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E-raamat: Laboratory Techniques in Plant Bacteriology

(Dept of Plant Pathology, Mahatma Phule Agriculture University, Maharashtra, India)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Dec-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351798372
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Laboratory Techniques in Plant BacteriologySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Dec-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351798372
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Laboratory Techniques in Plant Bacteriology is ideal for scientists and students who seek a career in plant pathogenic bacteria. This book contains 41 chapters comprising practicable techniques from isolation of bacterial plant pathogens to their identification up to species and race/biotype level. It includes identification protocols of morphological, biochemical, immunological, and molecular-based techniques.

This book comprises all technological aspects of plant bacteriological studies. Its content is ideal for graduate students and research scholars including bacteriological professionals or technicians. The book ultimately provides working technologies useful for controlling bacterial disease pathogens.
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Author xxi
Chapter 1 Laboratory Ethics in Plant Bacteriology Laboratory: Instruments and General Guidelines 1(14)
1.1 Ethics in the Laboratory
1(1)
1.1.1 Cleanliness
1(1)
1.1.2 Silence
1(1)
1.1.3 Dress Code
1(1)
1.1.4 Storage Cabinets
2(1)
1.1.5 Maintenance of Laboratory Hygiene
2(1)
1.2 Laboratory Instruments
2(6)
1.2.1 Maintenance of Instruments
2(1)
1.2.2 Basic Instruments
3(1)
1.2.3 Applied Instruments
4(4)
1.3 Necessary Miscellaneous Instruments
8(1)
1.4 General Guidelines
9(6)
Chapter 2 Confirmation of Bacterial Pathogen in Diseased Samples 15(4)
2.1 By Ooze Test
15(1)
2.2 By Milky Water Test
15(1)
2.3 By String Test
16(1)
2.4 By Staining of Crushed Disease Portion
17(2)
Chapter 3 Histopathology of Bacterial Infection 19(6)
3.1 Determination of the Location of Bacterial Pathogens in Host
19(1)
3.2 Preparation of Microtome Sections and Staining for Histological Studies
20(2)
3.3 Study of Changes in Chemical Constituents of the Affected Plant Tissues
22(3)
3.3.1 Degradation in Cellulose
22(1)
3.3.2 Degradation of Pectic Substances
22(1)
3.3.3 Degradation of Protein
23(1)
3.3.4 Degradation of Lignin
23(2)
Chapter 4 Sterilization 25(4)
4.1 Sterilization of Glassware
25(1)
4.2 Sterilization of Medium
25(1)
4.2.1 By Autoclave
25(1)
4.2.2 By Filtration
26(1)
4.3 Sterilization of Soil
26(1)
4.3.1 Sterilization in Steam without Pressure
26(1)
4.3.2 Sterilization with Chemical Vapors
27(1)
4.3.3 Sterilization with Solar Heat
27(1)
4.4 Sterilization of the Working Place
27(2)
4.4.1 By UV Radiation
27(2)
Chapter 5 Medium for Isolation of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria 29(6)
5.1 Basic Liquid Media (Broth) for the Routine Cultivation of Bacteria
29(1)
5.2 General Medium for Routine Cultivation of Bacteria
30(1)
5.2.1 Preparation of Nutrient Sucrose Agar (NSA) Media
30(1)
5.3 Selective and Differential Media
31(3)
5.3.1 Special Medium
31(7)
5.3.1.1 Special Media for Xanthomonas
31(1)
5.3.1.2 Special Medium for Pseudomonas fluorescens (King's B Medium)
31(1)
5.3.1.3 Special Medium for Isolation of Pectolytic Erwinia
32(2)
5.3.1.4 Special Medium for Agrobacterium
34(1)
5.3.1.5 Yeast Glucose Chalk-Agar Medium for Maintenance of Bacterial Cultures
34(1)
5.4 Preparation of Slants
34(1)
Chapter 6 Isolation of Bacterial Plant Pathogens 35(4)
6.1 From Diseased Plant Sample
35(2)
