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E-raamat: Magnesium Batteries: Research and Applications

Edited by (Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Germany)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Energy and Environment Series Volume 23
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Sep-2019
  • Kirjastus: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781788018968
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Magnesium Batteries: Research and ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Energy and Environment Series Volume 23
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Sep-2019
  • Kirjastus: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781788018968
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The quest for efficient and durable battery technologies is one of the key challenges for enabling the transition to renewable energy economies. Magnesium batteries, and in particular rechargeable non-aqueous systems, are an area of extensive opportunity and intense research. Rechargeable magnesium batteries hold numerous advantages over current lithium-ion batteries, namely the relative abundance of magnesium to lithium and the potential for magnesium batteries to greatly outperform their Li-ion counterparts. Magnesium Batteries comprehensively outlines the scientific and technical challenges in the field, covering anodes, cathodes, electrolytes and particularly promising systems such as the Mg–S cell. Edited by a leading figure in the field of electrochemical energy storage, with contributions from global experts, this book is a vital resource for students and researchers at all levels. Whether entering into the subject for the first time or extending their knowledge of battery materials across chemistry, physics, energy, engineering and materials science this book provides an ideal reference for anyone interested in the state-of-the-art and future of magnesium batteries.



The quest for efficient and durable battery technologies is one of the key challenges for enabling the transition to renewable energy economies. Magnesium batteries, and in particular rechargeable non-aqueous systems, are an area of extensive opportunity and intense research. Rechargeable magnesium batteries hold numerous advantages over current lithium-ion batteries, namely the relative abundance of magnesium to lithium and the potential for magnesium batteries to greatly outperform their Li-ion counterparts. Magnesium Batteries comprehensively outlines the scientific and technical challenges in the field, covering anodes, cathodes, electrolytes and particularly promising systems such as the Mg–S cell. Edited by a leading figure in the field of electrochemical energy storage, with contributions from global experts, this book is a vital resource for students and researchers at all levels. Whether entering into the subject for the first time or extending their knowledge of battery materials across chemistry, physics, energy, engineering and materials science this book provides an ideal reference for anyone interested in the state-of-the-art and future of magnesium batteries.



The book covers scientific and technical challenges in magnesium battery research, bringing together contributions in the field of anodes, cathodes, electrolytes and systems such as the Mg–S cell.
Chapter 1 Motivation for a Magnesium Battery
1(16)
Maximilian Fichtner
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Overview on Research Topics
3(6)
1.2.1 Electrolytes
3(3)
1.2.2 Cathodes
6(1)
1.2.3 Anodes
7(1)
1.2.4 Mg Deposition and the Lack of Dendrite Formation
8(1)
1.3 Need for Better Batteries
9(1)
1.4 Need for Sustainable Solutions
10(2)
1.4.1 Cathode
11(1)
1.4.2 Anode
11(1)
1.4.3 Electrolyte
12(1)
