Preface |
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xvii | |
Series Preface |
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xxi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxiii | |
List of Acronyms |
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xxv | |
About the Companion Website |
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xxix | |
Part I Introduction |
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1 | (46) |
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3 | (24) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (4) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.7 Afghanistan and Iraq |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.8 Long-Range Long-Endurance Operations |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3 Overview of UAV Systems |
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8 | (4) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Mission Planning and Control Station |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Launch and Recovery Equipment |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3.6 Ground Support Equipment |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (4) |
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1.4.1 Aquila Mission and Requirements |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Ground Control Station |
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13 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Launch and Recovery |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (3) |
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1.5.1 Mission Requirements and Development |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Communications System |
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17 | (1) |
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1.5.5 Development Setbacks |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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1.6.1 Predator Development |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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1.7 Top UAV Manufacturers |
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21 | (1) |
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1.8 Ethical Concerns of UAVs |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (5) |
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2 Classes and Missions of UAVs |
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27 | (20) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2 Classes of UAV Systems |
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27 | (6) |
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2.2.1 Classification Criteria |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Classification by Range and Endurance |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Classification by Missions |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3 Examples of UAVs by Size Group |
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33 | (9) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (4) |
Part II The Air Vehicle |
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47 | (112) |
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49 | (22) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (3) |
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3.5 Pressure Distribution |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (1) |
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3.7 The Real Wing and Airplane |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (1) |
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3.11 Total Air-Vehicle Drag |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
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3.13 Aerodynamic Efficiency |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (4) |
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71 | (18) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (5) |
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4.3.1 Range for a Non-Electric-Engine Propeller-Driven Aircraft |
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74 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Range for a Jet-Propelled Aircraft |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (2) |
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4.4.1 Endurance for a Non-Electric-Engine Propeller-Driven Aircraft |
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78 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Endurance for a Jet-Propelled Aircraft |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
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5 Flight Stability and Control |
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89 | (20) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (4) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Longitudinal Static Stability |
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95 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Directional Static Stability |
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97 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Lateral Static Stability |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (5) |
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5.4.1 Aerodynamic Control |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Directional Control |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (26) |
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109 | (1) |
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6.2 Propulsion Systems Classification |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (8) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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6.5.4 Gas Turbine Engines |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (2) |
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6.6 Sources of Electric Energy |
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122 | (5) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (4) |
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6.7.1 Relation Between Power and Thrust |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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6.7.3 Variations of Power and Thrust with Altitude |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (4) |
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135 | (24) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (4) |
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136 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Fuselage Structural Members |
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136 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Wing and Tail Structural Members |
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137 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Other Structural Members |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (4) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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7.6.1 Sandwich Construction |
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146 | (1) |
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7.6.2 Skin or Reinforcing Materials |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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7.7 Construction Techniques |
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148 | (1) |
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7.8 Basic Structural Calculations |
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149 | (6) |
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7.8.1 Normal and Shear Stress |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (4) |
Part III Mission Planning and Control |
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159 | (54) |
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8 Mission Planning and Control Station |
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161 | (22) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (4) |
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8.3 MPCS Physical Configuration |
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165 | (4) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (4) |
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170 | (2) |
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8.5.2 Local Area Networks |
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172 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Levels of Communication |
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172 | (1) |
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8.5.4 Bridges and Gateways |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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8.6.1 Layout and Logical Structure (Topology) |
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174 | (1) |
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8.6.2 Communications Medium |
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175 | (1) |
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8.6.3 Network Transmission and Access |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
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9 Control of Air Vehicle and Payload |
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183 | (30) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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9.3 Remote Piloting the Air Vehicle |
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185 | (5) |
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9.3.1 Remote Manual Piloting |
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186 | (2) |
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9.3.2 Autopilot-Assisted Control |
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188 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Complete Automation |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (6) |
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190 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Autopilot Categories |
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191 | (1) |
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9.4.3 Inner and Outer Loops |
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191 | (1) |
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9.4.4 Overall Modes of Operation |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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9.4.9 Open-Source Commercial Autopilots |
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195 | (1) |
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9.5 Sensors Supporting the Autopilot |
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196 | (3) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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9.6 Navigation and Target Location |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (3) |
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9.7.1 Signal Relay Payloads |
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202 | (1) |
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9.7.2 Atmospheric, Radiological, and Environmental Monitoring |
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202 | (1) |
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9.7.3 Imaging and Pseudo-Imaging Payloads |
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203 | (1) |
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9.8 Controlling the Mission |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (5) |
Part IV Payloads |
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213 | (78) |
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10 Reconnaissance/Surveillance Payloads |
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215 | (32) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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10.3 Target Detection, Recognition, and Identification |
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217 | (14) |
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218 | (3) |
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221 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Transmission Through the Atmosphere |
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222 | (3) |
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225 | (1) |
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10.3.5 Display Characteristics |
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225 | (1) |
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10.3.6 Range Prediction Procedure |
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226 | (2) |
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10.3.7 A Few Considerations |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (6) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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10.5 Other Considerations |
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237 | (6) |
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10.5.1 Location and Installation |
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237 | (1) |
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10.5.2 Stabilization of the Line of Sight |