6.2 From Disease Field Soil Sample
37(1)
6.3 From Field Water Sample
37(1)
6.4 From Infected Seed Material
38(1)
6.4.1 Isolation of Externally Seedborne Bacteria
38(1)
6.4.2 Isolation of Internally Seedborne Bacteria
38(1)
Chapter 7 Purification of Plant Pathogenic Bacterial Cultures 39(4)
7.1 Selection of Single Bacterial Colonies
39(1)
7.2 Picking of Single Colonies and Subculture
39(2)
7.3 Checking the Purity of the Isolated Culture
41(2)
Chapter 8 Rapid Assessment of Plant Pathogenic Nature of Bacterial Isolates 43(2)
8.1 By Hypersensitive Reaction on a Tobacco Plant
43(1)
8.2 By Hypersensitive Reaction on a Non-Host Plant
43(1)
8.3 By Reaction of Bacteria on Soft Fruits
44(1)
Chapter 9 Determination of Pathogenicity of the Isolated Bacterial Culture on Natural Host Plants 45(4)
9.1 By Infiltration Method
45(1)
9.2 By Swab Inoculation Method
45(1)
9.3 By Spray Inoculation Method
46(1)
9.4 By Root Dip Inoculation Method
47(1)
9.5 By Vacuum Infiltration Method
47(1)
9.6 By Pin Prick Inoculation Method
47(2)
Chapter 10 Isolation and Enumeration of Microorganisms Associated with Bacterial Plant Pathogen from Soil, Rhizosphere, and Phylloplane 49(6)
10.1 Isolation of Microorganisms from Cultivated Soil/Soils under Cropping Systems
49(1)
10.2 Isolation of Rhizosphere Microflora
50(1)
10.3 Isolation of Microorganism from Root Surface
51(1)
10.4 Isolation of Microorganisms from Virgin/Uncultivated/Non-Rhizosphere Soil
51(1)
10.5 Isolation of Phylloplane Microflora by the Serial Dilution Method
52(1)
10.6 Study of Phylloplane Microflora by Leaf Imprint Method
53(2)
Chapter 11 Preparation of Pure Cultures of Microorganisms 55(6)
11.1 By Streak Plate Method
55(1)
11.2 By Pour Plate Method
56(2)
11.3 By Spread Plate Technique
58(3)
Chapter 12 Maintenance and Preservation of Bacterial Pure Cultures 61(4)
12.1 Preservation on YGCA Media
61(1)
12.2 Preservation in Refrigerator or Cold Room Storage
61(1)
12.3 Preservation in Mineral Oil
62(1)
12.4 Preservation at-40°C in Glycerol
62(1)
12.5 Preservation in Edible/Nonedible Oils
62(1)
12.6 Preservation by Liquid Nitrogen Method (Storage at Low Temperature)
62(1)
12.7 Preservation by Paraffin Method
62(1)
12.8 Preservation by Freeze-Drying (Lyophilization) Method
63(2)
Chapter 13 Staining of Bacterial Cultures for Morphological Studies 65(14)
13.1 Preparation of Bacterial Smears
66(1)
13.2 Simple or Direct Staining of Bacteria
66(1)
13.3 Negative Staining of Bacteria
66(2)
13.4 Gram Staining of Bacteria
68(1)
13.5 Acid-Fast Staining of Bacteria
69(1)
13.6 Bacterial Cell Wall Staining
70(1)
13.7 Cytoplasmic Membrane Staining
71(1)
13.8 Bacterial Spore (Endospore) Staining
71(1)
13.9 Capsule Staining
72(2)
13.10 Flagella Staining
74(1)
13.11 Staining of Nuclear Material of Bacteria
75(1)
13.12 Viability Staining of Bacteria
76(1)
13.13 Suslow Reaction to Determine Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria
77(2)
Chapter 14 Bacterial Mobility 79(2)
14.1 Hanging Drop Technique for Demonstrating Motility of Bacteria
79(1)
14.2 Brownian Movement
79(1)
14.3 Relationship of Virulence with Motility (in Erwinia carotovora var. zeae)
80(1)
Chapter 15 Describing Bacterial Colony Morphology 81(2)
15.1 Colony Type
81(1)
15.2 Colony Elevation
81(1)
15.3 Colony Edge
81(1)
15.4 Internal Colony Structure (x 15)
82(1)
15.5 Colony Pigments
82(1)
Chapter 16 Physiological Characterization of Bacteria (Effect of Environmental Conditions on Growth of Bacteria) 83(10)
16.1 Effect of Incubation Temperatures on Bacterial Growth
83(1)
16.2 Determination of Thermal Death Point of Bacteria (TDP)
84(1)
16.3 Determination of Thermal Death Time of Bacteria
85(1)
16.4 Effect of pH on the Bacterial Growth