1.5 Magnesium as a Resource
12(1)
1.6 Conclusion
13(4)
Acknowledgement
14(1)
References
14(3)
Chapter 2 Non-aqueous Electrolytes for Mg Batteries
17(43)
R. Mohtadi
O. Tutusaus
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Halide-ion Containing Electrolytes
18(15)
2.2.1 Carbon-based Anions
19(1)
2.2.2 Nitrogen-based Anions
20(1)
2.2.3 Oxygen-based Anions
21(6)
2.2.4 Halides as Anions
27(5)
2.2.5 Weakly Coordinating Anions
32(1)
2.3 Chloride-free Magnesium Electrolytes
33(27)
2.3.1 Halogen-free Simple Salts
33(6)
2.3.2 Halogen-based Simple Salts
39(6)
2.3.3 Halogen-based Reagents
45(4)
2.3.4 Electrolytes Based on Non-ethereal Solvents
49(1)
2.3.5 Solid State Electrolytes
50(3)
Acknowledgement
53(1)
References
53(7)
Chapter 3 Solid-state Magnesium-ion Conductors
60(19)
S. Payandeh
A. Remhof
C. Battaglia
3.1 Introduction
60(2)
3.2 Phosphate-based Solid-state Magnesiumion Conductors
62(8)
3.2.1 Cation and Anion Substitution in MZP
64(5)
3.2.2 Other Oxygen Containing Solid-state Magnesium-ion Conductors
69(1)
3.3 Chalcogenide-based Solid-state Magnesium-ion Conductors
70(1)
3.4 Solid-state Magnesium-ion Conductors Based on Complex Metal Hydrides
71(2)
3.5 Solid-state Magnesium-ion Conductors Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks
73(1)
3.6 Conclusion
74(5)
References
75(4)
Chapter 4 Theoretical Modelling of Multivalent Ions in Inorganic Hosts
79(35)
Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam
Pieremanuele Canepa
4.1 Introduction
79(30)
4.1.1 Thermodynamics of Multivalent Electrodes
80(11)
4.1.2 Kinetics of Ionic Diffusion in Materials
91(5)
4.1.3 Density Functional Theory as a Tool to Assess Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties
96(2)
4.1.4 Application of First-principles Methods to Multivalent Ion Intercalation Hosts
98(11)
4.2 Conclusions
109(5)
Acknowledgement
110(1)
References
110(4)
Chapter 5 Anode Materials for Rechargeable Mg Batteries
114(28)
K. Jayasayee
R. Berthelot
K. C. Lethesh
E. M. Sheridan
5.1 Introduction
114(4)
5.2 Insertion-type Anodes
118(9)
5.2.1 Graphite
118(1)
5.2.2 Phospherenes
119(1)
5.2.3 Borophenes
120(1)
5.2.4 Transition Metal Carbides
121(1)
5.2.5 Li4Ti5O12
122(2)
5.2.6 Na2Ti3O7
124(1)
5.2.7 Li3VO4
125(1)
5.2.8 FeVO4
126(1)
5.3 Alloying-type Negative Electrode Materials
127(9)
5.3.1 Electrochemical Behavior of Single Metal Alloy Electrodes
128(4)
5.3.2 Electrochemical Behavior of Bimetallic Alloy Electrodes
132(2)
5.3.3 Interest in the Direct Use of MgxM Alloys
134(2)
5.4 Conclusions and Perspective
136(6)
References
137(5)
Chapter 6 Mg Stripping and Plating at Magnesium Metal and Intermetallic Anodes
142(25)
M. Matsui
6.1 Introduction
142(1)
6.2 Overview of the Electrolyte Solutions
143(7)
6.3 Deposition Mechanism
150(1)
6.4 Surface Morphologies of Electrodeposited Magnesium Metal
151(6)
6.5 Passivation Layer and Possible SEI Layer
157(3)
6.6 Intermetallic Anodes
160(3)
6.7 Summary
163(4)
References
164(3)
Chapter 7 Insertion Electrodes for Magnesium Batteries: Intercalation and Conversion
167(20)
H. D. Yoo
S. H. Oh
7.1 Introduction
167(2)
7.2 Materials for Intercalation
169(10)
7.2.1 Layered Sulfides and Selenides
169(2)
7.2.2 Layered Oxides
171(2)
7.2.3 Graphite
173(2)
7.2.4 VOPO4
175(1)
7.2.5 VS4
176(2)
7.2.6 Prussian Blue Analogues
178(1)
7.3 Materials Based on Conversion and Displacement Reactions
179(3)
7.3.1 Advantages of Conversion/Displacement Reactions for Mg2+ Storage
179(1)
7.3.2 Copper Chaleogenides
180(2)
7.4 Conclusion
182(5)
Acknowledgement
182(1)
References
183(4)
Chapter 8 High Energy Density Insertion Cathode Materials
187(21)
Brian J. Ingram
8.1 Introduction
187(2)
8.2 Techno-economie Modelling
189(4)
8.2.1 Adapting Li-ion Models
189(1)
8.2.2 Establish the Materials Requirements for Transformative Batteries
190(1)
