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E-raamat: Image-Guided Therapy Systems

Shahram Vaezy, Vesna Zderic

Formaat: 442 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2009
Kirjastus: Artech House Publishers
ISBN-13: 9781596931107

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Formaat: 442 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2009
Kirjastus: Artech House Publishers
ISBN-13: 9781596931107

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This highly illustrated book/CD-ROM provides a global survey of the field of biomedical image-guided therapy. Part I offers a historical view of interventional medicine and conventional surgery, from ancient times to future directions, and surveys basics of medical imaging, with material on ultrasound, ionizing radiation, magnetic resonance imaging, and combinations of imaging modalities. Part II details various image-guided therapeutic modalities, such as lasers, radio frequency ablation, cryotherapy, videoscopic-guided therapy systems, gamma knife radiosurgery, and ultrasound-mediated drug and gene delivery. Part III demonstrates the integration of imaging and therapy to develop image-guided therapy systems, with material on 3D visualization, optical coherence tomography, image-guided needle-based procedures, robotic technology, and socioeconomic benefits of image-guided therapies. Numerous b&w photos and diagnostic images appear on every page. The CD-ROM contains high-resolution and color versions of many of the images in the book. Vaezy teaches in the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Washington. Zderic teaches in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at George Washington University. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Preface

PART I Introduction Diagnosis and Therapy

(58)

Diagnosis and Therapy: History, Current Status, and Future Directions

(14)

Ancient Times

(3)

Renaissance

(1)

Open Surgery in Modern Times

(4)

Image-Guided Minimally Invasive and Noninvasive Therapies

(7)

References

(1)

Medical Imaging

(42)

Ultrasound

(6)

Fundamental Ultrasound

(1)

Doppler Ultrasound

(1)

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound

(2)

New Technologies for Guidance

(2)

Imaging Methods Using Ionizing Radiation

(15)

Conventional Radiography

(3)

Computed Tomography

(9)

Nuclear Medicine

(2)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

(8)

Conventional MRI

(3)

Functional MRI

(4)

Combination of Imaging Modalities

(12)

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography

(1)

CT Myelography

(1)

MR Arthrography

(1)

Fusion Imaging

(3)

References

(6)

PART II Interventional Therapy Modalities

(168)

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgery and Intraluminal Endoscopy: Videoscopic-Guided Therapy Systems

(14)

Minimally Invasive Surgery

(11)

Origins of MIS

(3)

MIS---A System for Surgical Therapy

(5)

Integration of the MIS System: The MIS Operating Suite

(2)

Current-Day MIS: Its Uses and Limitations

(1)

Intraluminal Flexible Endoscopy

(1)

Origin of Intraluminal Endoscopy

(1)

Diagnostic Flexible Endoscopy

(1)

Future Directions: Videoendoscopic-Guided Therapy

(1)

References

(1)

Image-Guided Radiation Therapy: From Concept to Practice

(22)

Therapeutic Ratio (TR)

(1)

Targeting

(4)

Radiography

(1)

Computerized Tomography (CT)

(1)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

(1)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

(1)

Ultrasonography (US)

(2)

Methods of Delivering IGRT

(5)

Setup Uncertainties

(4)

Delivery of IGRT

(5)

Adaptive Versus Integrated IGRT Systems

(1)

Treating Moving Targets

(1)

Megavolt Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (MVCBCT) System

(1)

Kilovoltage Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (KVCBCT) System

(2)

Quality Assurance (QA) for IGRT Systems

(3)

Safety Checks

(1)

Geometric Accuracy

(1)

Image Quality

(1)

Image Registration Accuracy

(1)

Dose Computation and Delivery

(2)

Conclusions

(4)

References

(4)

Radiofrequency Ablation

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Biophysics of RF Ablation

(4)

Physics of RF Heating

(3)

Power Control Algorithms

100

(1)

Principles of Thermal Tissue Injury

100

(1)

Cardiac RF Catheter Ablation

101

(3)

Clinical Background

101

(1)

Devices

102

(1)

Comparison of Cardiac RF and Cryo-Ablation

103

(1)

RF Tumor Ablation

104

(4)

Clinical Background

104

(2)

Devices

106

(1)

Current Limitations

106

(1)

Comparison of Tumor RF, Microwave, and Cryo-Ablation

106

(2)

Other Applications of RF Ablation

108

(3)

Endometrial Ablation

108

(1)

Endovascular Ablation

109

(1)

Corneal Ablation

109

(1)

Other Applications

109

(1)

References

109

(2)

Microwave Ablation

111

(10)

Introduction

111

(1)

Physics and Physiology of Microwave Ablation

111

(2)

Current Microwave Ablation Technology

113

(3)

Clinical Applications

116

(2)

Liver Cancer

116

(1)

Lung Cancer

116

(1)

Kidney Cancer

117

(1)

Discussion

118

(3)

References

119

(2)

Lasers and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Imaging and Therapy

121

(24)

Lasers

121

(10)

Definitions

121

(1)

The Characteristics of Laser Light

122

(1)

Types of Lasers

122

(3)

Anatomo-Pathological Features of the Laser-Tissue Interaction (Tissue Injuries)

125

(2)

Laser Surgery with Thermal Lasers: What Are the Advantages over Conventional Surgical Methods?