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238 | (1) |
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10.5.3 Gyroscope and Gimbal |
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238 | (2) |
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10.5.4 Gimbal-Gyro Configuration |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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10.5.6 Environmental Conditions Affecting Stabilization |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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10.5.8 Stabilization Design |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (4) |
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247 | (30) |
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247 | (2) |
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11.2 History of Lethal Unmanned Aircraft |
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249 | (2) |
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11.3 Mission Requirements for Armed Utility UAVs |
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251 | (1) |
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11.4 Design Issues Related to Carriage and Delivery of Weapons |
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252 | (6) |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (2) |
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11.4.3 Electrical Interfaces |
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255 | (1) |
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11.4.4 Electromagnetic Interference |
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256 | (1) |
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11.4.5 Launch Constraints for Legacy Weapons |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (12) |
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11.5.1 Acoustical Signatures |
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259 | (4) |
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263 | (1) |
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11.5.3 Infrared Signatures |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (4) |
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269 | (1) |
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11.5.6 Active Susceptibility Reduction Measures |
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269 | (1) |
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11.6 Autonomy for Weapon Payloads |
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270 | (3) |
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11.6.1 Fundamental Concept |
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270 | (2) |
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11.6.2 Rules of Engagement |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (4) |
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277 | (14) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (3) |
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12.2.1 General Radar Considerations |
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277 | (3) |
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12.2.2 Synthetic Aperture Radar |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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12.5 Nuclear Radiation Sensors |
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282 | (1) |
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12.6 Meteorological and Environmental Sensors |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (3) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (3) |
Part V Data Links |
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291 | (72) |
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13 Data Link Functions and Attributes |
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293 | (22) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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13.4 Desirable Data-Link Attributes |
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296 | (6) |
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13.4.1 Worldwide Availability |
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297 | (1) |
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13.4.2 Resistance to Unintentional Interference |
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298 | (1) |
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13.4.3 Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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13.4.5 Resistance to Deception |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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13.4.8 Digital Data Links |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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13.5 System Interface Issues |
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302 | (5) |
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13.5.1 Mechanical and Electrical |
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302 | (1) |
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13.5.2 Data-Rate Restrictions |
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302 | (1) |
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13.5.3 Control-Loop Delays |
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303 | (2) |
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13.5.4 Interoperability, Interchangeability, and Commonality |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (2) |
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13.6.1 Omnidirectional Antenna |
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307 | (1) |
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13.6.2 Parabolic Reflectors |
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307 | (1) |
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13.6.3 Array/Directional Antennas |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (4) |
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315 | (28) |
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315 | (1) |
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14.2 Sources of Data-Link Margin |
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316 | (11) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (6) |
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322 | (5) |
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327 | (7) |
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14.3.1 Definition of Anti-Jam Margin |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (3) |
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14.3.3 System Implications of AJ Capability |
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331 | (3) |
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334 | (1) |
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334 | (2) |
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14.4.1 Obstruction of the Propagation Path |
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334 | (2) |
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14.4.2 Atmospheric Absorption |
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336 | (1) |
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14.4.3 Precipitation Losses |
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336 | (1) |
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14.5 Data-Link Signal-to-Noise Budget |
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336 | (3) |
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339 | (4) |
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343 | (14) |
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343 | (1) |
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15.2 Compression Versus Truncation |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (8) |
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344 | (1) |
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15.3.2 Encoding of Gray Scale |
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345 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Effects of Bandwidth Compression on Operator Performance |
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346 | (2) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (2) |
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15.3.6 Forms of Truncation |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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15.5 Location of the Data-Rate Reduction Function |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | (6) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (2) |
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16.3 Pitfalls of "Putting Off" Data-Link Issues |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (3) |
Part VI Launch and Recovery |
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363 | (56) |
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365 | (18) |
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365 | (1) |
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17.2 Conventional Takeoff |
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365 | (1) |
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17.3 Basic Considerations |
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366 | (4) |
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17.4 Launch Methods for Fixed-Wing Air Vehicles |
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370 | (6) |
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370 | (2) |
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372 | (1) |
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17.4.3 Pneumatic Launchers |
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373 | (1) |
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17.4.4 Hydraulic-Pneumatic Launchers |
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374 | (1) |
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17.4.5 Zero Length RATO Launch of UAVs |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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17.5 Rocket-Assisted Takeoff |
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376 | (3) |
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17.5.1 RATO Configuration |
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376 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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17.5.3 Expended RATO Separation |
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376 | (1) |
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17.5.4 Other Launch Equipment |
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377 | (1) |
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17.5.5 Energy (Impulse) Required |
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377 | (1) |
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17.5.6 Propellant Weight Required |
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378 | (1) |
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17.5.7 Thrust, Burning Time, and Acceleration |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (4) |
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383 | (14) |
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383 | (1) |
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18.2 Conventional Landing |
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383 | (1) |
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18.3 Vertical Net Systems |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (3) |
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392 | (1) |
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18.9 Skid and Belly Landing |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (2) |
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19 Launch and Recovery Tradeoffs |
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397 | (8) |
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19.1 UAV Launch Method Tradeoffs |
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397 | (3) |
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19.2 Recovery Method Tradeoffs |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (3) |
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20 Rotary-Wing UAVs and Quadcopters |
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405 | (14) |
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405 | (1) |
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20.2 Rotary-Wing Configurations |
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406 | (3) |
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406 | (1) |
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20.2.2 Twin Co-axial Rotors |
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407 | (1) |
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20.2.3 Twin Tandem Rotors |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (2) |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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20.3.4 Fixed-Wing Quadcopter Combination |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (5) |
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411 | (2) |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (3) |
References |
|
419 | (2) |
Index |
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421 | |