86(1)
16.5 Effect of Salt Concentration on Bacterial Growth
87(1)
16.6 Effect of Metals on Bacterial Growth
87(1)
16.6.1 The Oligodynamic Action of Metals (Aluminum, Copper, and Lead) on Bacteria
88(1)
16.7 Effect of Dyes on Bacterial Growth
88(1)
16.8 Effect of Different Wavelengths of Light on Bacterial Growth
89(1)
16.9 Lethal Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV Rays) on Bacterial Growth
90(1)
16.10 Effect of Relative Humidity on Bacterial Growth
91(2)
Chapter 17 Biochemical Tests Used in Identification of Bacteria 93(16)
17.1 Amylase Production Test (or Demonstration of Starch Hydrolysis)
93(1)
17.2 Cellulase Production Test (Degradation of Cellulose)
94(1)
17.3 Production of Pectolytic Enzymes (Degradation of Pectin)
95(1)
17.4 Hydrolysis of Gelatin, a Protein (Production of Gelatinase)
96(1)
17.5 Casein Hydrolysis
96(1)
17.6 Urease Test
97(2)
17.7 Hydrogen Sulfide Production Test
99(1)
17.8 Carbohydrate Catabolism by Microorganisms (Oxidation and Fermentation of Glucose)
99(2)
17.8.1 Grouping of Bacterial Isolates of Xanthomonas malvacearum on the Basis of Lactose Utilization
101(1)
17.9 Fermentation of Carbohydrates
101(1)
17.10 Microbial Reaction in Litmus Milk
102(1)
17.11 Nitrate Reduction
103(1)
17.12 Oxidase Test
103(1)
17.13 Pigment Production
104(1)
17.14 The IMViC Tests
104(3)
17.14.1 Indole Production Test
104(1)
17.14.2 Methyl-Red and Voges-Proskauer Tests
105(1)
17.14.3 Citrate Utilization Test
106(1)
17.15 Catalase Test
107(2)
Chapter 18 Characterization of Phytopathogenic Bacteria up to Genus 109(10)
18.1 Agrobacterium
109(3)
18.2 Pseudomonas
112(1)
18.3 Ralstonia
113(1)
18.4 Xanthomonas
113(2)
18.5 Xylella
115(1)
18.6 Xylophilus
115(1)
18.7 Erwinia
116(1)
18.8 Pantoea
116(1)
18.9 Clavibacter (Corynebacterium)
117(1)
18.10 Curtobacterium
117(2)
Chapter 19 Differentiation of Bacterial Genus into Group 119(12)
19.1 Differentiation of Genus Xanthomonas into Groups
119(1)
19.2 Differentiation of Some Well-Studied Species of the Genus Pseudomonas into Group/Species and Biovars
120(6)
19.2.1 Characteristics Useful for Differentiation of Various Denitrifying Pseudomonas
123(1)
19.2.2 Sources and Characteristics of Additional Pseudomonas Species (Isolated from Diseased Plants and Mushrooms)
124(2)
19.3 Differentiation of Genus Erwinia into Groups
126(3)
19.3.1 Differentiation of Erwinia Species by Cultural, Physiological, and Biochemical Characteristics
127(1)
19.3.2 Differentiation of Erwinia Species Based on Acid Production from Organic Compounds
128(1)
19.3.3 Differentiation of Erwinia Species Based on Utilization of Some Organic Compounds as a Source of Carbon and Energy
129(1)
19.4 Differentiation of Genus Agrobacterium into Groups and Biovars
129(2)
Chapter 20 Differentiation of Bacterial Group into Species 131(4)
20.1 Differentiation of Genus Xanthomonas into Species Based on Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics
131(1)
20.2 Differentiation of Genus Pseudomonas into Species on the Basis of Biochemical Tests
132(1)
20.3 Differentiation of Genus Erwinia into Species on the Basis of Biochemical Tests
132(1)
20.4 Differentiation of Genus Pantoea into Species on the Basis of Biochemical Tests
133(1)
20.5 Differentiation of Genus Clavibacter (Corynebacterium) into Species on the Basis of Tests
133(1)
20.6 Differentiation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens into Biotype on the Basis of Different Tests
133(2)
Chapter 21 Identification of Races of Bacterial Plant Pathogen 135(8)
21.1 Identification of Races of X. campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)
135(1)
21.2 Identification of Races of X. axonopodis pv. malvaceraum
