 Safety Rules and Regulations |
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200 | (5) |
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205 | (4) |
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6.3 Environmental Considerations: Waste, Hazardous Materials |
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209 | (3) |
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6.4 Dimension Considerations |
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212 | (4) |
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6.5 Sociological Considerations |
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216 | (2) |
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6.6 Comparison with Other Energy Storage System |
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218 | (7) |
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222 | (3) |
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225 | (24) |
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7.1 Silicon and Hydropolysilane (HPS) |
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225 | (3) |
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7.2 Carbon-Based Materials - General |
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228 | (11) |
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7.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNT), Activated Carbon (AC), Graphite Nanofibers |
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229 | (4) |
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7.2.2 Other High-Surface Area Materials |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) |
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235 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Covalent Organic Frameworks (COF) |
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236 | (3) |
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239 | (10) |
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7.3.1 Methods for Discharging |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (3) |
| Index |
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249 | |