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E-raamat: Investment Industry for IT Practitioners: An Introductory Guide

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Investment Industry for IT Practitioners: An Introductory GuideSuurem pilt
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Giving IT professionals in financial services firms a rounded and comprehensive grounding in their knowledge of their industry, this book offers a primer on the major financial instruments, transactions, and processes, as well as a sound knowledge of the principles of good IT management in the industry.



The book gives readers a clear understanding of equities, bonds, currencies, listed derivatives and OTC derivatives. It explains transactions in those instruments and the requirements of business systems that process these transactions. Transactions covered include (inter-alia) agency and principal purchases and sales, loans and deposits, repos and reverse repos, stock loans; and also the Sharia-compliant 'Islamic' transactions that may be used as alternatives to interest bearing transactions.



Andrew Bradford gives an introduction to how investment firms are regulated; offers an understanding of the STP (Straight-through-Processing) concept following the trade cycle for the transactions from order through to execution through pre-settlement to final settlement; covers basic accounting procedures for the transactions; and conveys the basic principles of good IT management in the investment industry.
Contents
Introduction
Acknowledgements
PART ONE
1 An Introduction to Financial Instruments
1.1 Introduction
2 Equities
2.1 Listed and unlisted equities
2.2 Multi-listed securities
2.3 The issuance of listed equities – the primary market
2.4 The secondary market in equities
3 Debt Instruments
3.1 Types of debt instruments
3.2 Accrued interest on bonds in the secondary market
3.3 More trade terminology
3.4 How prices are formed in the secondary market
4 Cash
4.1 Cash as a means of exchange  
4.2 Cash as an investment class  
4.3 More trade terminology
5 Derivatives
5.1 Exchange traded derivative contracts
5.2 More trade terminology
5.3 OTC derivatives
6 Common Attributes of Financial Instruments
6.1 Summary of all trade terminology used in chapters 1 to 5
6.2 Summary of basic trade arithmetic for transactions in securities, futures and options
7 Market Participants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Investors
7.3 Institutional fund managers
7.4 Private client stockbrokers and investment managers
7.5 Investment banks that accept and execute orders from investors
7.6 Investment exchanges
7.7 Settlement agents
7.8 Other market participants
8 How Investment Firms are Regulated
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Objectives of regulation
8.3 The global perspective  
8.4 The European perspective
8.5 The UK perspective – the role of the financial services authority
8.6 Specific offences in the United Kingdom
8.7 Regulation and its impact on the It function
9 Straight-Through-Processing
9.1 Introduction
9.2 To what extent is STP actually achieved in practice?
10 The Role of Accurate Static Data in the STP Process
10.1 Static data overview
10.2 Duplication of static data across systems
10.3 Instrument group static data
10.4 Instrument static data
10.5 Trading party and settlement agent static data
10.6 Standard settlement instructions (SSIs)
10.7 Static data that is internal to the firm concerned
10.8 Normal working days and public holidays
10.9 Country information
11 Communications Between Industry Participants
11.1 SWIFT
11.2 The financial information exchange (Fix Protocol)
11.3 Other message standards
12 The Trade Agreement and Settlement Processes
12.1 The trade agreement process
12.2 Communications between the trade party and its settlement agent
13 Failed Trades – Causes, Consequences and Resolution
13.1 Failed trades – causes
13.2 Consequences of failed trades
13.3 The prevention and resolution of failed trades and the impact on it applications
14 An Overview of Investment Accounting
14.1 Role of the financial control department
14.2 Departmental systems
14.3 The general ledger
15 The Stock Record –Using the double-entry Convention to Control Positions and Security Quantities
16 Example STP Flows of Equity Agency Trades – When Execution Venue the London Stock Exchange
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Equity agency trades with institutional investor customers
16.3 Equity agency trades with private investor customers
16.4 Direct market access
17 The STP Flow of Debt Instrument Trades
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Order placement
17.3 Order execution
17.4 Trade amounts
17.5 Trade agreement
17.6 Regulatory trade reporting
17.7 Settlement
17.8 General ledger postings for the trade and the settlement
17.9 Stock record postings for the trade and the settlement
17.10 Position-related events
18 The STP Flow of Foreign Exchange and Money Market Trades
18.1 Foreign exchange
18.2 Money market
19 The STP Flow of Futures and Options Transactions
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Futures and options – common process steps
19.3 Futures-specific process steps
19.4 Options-specific process steps
20 The STP Flow of SWAP and other OTC Derivative Trades
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Order placement
20.3 Order execution
20.4 Trade components and amounts
20.5 Trade agreement
20.6 Regulatory trade reporting
20.7 Settlement
20.8 General ledger postings
20.9 Stock record postings
20.10 Marking to market
20.11 Daily accrual of interest
21 Stock Lending, Repos and Funding
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Stock Lending and borrowing transactions
21.3 Repo transactions
21.4 Summary of the differences between the various transaction types
21.5 The Role of specialist lending intermediaries (SLIs)
21.6 Business Applications to support stock lending and repos
22 The Impact of Islamic Finance
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Delivering Islamic financial services
22.3 Sharia compliant instruments
22.4 The valuation and risk management of Islamic financing instruments
22.5 The it implications of providing Islamic instruments
23 The Management of Positions
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Trade dated, value dated, settled and depot positions
23.3 Interest payments and interest rate fixings
23.4 Collection of maturity proceeds
23.5 Dividend payments
23.6 Corporate actions
23.7 Listed derivatives – contract expiry and delivery dates
23.8 Marking positions to market
23.9 Accrual of interest
23.10 Other accruals
23.11 Reconciliation
24 The Management of Risk
24.1 Forms of market risk
24.2 Forms of credit risk
24.3 Other forms of risk
24.4 The role of the board of directors in managing risk
24.5 The role of the risk management department
24.6 An introduction to value-at-risk (VAR)
PART TWO
25 The Role of the IT Department in Daily Operations
25.1 Introduction
25.2 User support and helpdesk management
25.3 Data security, data retention, data protection and intellectual property
25.4 Change management
25.5 Business continuity planning
25.6 Use of the it infrastructure library in managing it operations
26 The Role of the IT Department in Managing Business Change
26.1 Introduction
26.2 The software development lifecycle
26.3 Project management standards
26.4 Software development models
26.5 Requirements gathering
26.6 Quality assurance testing
27 Package and Vendor Selection, Outsourcing and Offshoring
27.1 Making the buy or build decision
27.2 Vendor and package selection
27.3 Outsourcing and offshoring
Appendix 1 Bond Market Price Calculations
Straight bond calculations
Simple yield to maturity
Gross redemption yield
FRN calculations
Simple margin
Discounted margin
Valuation methodologies for other types of debt instrument
Appendix 2 Summary of Contractual Documents
Appendix 3 Further Reading
Glossary of Terms
Index
Andrew Bradford (Cheshunt, UK) is a Consultant and an Associate of the Securities and Investment Institute with expertise and background in back office operations, and systems analysis. He has contributed articles to a wide range of financial industry periodicals published in the UK, Europe and the United States including STP Magazine, Derivatives Report, Funds Europe, Journal of Securities Operations, Wall Street and Technology, Trading Technology Week and Futures & Options World. Andrew is the author of the SII IAQ Workbook IT in Investment Operations published in May 2007. Currently a freelance consultant, he has held positions in IT, Operations and Marketing for Merrill Lynch, ABN Amro, Sanwa Bank and ACT Financial Systems.
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