136(1)
21.3 Identification of Races of X. axonopodis pv. viticola
137(1)
21.4 Identification of Races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae
138(2)
21.5 Identification of Races of Ralstonia solancearum
140(3)
Chapter 22 Studies on Bacterial Cell Wall-Related Biological Compounds 143(8)
22.1 Isolation of Bacterial Cell Wall (Peptidoglycan)
143(3)
22.1.1 Isolation and Preparation of Bacterial Cell Wall for Compositional Analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC)
144(2)
22.2 Isolation of Cell Wall-Less (L-Form) Bacteria
146(1)
22.3 Isolation of Bacterial Exopolysaccharide (EPS)
146(2)
22.3.1 Testing of EPS by Iodine Test
146(1)
22.3.2 Estimation of EPS
147(1)
22.3.3 Estimation of Sugar in EPS
147(1)
22.3.4 Estimation of Protein in EPS
147(1)
22.4 Isolation of Bacterial Lipid
148(1)
22.4.1 Estimation of Bacterial Lipid
149(1)
22.5 Determination of Glycoprotein Secretion Factor
149(1)
22.6 Testing of EPS/GP for Induction of WS Reaction
150(1)
Chapter 23 Isolation of Bacterial Metabolites 151(14)
23.1 Extraction of Total Cultural Filtrate
151(1)
23.2 Isolation of Bacterial Toxins
151(1)
23.2.1 Non-Host-Specific Toxins
151(1)
23.2.1.1 Tabtoxin
151(1)
23.2.1.2 Phaseolotoxin
152(1)
23.3 Isolation of Bacterial Enzymes
152(6)
23.3.1 Isolation of Cellulases
152(2)
23.3.1.1 Extraction of Cellulase from Pathogen (In Vitro)
152(1)
23.3.1.2 Extraction of Cellulase Enzyme from Diseased Plants (In Vivo)
153(1)
23.3.1.3 Measurement of Endoglucanase
153(1)
23.3.2 Pectinases or Pectolytic Enzymes of Pathogens
154(3)
23.3.2.1 Extraction of Pectolytic Enzymes from Diseased Plants (In Vivo)
154(1)
23.3.2.2 Extraction of Pectolytic Enzymes from a Pathogen (In Vitro)
155(1)
23.3.2.3 Assaying of Polygalacturonase
155(1)
23.3.2.4 Assaying of Pectin Transliminases (PTE, PATE)
156(1)
23.3.3 Assaying Pectolytic Activity of Erwinia carotovora
157(1)
23.3.4 Determination of Pectic Enzyme Production by Xanthomonas malvacearum
157(1)
23.4 Isolation of Bacteriocin
158(2)
23.4.1 Bacteriocin Production
158(1)
23.4.2 Chemical and Physical Stability of Bacteriocin
159(1)
23.4.3 Induction of Bacteriocin Production by Mitomycin C
160(1)
23.4.4 Detection of Antimicrobial Activity in Bacteriocin
160(1)
23.5 Isolation of Siderophore
160(5)
23.5.1 Siderophore Detection Assay
161(1)
23.5.2 Effect of Iron Concentration, Sugars, Organic and Amino Acids, and Nitrogen on Siderophores Production
162(1)
23.5.3 Characterization of Siderophores
163(2)
Chapter 24 Role of Bacterial Component in Induction of Disease Reaction or Pathogenesis 165(4)
24.1 EPS in Induction of Disease Reaction
165(1)
24.2 Bacterial Enzymes in Induction of Disease Reaction
166(1)
24.2.1 Studies with Pectolytic Enzymes of Erwinia
166(1)
24.3 Bacterial Toxins in Induction of Disease Reaction
167(2)
24.3.1 Studies with Phaseolotoxin of Pseudomonas
167(2)
Chapter 25 Enumeration of Bacterial Population 169(4)
25.1 Enumeration (Counting) of Bacteria by Plate Count or Serial Dilution Agar Plate Technique
169(1)
25.2 Counting of Bacterial Population by the Use of Spectrophotometer
170(3)
Chapter 26 Determination of Ice-Nucleation in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria 173(2)
26.1 Assessment of Ice Nucleation Property of Pseudomonas syringae
173(2)
Chapter 27 Transmission of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria through Vector 175(6)
27.1 Transmission of Bacteria (Xanthomonas) through Lepidopteron Larvae (Spotted Bollworms)
175(1)
27.2 Transmission of Bacteria (Xanthomonas) through Insect/Beetle (Red Cotton Bug)
176(1)
27.3 Transmission of Erwinia amylovora through Bees
176(1)
27.4 Transmission of Erwinia through Spotted Beetles
