About the Contributors |
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ix | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgment |
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xv | |
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1 | (4) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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2 Standardized Pulmonary Function Testing |
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5 | (20) |
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5 | (8) |
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Assessment of Bronchial Reversibility With Spirometry |
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8 | (1) |
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Assessment of Airway Hyperresponsiveness With Spirometry |
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9 | (2) |
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Limitations of Spirometry |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (7) |
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3 Oscillometry for Lung Function Testing |
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25 | (84) |
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History and Development of the Forced Oscillation Technique |
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25 | (1) |
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Principles of Measurement |
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26 | (3) |
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Types of Oscillatory Waveforms |
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29 | (1) |
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Data Acquisition and Processing |
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30 | (1) |
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Modeling of Lung Mechanics |
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30 | (1) |
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Important Measurement Precautions |
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31 | (2) |
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Clinical Application of Oscillometry |
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33 | (2) |
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Clinical Utility of Rrs and Rrs-Derived Indices |
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35 | (1) |
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Correlation Between Rrs and Other Measures of Lung Function and Quality of Life |
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36 | (2) |
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Clinical Utility of Xrs and Xrs-Derived Indices |
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38 | (1) |
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Correlation Between Xrs and FEV,, Symptoms, Severity and Control, and Quality of Life Outcomes |
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39 | (1) |
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Limitations of Oscillometry |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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Table of Symbols and Acronyms |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (6) |
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3.1 Nonstandardized Lung Function Tests |
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49 | (2) |
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The Airflow Interrupter Technique |
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51 | (18) |
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Measurement Setup Used in Interrupter Lung Function Testing |
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53 | (2) |
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Interrupter Valve---Guide Points for Key Hardware Enabler in Interrupter Technique Measurement |
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55 | (4) |
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Algorithms of Postocclusional Data Processing |
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59 | (10) |
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69 | (6) |
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Measurement Setup Used in Impulse Oscillometry |
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70 | (1) |
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Algorithms of the Oscillatory Data Processing |
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71 | (4) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (5) |
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3.2 Oscillometry for Lung Function Testing |
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81 | (1) |
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History and Development of the Forced Oscillation Technique |
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81 | (1) |
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Principles of Measurement |
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82 | (3) |
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Types of Oscillatory Waveforms |
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85 | (1) |
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Data Acquisition and Processing |
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86 | (1) |
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Modeling of Lung Mechanics |
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86 | (3) |
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Important Measurement Precautions |
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89 | (2) |
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Clinical Application of Oscillometry |
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91 | (7) |
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Clinical Utility of Rrs and Rrs-Derived Indices |
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91 | (3) |
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Correlation Between Rrs and Other Measures of Lung Function and Quality of Life |
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94 | (1) |
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Clinical Utility of Xrs and Xrs-Derived Indices |
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95 | (2) |
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Correlation between Xrs and FEV1, symptoms, severity and control, and quality of life outcomes |
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97 | (1) |
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Limitations of Oscillometry |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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Table of Symbols and Acronyms |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (7) |
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4 Information From Time-Based Signals |
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109 | (16) |
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109 | (5) |
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109 | (3) |
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Viscoelasticity in the Lungs |
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112 | (2) |
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Models for Evaluating Respiratory Properties |
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114 | (3) |
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Integer-Order Impedance Models |
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114 | (2) |
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Fractional Order Impedance Models |
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116 | (1) |
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Heterogeneity and Nonlinearity in the Lung Tissue |
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117 | (5) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (38) |
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5.1 Diffusion in Small Airways |
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127 | (1) |
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Evaluating and Modeling Diffusion |
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127 | (11) |
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Generic Models of Diffusion Through Porous Media |
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127 | (6) |
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133 | (3) |
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Gas Diffusion Through the Respiratory Membrane |
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136 | (2) |
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Effects of Geometry and Porosity on Diffusion |
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138 | (12) |
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Structural Changes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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138 | (2) |
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Diffusion at Low Frequencies |
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140 | (6) |
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Evaluating Nonlinear Diffusion Effects in Patients With COPD |
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146 | (4) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (3) |
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5.2 The Multiple-Breath Nitrogen Washout Test |
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153 | (1) |
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History and Development of the Multiple-Breath Nitrogen Washout Test |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (5) |
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Physiological Interpretation and Clinical Utility of Washout Outcomes |
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159 | (1) |
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Important Measurement Considerations |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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6 Added Value of Other Clinical Tests |
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163 | (8) |
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Computed Tomography Scans |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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Electrical Impedance Tomography |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (4) |
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7 Diagnosis of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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171 | (14) |
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Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Phenotypes |
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171 | (5) |
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Asthma----Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Phenotype |
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173 | (1) |
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Frequent Exacerbator Phenotype |
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173 | (1) |
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Upper Lobe-Predominant Emphysema Phenotype |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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Physical Frailty Phenotype |
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174 | (1) |
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Emotional Frailty Phenotype |
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174 | (2) |
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Which Lung Function Tests for Which Purpose |
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176 | (2) |
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Patient Monitoring and Management |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (4) |
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185 | (4) |
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Index |
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189 | |