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E-raamat: Miniaturized Testing of Engineering Materials

(Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India), (PSG Institutions, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, India), (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India)
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This volume details methods for miniature specimen testing using sizes much smaller (0.3-3.0 mm) than conventional sizes, to characterize the mechanical properties of engineering materials, including scaled-down versions of tensile, impact, and fracture toughness tests, as well as the punch and indentation-based nonconventional techniques. It outlines different conventional mechanical test methods and the specimen sizes they use and the need to use miniaturized specimens in applications where conventional tests are not possible; miniaturized test methods for the determination of tensile properties and associated flow curve of material; methods for fatigue and fracture toughness determination; specimen size effects, their influence on the measured mechanical properties, and various factors, such as number of grains, constraints, and deformation/failure mechanisms, that have size effects for each of the test techniques; and the applications of this testing technology to nuclear (irradiated components), power plant structures, narrow zones like weld joints and coatings, and characterizing nanomaterials and biomaterials. Annotation ©2016 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

This book is a comprehensive overview of methods of characterizing the mechanical properties of engineering materials using specimen sizes in the micro-scale regime (0.3-5.0 mm). A range of issues associated with miniature specimen testing like correlation methodologies for data transferability between different specimen sizes, use of numerical simulation/analysis for data inversion, application to actual structures using scooped out samples or by in-situ testing, and more importantly developing a common code of practice are discussed and presented in a concise manner.

Arvustused

The book covers ALL aspects of miniature specimen testing methods along with specimen designs and limitations for those which are now currently well established with many being also considered for ASTM standards. This book will be an invaluable source for graduate students and researchers involved with small specimen testing in various engineering and science disciplines. In addition, this book is a must-to-have for personnel involved with various technologies where limited amounts of materials are available and/or interested in characterization of damage accumulated in various structures of interest. K. Linga Murty, North Carolina State University

The book is a very good summary and collection of existing works on miniaturized mechanical testing techniques. The book covers relevant and essential topics that are needed in designing, instrumenting and implementing miniature testing methodologies. The book also provides sound insight on the science behind each of the testing methodologies. Frank Liou, Missouri University of Science and Technology

"This book brings the experience of the authors who have spent more than one decade in the determination of mechanical properties such as tensile properties, toughness properties and fracture properties through the use of small volume specimen testing methods. Being the first of its kind from India, this book serves the needs of young researchers to sensitize them on the fundamental issues relating to small specimen testing methods. The materials considered are structural materials that are used in the power plant industries and the test methods cover all the basic properties required for materials mechanical property characterization." Raghu V. Prakash, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India