177(1)
27.5 Transmission of Erwinia through Nematodes
178(3)
Chapter 28 Determination of Perpetuation of Bacterial Plant Pathogen 181(4)
28.1 In Soil
181(1)
28.2 In Planting Material
181(1)
28.3 In Seed Material
182(1)
28.4 In Vector
183(1)
28.5 On Implement
184(1)
Chapter 29 Determination of Plant Resistance 185(4)
29.1 Determination of Vertical Resistance
185(1)
29.2 Determination of Horizontal Resistance
185(1)
29.3 Determination of Horizontal Resistance by Using Single Race
186(3)
Chapter 30 Identification of Bacteria by Using the Immunodiagnostic Technique 189(20)
30.1 Preparation of Bacterial Antigens or Antigen Glycoprotein from BacteriaPathogens
193(1)
30.2 Immunization and Preparation of Antibodies
193(4)
30.2.1 Effect of Immunization Period on Recovery of Immunoglobulin
193(1)
30.2.2 Effect of Extraction Method on Recovery and Affinity of Immunoglobulin
194(2)
30.2.3 Estimation of Effective Immunoglobulin
196(1)
30.2.4 Estimation of Affinity of Immunoglobulin
196(1)
30.3 Production and Characterization of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies (Evaluation of Specificity)
197(1)
30.3.1 Validity of pAb-Xcc in Detection of the Pathogens in Seed Samples and Infected Plant Materials
197(1)
30.4 Immunodiagnostic Techniques (Antigen-Antibodies Reaction)
198(9)
30.4.1 Precipitation Test
198(1)
30.4.2 Gel Diffusion Test
199(1)
30.4.3 Agglutination Test
199(1)
30.4.4 Immunological Test with Markers
200(1)
30.4.5 Immunological Electron Microscopy
200(1)
30.4.6 Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
200(3)
30.4.7 Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris through ELISA
203(4)
30.4.8 Determination of the Antigenic Determinant in Bacterial Pathogen by Immunoblot Assay
207(1)
30.5 Use of Specific Immunoglobulin under Immunofluorescence to Detect the Latent Infection
207(2)
Chapter 31 Identification of Bacteria by Using Molecular Techniques 209(36)
31.1 Isolation of Bacterial DNA
209(4)
31.1.1 Isolation of Bacterial Genomic DNA
209(1)
31.1.2 Isolation of Bacterial Plasmid DNA
210(3)
31.2 Plasmid Profiling Based Techniques
213(3)
31.2.1 Plasmid DNA Restriction Analysis
213(2)
31.2.2 Replicon Typing
215(1)
31.3 Hybridization-Based Techniques
216(8)
31.3.1 Southern Blotting Technique
216(2)
31.3.2 Western Blotting Technique
218(3)
31.3.3 Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
221(2)
31.3.4 Microarray Technology
223(1)
31.4 PCR Based Technique
224(11)
31.4.1 PCR Technology
224(2)
31.4.2 Primer Identification/Designing
226(1)
31.4.3 Arbitrary/Random Primers Based PCR Methods
226(4)
31.4.3.1 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers (RAPD)
226(3)
31.4.3.2 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats Markers (ISSR)
229(1)
31.4.4 Sequence Specific Primers Based PCR Methods
230(2)
31.4.4.1 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) or Microsatellite Markers
230(2)
31.4.4.2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
232(1)
31.4.5 Modified PCR Methods
232(3)
31.4.5.1 Multiplex PCR
232(1)
31.4.5.2 Nested PCR
232(1)
31.4.5.3 Real-Time PCR
233(1)
31.4.5.4 Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)
233(1)
31.4.5.5 Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)
233(1)
31.4.5.6 Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)
234(1)
31.4.5.7 Cooperational PCR
234(1)
31.4.5.8 Eric and Box PCR Amplification
234(1)
31.5 Hybridization-PCR Combination-Based Techniques
235(2)
31.5.1 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers (AFLP)
235(2)
31.6 rRNA/DNA Based Techniques
237(2)
31.6.1 Ribotyping or Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis
237(1)
31.6.2 16S rRNA Sequencing
238(1)