8.2.3 Predicting and Comparing Technology Performances
191(2)
8.3 High Energy Density Materials for Magnesium Insertion Cathodes
193(10)
8.3.1 Oxo-Spinel Structures
196(7)
8.4 Conclusion
203(5)
Acknowledgement
204(1)
References
204(4)
Chapter 9 Organic Compounds as Electrodes for Rechargeable Mg Batteries
208(15)
J. Bitenc
R. Dominko
9.1 Introduction
208(15)
References
220(3)
Chapter 10 Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries
223(18)
Z. Zhao-Karger
10.1 Introduction
223(2)
10.2 Features of a Mg-S Battery
225(1)
10.3 Electrolytes for Mg-S Batteries
226(7)
10.3.1 Complex Electrolytes
227(4)
10.3.2 Mg-ion Conductive Salt-based Electrolytes
231(2)
10.4 Sulfur Cathodes and Cell Configuration
233(3)
10.5 Summary and Outlook
236(5)
Acknowledgements
237(1)
References
238(3)
Chapter 11 Mg-Li Dual-cation Batteries
241(34)
Hongyi Li
Tetsu Ichitsubo
Eiichiro Matsubara
11.1 Introduction
241(2)
11.2 Mg-Li Dual-ion Batteries: Daniell-type
243(4)
11.2.1 Battery Reactions
244(1)
11.2.2 Example of a Practical System
245(2)
11.2.3 Toward High Energy Density Dual-ion Batteries
247(1)
11.3 Mg-Li Dual-ion Batteries: Rocking-chair Type
247(14)
11.3.1 Ideal Charge and Discharge Processes
247(2)
11.3.2 Prototype Battery System
249(1)
11.3.3 Anode Properties of a Mg-Li Alloy
249(5)
11.3.4 Cathode Properties
254(5)
11.3.5 Charge Tests Using Coin Cells
259(2)
11.4 Facilitating Mechanism of Mg Diffusion
261(10)
11.4.1 Structure and Diffusion Path in the Mo6S8 Host
261(1)
11.4.2 Single Ion Migration in a Dilute Mo6S8 Host
261(2)
11.4.3 Mg Migration in Mg-Li Dual-ion Systems
263(1)
11.4.4 Concerted Motion in Single-ion Systems
264(3)
11.4.5 Facilitating Intercalation in Mg-Li Dual-ion Systems
267(2)
11.4.6 Versatility of the Facilitating Mechanism
269(2)
11.5 Conclusions and Remarks
271(4)
Acknowledgements
272(1)
References
273(2)
Chapter 12 Aqueous Mg Batteries
275(34)
Min Deng
Daniel Hoche
Darya Snihirova
Linqian Wang
Bahram Vaghefinazari
Sviatlana V. Lamaka
Mikhail L. Zheludkevich
12.1 Introduction
275(1)
12.2 Types of Aqueous Mg Batteries
276(13)
12.2.1 Mg-MnO2 Dry Cell
278(1)
12.2.2 Mg-Seawater Battery
279(2)
12.2.3 Mg-H2O2 Semi-fuel Cell
281(2)
12.2.4 Mg-Air Battery (Aqueous Type)
283(4)
12.2.5 Other Types
287(2)
12.3 Current Issues of Aqueous Mg Batteries
289(1)
12.4 Performance Improvement of Aqueous Mg Batteries
290(12)
12.4.1 Development of Mg Anodes
290(9)
12.4.2 Electrolyte Modification
299(3)
12.5 Outlook
302(7)
Acknowledgement
303(1)
References
304(5)
Chapter 13 Life Cycle Analysis of a Magnesium-Sulfur Battery
309(22)
Claudia Tomasini Montenegro
Jens F. Peters
Zhirong Zhao-Karger
Christopher Wolter
Marcel Weil
13.1 Introduction
309(2)
13.1.1 Status of the MRB
310(1)
13.2 LCA Method
311(15)
13.2.1 Goal and Scope
312(1)
13.2.2 System and System Boundaries
312(1)
13.2.3 Data Sources and Assumptions
312(2)
13.2.4 Battery Cell Layout
314(1)
13.2.5 Data for Mg-S Battery Production and Assembly
314(1)
13.2.6 Results of the Environmental Impacts Associated with a Mg-S Battery
315(4)
13.2.7 Sensitivity Analysis
319(7)
13.3 Conclusions
326(5)
References
328(3)
Subject Index 331
Maximilian Fichtner is a full professor (W3) for Solid State Chemistry at the Ulm University and head of Materials-I at the Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Storage (HIU), a German Center of Excellence for Battery Research, with approx. 120 employees. Since 2015 he is also Executive Director of the institute. His current research interest is novel principles for energy storage and the related materials in insertion and conversion-type battery systems. Recent work has focused on the new class of Li rich materials with rocksalt structure, anionic shuttles, magnesium batteries, and organic electrode materials.
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