127

(4)

The Photodynamic Processes

131

(9)

Photodiagnosis/Fluorescence Imaging

131

(4)

Photodynamic Therapy

135

(5)

Conclusion

140

(5)

References

141

(2)

Selected Bibliography

143

(2)

Image-Guided Cryotherapy: An Emphasis on Liver Tumors

145

(16)

Introduction

145

(1)

Cryobiology

146

(2)

Cryotherapy

148

(3)

Historical Aspects

148

(1)

Imaging Modalities for Percutaneous Cryotherapy

148

(1)

MRI-Guided Cryotherapy

149

(2)

Clinical Applications of Cryotherapy

151

(4)

Liver

151

(3)

Kidney

154

(1)

Gynecological Applications in Uterine Fibroids and Breast Cancer

154

(1)

Prostate

155

(1)

Current Status, Limitations, and Future Aspects

155

(6)

References

156

(5)

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

161

(16)

History of the Gamma Knife Development

161

(3)

Mechanical Design of the Perfexion

164

(3)

Treatment Planning

167

(1)

Principles

167

(1)

Treatment Planning with the Perfexion

168

(1)

Clinical Data

168

(5)

Principles of Radiosurgery Dose Selection and Prediction of Outcome

169

(1)

Benign Tumors

170

(1)

Malignant Tumors

171

(2)

Functional Disorders

173

(1)

Conclusion

173

(4)

References

173

(4)

Ultrasound Mediated Drug and Gene Delivery

177

(20)

Introduction

177

(1)

Ultrasound Mechanisms for Enhancing Drug and Gene Delivery

178

(2)

Heat Generation

178

(1)

Acoustic Cavitation

179

(1)

Acoustic Radiation Forces

180

(1)

Applications

180

(10)

Sonophoresis

180

(1)

Blood Brain Barrier Disruption

181

(1)

Thrombolysis

182

(1)

Gene Delivery

182

(4)

Remote Activation/Deployment of Drugs and Genes

186

(4)

Conclusion

190

(7)

Acknowledgments

190

(1)

References

190

(7)

Therapeutic Hyperthermia

197

(30)

Introduction

197

(1)

Types of Hyperthermia

198

(5)

Local Hyperthermia

199

(1)

Regional Hyperthermia

200

(2)

Whole-Body Hyperthermia (WBH)

202

(1)

Extracellular Hyperthermia

202

(1)

Hyperthermia Devices

203

(7)

Techniques

203

(2)

External RF Applicators

205

(2)

Radiative EM Devices

207

(1)

Interstitial and Intracavitary Devices

208

(1)

Nanotechnology-Based Hyperthermia

209

(1)

Hyperthermia with Other Modalities

210

(2)

Hyperthermia and Radiation

211

(1)

Hyperthermia and Chemotherapy

211

(1)

Hyperthermia and Radiochemotherapy

212

(1)

Dosimetry for Hyperthermia

212

(4)

Modeling Power Deposition

212

(2)

Thermal Modeling

214

(2)

Imaging Techniques

216

(6)

Ultrasound

216

(2)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

218

(1)

Microwave Radiometric Imaging

219

(1)

Terahertz Technology

220

(2)

Concluding Remarks

222

(5)

References

224

(3)

PART III Image-Guided Therapy

227

(196)

Image-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound

229

(18)

Basic Principles

229

(4)

Ultrasound Principles

230

(1)

Mechanisms of Bioeffects

231

(1)

Transducers and Ultrasound Fields

231

(2)

Treatment Approach and Systems

233

(3)

MRI Guidance

233

(1)

Ultrasound

234

(2)

Applications

236

(3)

Solid Tumors

236

(3)

Other Applications

239

(1)

Future Developments and Trends

239

(8)

Technical Developments

239

(1)

Devloping Applications

240

(1)

References

241

(6)

Visualization and Guidance

247

(34)

Background

247

(1)

3D Visualization

248

(12)

3D Coordinate System

249

(1)

3D Medical Imaging

249

(1)

3D Reconstruction

249

(3)

3D Image Display

252

(8)

3D Guidance

260

(21)

Stereotactics

260

(2)

Spatial Tracking Systems

262

(2)

Registration

264

(6)

Devices for Display of 3D Data

270

(3)

Systems and Applications

273

(2)

References

275

(6)

Optical Coherence Tomography

281

(14)

Introduction

281

(1)

OCT System Configuration

281

(4)