Preface xi
Authors xiii
1 Introduction
1(22)
1.1 Materials and Properties
1(1)
1.2 Mechanical Properties and Microstructure
2(1)
1.3 Techniques for Mechanical Property Characterization
3(8)
1.4 Standards for Mechanical Testing
11(1)
1.5 Specimen Dimensions
11(3)
1.5.1 Tensile, Fatigue, and Creep Test Specimens
11(1)
1.5.2 Fracture Toughness Specimens
12(2)
1.6 Need for Specimen Miniaturization
14(3)
1.6.1 Alloy Design and Development
15(1)
1.6.2 Periodic Assessment and Life Extension of Engineering Components
15(1)
1.6.3 Weld Joints and Coatings
16(1)
1.6.4 Failure Analysis
16(1)
1.6.5 Micro- and Nanodevices
17(1)
1.7 Miniaturized Specimen Testing---A Genesis
17(3)
1.8 Spin-Off Applications of Specimen Miniaturization
20(1)
1.9 Concluding Remarks
21(2)
References
21(2)
2 Miniature Specimen Testing for Tensile and Plastic Flow Properties
23(62)
2.1 Introduction
23(1)
2.2 Tensile Tests with Subsize Specimens
24(10)
2.2.1 Influence of Thickness-to-Grain Size Ratio
25(1)
2.2.2 Ultra Subsize Specimen Designs
26(3)
2.2.3 Challenges in Subsize Tensile Testing
29(1)
2.2.3.1 Specimen Machining and Gripping
29(1)
2.2.3.2 Strain Measurements
30(2)
2.2.4 Micro- and Nanoscale Tensile Testing
32(2)
2.2.4.1 Actuation and Force/Displacement Measurement
34(1)
2.3 Shear Punch Test
34(13)
2.3.1 Experimental Methods
36(1)
2.3.2 Analysis of Load-Displacement Curve
36(4)
2.3.3 Effect of Specimen Thickness and Clearance Zone
40(1)
2.3.4 Tensile--Shear Strength Correlations
41(3)
2.3.5 Ductility from Shear Punch Test
44(3)
2.4 Ball-Indentation Technique
47(19)
2.4.1 Flow Stress from Indentation
48(2)
2.4.2 Strain Definition
50(1)
2.4.3 Cyclic Indentation Tests
51(1)
2.4.4 Yield Strength from Indentation
52(1)
2.4.5 Contact Area and Pileup/Sink-In Phenomena
53(3)
2.4.6 Numerical Studies on Ball Indentation
56(1)
2.4.6.1 Machine Compliance
56(2)
2.4.6.2 Friction Effects
58(1)
2.4.6.3 Analysis of Pileup/Sink-In
59(2)
2.4.6.4 Numerical Methods for Stress-Strain Evaluation
61(5)
2.5 Small Punch Test
66(12)
2.5.1 Deformation Regimes in Small Punch Tests
68(3)
2.5.2 Correlation with Tensile Properties
71(1)
2.5.3 Numerical Studies
72(6)
2.6 Concluding Remarks
78(7)
References
79(6)
3 Miniature Specimens for Fatigue and Fracture Properties
85(26)
3.1 Subsize Charpy Specimen Impact Testing
85(6)
3.1.1 Energy Correlation
86(2)
3.1.2 Transition Temperature Correlation
88(2)
3.1.3 Scaling of Instrumented Impact Test Parameters
90(1)
3.1.4 Challenges in Subsize Impact Testing
90(1)
3.2 Fracture Toughness KIC/JIC with Subsize Specimens
91(4)
3.2.1 Toughness in Transition Regime
93(2)
3.3 Specimen Reconstitution Methods
95(2)
3.4 Fatigue and Fatigue Crack Growth Studies Using Subsize Specimens
97(2)
3.4.1 Fatigue Crack Growth Studies
97(2)
3.5 Fracture Toughness from Small Punch Technique
99(4)
3.5.1 Ductile--Brittle Transition from Small Punch
99(1)
3.5.2 Toughness---Lower and Upper Shelf
100(1)
3.5.3 Small Punch Using Notched Specimen
101(2)
3.6 Fracture Toughness from Indentation Techniques
103(2)
3.6.1 Indentation Energy to Fracture
104(1)
3.6.2 Continuum Damage Mechanics Approach
105(1)
3.7 Concluding Remarks
105(6)
References
106(5)
4 Critical Issues in Small Specimen Testing
111(20)
4.1 Introduction
111(1)
4.2 Specimen Size Effects and Their Influence on Mechanical Behavior
111(6)
4.2.1 Size Effect in Subsize Tensile and Punch Tests
114(1)
4.2.2 Specimen Size Requirements for Spherical Indentation
115(1)
4.2.2.1 Indentation Size Effect
116(1)
4.2.3 Size Effect in Fracture Toughness Testing
116(1)
4.3 Issues Related to Specimen Orientation and Stress State
117(1)
4.4 Specimen Preparation Methods
118(1)
4.5 Uncertainty in Small Specimen Testing
119(1)
4.6 Round-Robin Exercises
120(7)
4.6.1 The European Code of Practice for Small Punch (SP) Testing
121(4)
4.6.2 Round-Robin Experiments of Ball Indentation
125(2)
4.7 Concluding Remarks
127(4)
References
128(3)
5 Applications of Small Specimen Testing
131(28)
5.1 Introduction
131(1)
5.2 Condition Monitoring of Plant Components
131(2)
5.2.1 Unique Challenges in the Nuclear Industry and Advantages of Small Specimens
132(1)
5.3 Sampling Techniques
133(4)
5.3.1 Considerations in Sample Removal
136(1)
5.4 Field Equipment for In Situ Testing
137(1)
5.5 Residual Life Assessment
138(3)
5.6 Properties of Weld Joints
141(3)
5.7 Coatings and Surface-Treated Components
144(3)
5.8 Material Development Programs
147(7)
5.8.1 Nanomaterials and Composites
147(3)
5.8.2 Metallic Glass
150(1)
5.8.3 Biomaterials
151(3)
5.9 Electronic Industry
154(1)
5.10 Concluding Remarks
154(5)
References
155(4)
Index 159
Dr. T. Karthik is having teaching experience of 6 years and industrial experience of 5 years and handling various garment and spinning related subjects particularly in the area of Apparel manufacutirng technology, Process and quality control in apparel manufacturing and Process & Quality control in spinning for the past 6 years. The author has published more than 50 articles in reputed international and national journals and has a H-Index of 4 (Google scholar) and 3 (Scopus Index). Have published 2 books (4 book in Printing) and contributed three book chapters in Springer. He is the member in Professional bodies such as TAI and MIE.

Dr. Ganesan has been teaching for the last 8 years and industrial experience of 3 years in apparel industry and handling various garment and cehmical processing related subjects particularly in the area of Apparel manufacutirng technology, Process and quality control in apparel manufacturing and Apparel marketing and merchandising for the past 8 years. The author has published about 43 articles in reputed international and national journals and has the H-Idex of 3 (Googel scholar). Have contributed one book chapter in Springer. He is the member in Professional bodies such as MIE. He has received two government research projects worth about 50 lakh rupees. He has recieved Young Talent Search award from SDC, Mumbai.

Mr. Gopalakrishnan having teaching experience of 7 years and industrial experience of 2 years in apparel industry. He is handling apparel subjects such as Pattern making, Garment construction, Apparel merchandisng and costing for the UG students for the past 7 years. The author has published more than 65 articles in reputed international and national journals and presented more than 20 research papers in conferences. Has contributed one book chapter in Springer.
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