31.6.3 Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rRNA Sequencing
239(1)
31.7 Terminal Restriction Fragment Pattern (TRFP) Method
239(1)
31.8 Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis Technique (PFGE)
240(1)
31.9 Guanine-Plus-Cytosine-Based Analysis
241(1)
31.10 Flow Cytometry for Bacterial Diagnosis
242(1)
31.11 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Content of Bacterium, Its Relation to Virulence and Drug Resistance
243(2)
Chapter 32 Bacteriophages of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria 245(6)
32.1 Isolation of Lytic Phages
245(1)
32.1.1 By Direct Method
245(2)
32.1.2 Indirect Method or Enrichment Method
246(1)
32.1.3 Detection of Phage
246(1)
32.1.4 Characterization of Phage
246(1)
32.2 Bacterial Phage Typing
247(1)
32.3 Determination of Phage Titer
248(1)
32.4 Isolation of Lysogenic Phages
248(1)
32.5 Preservation of Bacteriophages
249(2)
Chapter 33 Determination of Bacterial Sensitivity to Antibiotics and Pesticide 251(6)
33.1 Determination of Bacterial Sensitivity by Poison Food Technique
251(1)
33.2 Determination of Bacterial Sensitivity by Disc Assay Method
251(2)
33.3 Determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Antibiotics/Pesticides
253(1)
33.4 Isolation of Antibiotics/Pesticide Resistant Mutant of Bacteria
253(1)
33.5 Studies on Pesticide Cross Resistance in Bacteria
253(2)
33.6 Studies on Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria
255(1)
33.7 Studies on Pathogenicity of Multidrug Resistance Bacteria
255(1)
33.8 Curing of Bacterial Mutant from Antibiotic Resistance
256(1)
33.9 Curing of Plasmid Borne Antibiotic Resistance
256(1)
Chapter 34 Determination of Mutation in Bacterial Plant Pathogen 257(4)
34.1 Isolation of Antibiotic Resistant Mutant by Gradient Plate Technique
257(1)
34.2 Isolation of Avirulent Mutants (Mutation for Pathogenicity Character)
258(1)
34.3 Isolation of Albino Mutant (Mutation for Pigmentation)
259(1)
34.4 Differentiation of Virulent and Avirulent Mutant
260(1)
Chapter 35 Transfer of Genetic Factor in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria 261(4)
35.1 Transfer of Genetic Material through Transformation
261(1)
35.2 Transfer of Genetic Material through Conjugation
262(1)
35.3 Transfer of Genetic Material through Transduction
263(2)
Chapter 36 Population Studies of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria on/in Host Plant 265(4)
36.1 Estimation of Bacterial Population by Leaf Wash Method
265(1)
36.2 Estimation of Epiphytic Population by Leaf Impression Method
265(1)
36.3 Estimation of Endophytic Population by Serial Dilution Method
266(1)
36.4 Dynamics of Bacterial Population in Host Plant
266(1)
36.5 Isolation of Intercellular Fluid to Study Bacterial Growth
267(2)
Chapter 37 Preservation of Bacterial Disease Samples 269(2)
37.1 Dry Preservation of Samples
269(1)
37.2 Microwave Drying Method
269(1)
37.3 Preservation of Samples in Preservation Solutions
269(1)
37.4 Preservation of Leaf Spot/Blight Samples by Lamination
270(1)
37.5 Preservation of Fruit Samples by Wax Treatment
270(1)
Chapter 38 Measurement of Plant Bacterial Disease 271(14)
38.1 Glossary to Describe Symptoms
271(4)
38.2 Measurement of Leaf Spot/Blight Disease
275(3)
38.3 Measurement of Wilt Disease
278(7)
Chapter 39 Isolation of Antibacterial Compound 285(8)
39.1 Preliminary Assessment Technique to Determine Presence of Antibacterial Compound in Plant by Computing Bacterial Population
285(1)
39.2 Assessment of Antibacterial Properties of Plant
286(1)
39.3 Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Medicinal Plant against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (Xanthomonas spp.)