OCT Light Sources

282

(1)

Interferometer Configurations

282

(2)

Beam Scanning Techniques

284

(1)

System Specifications

285

(1)

Resolution---Axial and Lateral

285

(1)

SNR

286

(1)

Imaging Depths

286

(1)

Current Applications of OCT

286

(3)

Ophthalmology

286

(1)

Intra-Arterial Imaging

287

(1)

Endoscopic Imaging

288

(1)

New Directions

289

(2)

3D OCT

289

(1)

Computer-Aided Diagnosis

290

(1)

Guiding Surgery with OCT

290

(1)

Summary

291

(4)

References

291

(4)

Advanced Cardiac Imaging for Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Arrhythmias

295

(28)

Fluorescence Imaging of Cardiac Tissue

296

(10)

Transmembrance Potential Imaging

297

(1)

Intracellular Calcium Transient Imaging

298

(1)

NADH Imaging

299

(2)

Dual Imaging of the Same Field of View

301

(3)

Panoramic Fluorescene Imaging

304

(2)

Motion Artifact in Fluoresced Signals

306

(1)

Clinical Mapping Techniques for Arrhythmia Therapy

306

(10)

Conventional Mapping Techniques

306

(1)

Three-Dimensional Clinical Cardiac Mapping Systems

307

(6)

Image-Guided Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias

313

(3)

Summary

316

(7)

Acknowledgments

317

(1)

References

317

(6)

Percutaneous Image-Guided Needle-Based Procedures

323

(24)

Introduction

323

(1)

Technical Equipment

323

(19)

Fine Needle Devices

324

(8)

Core Needle Devices and Techniques

332

(3)

Coaxial Needle Techniques

335

(4)

Drainage Devices Without a Guide Wire

339

(3)

Complications

342

(5)

References

345

(2)

Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: History, Present, and Future

347

(20)

Historical Background of the Robotic Technology

347

(2)

System Development and Commercialization

349

(1)

Clinical Evolution of the Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Historical Perspective

349

(1)

Da Vinci Surgical System Description

350

(2)

Robotic and Laparoscopic Instrumentation

352

(1)

General Considerations and Patient's Position

352

(1)

Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Surgical Technique

352

(11)

Transperitoneal Approach

352

(10)

Retropertioneal Technique

362

(1)

Series Results of the Radical Robotic Prostatectomy

363

(1)

Conclusions and Future Vision

364

(3)

References

364

(3)

Modeling of Image-Guided Therapy

367

(34)

Introduction

367

(1)

Role of Imaging and Modeling for Image-Guided Therapies

368

(8)

Progression of Imaging

369

(3)

Progression of Modeling

372

(4)

General Observations of the Role of Models and Imaging for Guided Therapies

376

(1)

Development of Computational Models

376

(20)

Image Acquisition

376

(7)

Image Segmentation

383

(3)

Meshing

386

(3)

Computational Methodologies

389

(7)

Summary

396

(5)

References

396

(5)

The Socioeconomic Benefits of Image-Guided Therapies

401

(22)

Infrastructure Changes

402

(1)

Patient Benefits

403

(2)

Image-Guided Neurosurgery

403

(1)

Image-Guided Drug Delivery

403

(1)

Reproductive Medicine

404

(1)

Spine Surgery

405

(1)

Patient Education Drives Demand for Image-Guided Therapy

405

(1)

Physician Awareness and Training

406

(2)

Physician Acceptance and Adoption

408

(2)

Barriers to Adoption

408

(2)

Would Industry Cooperation Lead to Increased Adoption?

410

(1)

Patient Selection: Image-Guided Therapy Is Not for Everyone

410

(2)

The Economic Impact of Image-Guided Therapy

412

(5)

Spleens, Gallbladders, and Hernias All Benefit from Image-Guided Treatments

412

(1)

Fibroids: An Example of How Image-Guided Treatments Could Save a Lot of Money

412

(1)

Faster Recovery Achievable

413

(1)

Overall Costs Are Less with Image-Guided Alternatives to Surgery

414

(1)

For Some Patients, the Only Option

414

(2)

Offering Image-Guided Therapies May Increase Demand for Other Procedures

416

(1)

Image-Guided Therapy Is Changing Healthcare

417

(3)

Imaged-Guided Therapy Results in an Increased Demand for Imaging

417

(1)

Procedures Need to Be Efficient and Cost-Effective

418

(1)

A Multidisciplinary Approach

418

(2)

Conclusions

420

(3)

References

420

(3)

About the Editors

423

(1)

List of Contributors

424

(3)

Index

427

Shahram Vaezy is an associate professor in the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Washington. He holds a B.S. in electrical engineering and Ph.D. in bioengineering, both from the University of Washington. Vesna Zderic is a research associate in the applied physics laboratory at the University of Washington. She holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Serbia and a Ph.D. in bioengineering from the University of Washington.

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