Contributors |
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ix | |
About the Editor |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
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1 Microgrid Control Problems and Related Issues |
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1 | (42) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (4) |
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9 | (9) |
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5 A Microgrid as a System of Systems |
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18 | (8) |
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6 Control Methods for a Microgrid System of Systems |
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26 | (4) |
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30 | (4) |
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34 | (9) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (8) |
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2 Distributed Control Techniques in Microgrids |
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43 | (20) |
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43 | (2) |
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2 Definitions of the Smart Grid and a Microgrid |
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45 | (1) |
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3 Overview of the Control Structure |
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46 | (2) |
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4 Overview of Distributed Techniques |
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48 | (3) |
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5 Applications in Power Systems |
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51 | (2) |
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6 Conclusions and Future Trends |
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53 | (10) |
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57 | (6) |
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3 Hierarchical Power Sharing Control in DC Microgrids |
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63 | (38) |
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63 | (4) |
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2 Power Management Issues |
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67 | (7) |
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3 Primary Control: Level I |
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74 | (6) |
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4 Secondary Control: Level II |
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80 | (5) |
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5 Tertiary Control: Level III |
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85 | (4) |
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6 Autonomous Operation of DC Microgrids |
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89 | (7) |
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7 Conclusion and Future Work |
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96 | (5) |
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97 | (4) |
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4 Master/Slave Power-Based Control of Low-Voltage Microgrids |
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101 | (36) |
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101 | (1) |
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2 Master-Slave Architecture |
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102 | (6) |
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108 | (1) |
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4 Data Collection and Preprocessing |
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109 | (4) |
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113 | (4) |
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6 Remarks on Voltage Control |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (6) |
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124 | (9) |
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133 | (4) |
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134 | (3) |
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5 Load-Frequency Controllers for Distributed Power System Generation Units |
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137 | (36) |
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137 | (3) |
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2 Autonomous Microgrid System |
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140 | (3) |
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3 Reinforcement Learning Techniques |
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143 | (5) |
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4 Online Actor-Critic Neural Network Implementation |
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148 | (1) |
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5 Photovoltaic Solar Cells |
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149 | (3) |
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6 Cooperative Control for Dynamic Games Over Graphs |
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152 | (6) |
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7 Online Adaptive Learning Solution |
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158 | (4) |
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8 Critic Neural Network Implementation for Online Adaptive Learning Algorithm 5.3 |
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162 | (2) |
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9 Online Critic-Network Tuning in Real Time |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (6) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (4) |
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6 An Optimization Approach to Design Robust Controller for Voltage Source Inverters |
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173 | (30) |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (3) |
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3 The Proposed Control Design Method |
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179 | (13) |
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192 | (6) |
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198 | (5) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (3) |
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7 Demand Side Management in Microgrid Control Systems |
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203 | (28) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (3) |
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3 Related Historical Event: The California Electricity Crisis |
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206 | (3) |
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209 | (11) |
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5 Demand-Side Management Methods |
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220 | (8) |
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228 | (3) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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8 Towards a Concept of Cooperating Power Network for Energy Management and Control of Microgrids |
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231 | (32) |
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231 | (4) |
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2 Toward the Concept of a Network of Smart Microgrids |
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235 | (2) |
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3 The Network Model and Architecture |
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237 | (10) |
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4 Power Control Strategy for the Network of MGs |
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247 | (4) |
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5 LQG-Based Optimal Control of Power Flows in a Smart Network of MGs |
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251 | (3) |
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6 Model Predictive Control-Based Power Scheduling in a Network of MGs |
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254 | (5) |
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259 | (4) |
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259 | (4) |
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9 Power Electronics for Microgrids: Concepts and Future Trends |
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263 | (18) |
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1 State of the Art in DC Microgrid Technology |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (5) |
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272 | (1) |
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5 Protection Systems for DC MGs |
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273 | (8) |
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277 | (4) |
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10 Power Electronic Converters in Microgrid Applications |
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281 | (30) |
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281 | (1) |
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2 Power Semiconductor Switches |
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281 | (3) |
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3 Classification of Power Converters |
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284 | (2) |
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4 Conventional Two-Level Converter |
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286 | (9) |
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5 Three-Level Neutral Point-Clamped Inverters |
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295 | (3) |
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6 Different Modes of Operation of Power Converters |
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298 | (1) |
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7 Power Converter Topologies for Renewable and Distributed Energy Systems |
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298 | (10) |
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308 | (3) |
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308 | (3) |
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11 Power Talk: Communication in a DC Microgrid Through Modulation of the Power Electronics Components |
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311 | (30) |
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311 | (2) |
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2 Control in DC Microgrids |
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313 | (5) |
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3 Power Talk for DC Microgrids: The Foundations |
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318 | (4) |
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4 Communication With Detection Spaces |
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322 | (14) |
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5 Constraints: Signaling Space |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (3) |
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339 | (2) |
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12 Pilot-Scale Implementation of Coordinated Control for Autonomous Microgrids |
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341 | (28) |
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1 Electronically Coupled Distributed Generation Units |
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341 | (5) |
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2 Laboratory-Scale Experiment I |
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346 | (6) |
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3 Laboratory-Scale Experiment II |
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352 | (4) |
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4 Laboratory-Scale Experiment III |
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356 | (9) |
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365 | (4) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (3) |
Index |
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369 | |