287(1)
39.4 Preparation of Plants Extract in Solvents
287(1)
39.5 Assessment and Quantification of Equivalent Antibacterial Compound in Solvent Plant Extract
287(1)
39.6 Isolation of Antibacterial Compound from Plant Source
288(1)
39.7 Isolation of Antibacterial Compound from Microbial Source
289(1)
39.8 Testing Efficacy of Antibacterial Molecule
289(1)
39.9 Identification of Antibacterial Molecule
290(3)
Chapter 40 Isolation of Antibacterial Microbes 293(4)
40.1 Isolation of Antibacterial Fungi
293(1)
40.2 Isolation of Antibacterial Bacteria
293(1)
40.3 Testing Antibacterial Property of Microbial Culture
294(1)
40.4 Mass Production of Antibacterial Culture
295(2)
40.4.1 Carrier-Based Mass Production
295(1)
40.4.2 Liquid-Based Mass Production
295(2)
Chapter 41 Preparation of Bactericidal Formulations 297(2)
41.1 Preparation of Bactericidal Spray
297(1)
41.1.1 Preparation of Bordeaux Mixture
297(1)
41.1.2 Preparation of Bactericidal Mixture
297(1)
41.2 Preparation of Bactericidal Pastes
298(1)
41.2.1 Preparation of Bordeaux Paste
298(1)
41.2.2 Preparation of Rahuri Paste
298(1)
Bibliography 299(6)
Appendix 305(8)
Index 313
Prof. Suresh Borkar, PhD, is University Head in the Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology since 2005. Graduated from Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola in 1977, he obtained his M. Sc. and Ph.D. from IARI, New Delhi in 1979 and 1983 respectively. He did his post-doctorate from INRA, Angers, France in 1984 and D. Sc from international University, Washington in 1999. He is a fellow of Indian Phytopathological Society and Eurasian Academy of environmental Sciences.





After returning from France, he joined his first appointment of Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi VishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.) and served the university from January 1985 to December 1989. He was selected as Associate Professor of Plant Pathology at Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri and joined the position in December, 1989. He was selected as Professor of Plant Pathology in 1994 by Maharashtra Council of Agriculture Education and Research for Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri and joined the position in May 1994. He has also served as Dean, Post Graduate Institute of Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri during 2012-2013.





Prof. Suresh Borkar has published more than 75 research papers in around 25 National and 7 foreign journals. He has guided around 25 students for their M.Sc and Ph.D degree research. Most of his students are serving as ICAR scientist and in Agricultural universities. He has received 13 Awards from scientific societies and social organizations within the country and Abroad. He has developed four wheat varieties, six patents, several technologies and recommendations and new strains of beneficial microbes and published three books. He has chaired several sessions in ICAR workshops and National seminars. He has visited several universities abroad in France, Greece, U. K. and Nepal. He is on the selection committee of different Agricultural Universities in the country. He is a well known teacher and scientist at National and International level.
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