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1 Introduction to Accelerator Physics |
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3 | (40) |
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1.1 Short Historical Overview |
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3 | (4) |
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1.2 Particle Accelerator Systems |
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7 | (4) |
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1.2.1 Main Components of Accelerator Facilities |
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7 | (3) |
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1.2.2 Applications of Particle Accelerators |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3 Definitions and Formulas |
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11 | (3) |
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1.3.1 Units and Dimensions |
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11 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Maxwell's Equations |
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13 | (1) |
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1.4 Primer in Special Relativity |
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14 | (12) |
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1.4.1 Lorentz Transformation |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (4) |
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1.4.3 Spatial and Spectral Distribution of Radiation |
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22 | (2) |
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1.4.4 Particle Collisions at High Energies |
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24 | (2) |
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1.5 Principles of Particle-Beam Dynamics |
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26 | (17) |
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1.5.1 Electromagnetic Fields of Charged Particles |
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26 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Vector and Scalar Potential |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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1.5.7 Charged Particles in an Electromagnetic Field |
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33 | (1) |
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1.5.8 Linear Equation of Motion |
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34 | (1) |
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1.5.9 Energy Conservation |
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35 | (2) |
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1.5.10 Stability of a Charged-Particle Beam |
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37 | (4) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (16) |
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2.1 Principles of Linear Accelerators |
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43 | (5) |
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2.1.1 Charged Particles in Electric Fields |
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44 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Electrostatic Accelerators |
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45 | (3) |
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2.2 Electric Field Components |
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48 | (6) |
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2.2.1 Electrostatic Deflectors |
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48 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Electrostatic Focusing Devices |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
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2.3 Acceleration by rf Fields |
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54 | (5) |
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2.3.1 Basic Principle of Microwave Linear Accelerators |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (24) |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (2) |
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3.4 Acceleration by rf Fields |
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68 | (15) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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3.4.7 Summary of Characteristic Parameters |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (4) |
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4 Elements of Classical Mechanics |
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83 | (16) |
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4.1 How to Formulate a Lagrangian? |
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85 | (1) |
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4.1.1 The Lagrangian for a Charged Particle in an EM-Field |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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4.3 Frenet-Serret Coordinates |
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87 | (1) |
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4.4 Hamiltonian Formulation |
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88 | (11) |
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90 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Canonical Transformations |
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90 | (3) |
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4.4.3 Curvilinear Coordinates |
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93 | (2) |
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4.4.4 Extended Hamiltonian |
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95 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Change of Independent Variable |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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5 Particle Dynamics in Electro-Magnetic Fields |
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99 | (26) |
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99 | (1) |
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5.2 Fundamentals of Charged Particle Beam Optics |
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100 | (6) |
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5.2.1 Particle Beam Guidance |
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100 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Particle Beam Focusing |
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102 | (4) |
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106 | (3) |
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5.4 Equations of Motion from the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian |
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109 | (7) |
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5.4.1 Equations of Motion from Lagrangian |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Equation of Motion from Hamiltonian |
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112 | (2) |
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5.4.4 Harmonic Oscillator |
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114 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Action-Angle Variables |
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115 | (1) |
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5.5 Solutions of the Linear Equations of Motion |
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116 | (9) |
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5.5.1 Linear Unperturbed Equation of Motion |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (52) |
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6.1 Pure Multipole Field Expansion |
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125 | (13) |
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6.1.1 Electromagnetic Potentials and Fields for Beam Dynamics |
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126 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Fields, Gradients and Multipole Strength Parameter |
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128 | (3) |
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6.1.3 Main Magnets for Beam Dynamics |
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131 | (6) |
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6.1.4 Multipole Misalignment and "Spill-down" |
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137 | (1) |
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6.2 Main Magnet Design Criteria |
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138 | (7) |
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6.2.1 Design Characteristics of Dipole Magnets |
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138 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Quadrupole Design Concepts |
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140 | (5) |
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6.3 Magnetic Field Measurement |
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145 | (7) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (4) |
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6.4 General Transverse Magnetic-Field Expansion |
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152 | (8) |
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6.4.1 Pure Multipole Magnets |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (5) |
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6.5 Third-Order Differential Equation of Motion |
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160 | (5) |
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6.6 Longitudinal Field Devices |
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165 | (2) |
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6.7 Periodic Wiggler Magnets |
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167 | (5) |
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6.7.1 Wiggler Field Configuration |
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168 | (4) |
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6.8 Electrostatic Quadrupole |
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172 | (5) |
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174 | (3) |
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7 Single Particle Dynamics |
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177 | (36) |
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7.1 Linear Beam Transport Systems |
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178 | (2) |
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179 | (1) |
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7.2 Matrix Formalism in Linear Beam Dynamics |
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180 | (10) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (2) |
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7.2.3 Thin Lens Approximation |
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184 | (3) |
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7.2.4 Quadrupole End Field Effects |
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187 | (3) |
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7.3 Focusing in Bending Magnets |
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190 | (15) |
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191 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Fringe Field Effects |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (2) |
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7.3.6 Focusing in a Wiggler Magnet |
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200 | (3) |
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7.3.7 Hard-Edge Model of Wiggler Magnets |
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203 | (2) |
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7.4 Elements of Beam Dynamics |
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205 | (8) |
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7.4.1 Building Blocks for Beam Transport Lines |
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205 | (3) |
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7.4.2 Isochronous Systems |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (2) |
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8 Particle Beams and Phase Space |
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213 | (40) |
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214 | (13) |
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8.1.1 Liouville's Theorem |
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215 | (3) |
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8.1.2 Transformation in Phase Space |
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218 | (4) |
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222 | (5) |
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227 | (4) |
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230 | (1) |
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8.3 Beam Dynamics in Terms of Betatron Functions |
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231 | (5) |
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8.3.1 Beam Dynamics in Normalized Coordinates |
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233 | (3) |
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236 | (17) |
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8.4.1 Analytical Solution |
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237 | (1) |
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8.4.2 3 × 3-Transformation Matrices |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (4) |
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244 | (1) |
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8.4.5 Measurement of Beam Energy Spectrum |
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245 | (3) |
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8.4.6 Path Length and Momentum Compaction |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (2) |
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9 Longitudinal Beam Dynamics |
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253 | (50) |
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9.1 Longitudinal Particle Motion |
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254 | (5) |
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9.1.1 Longitudinal Phase Space Dynamics |
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256 | (3) |
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9.2 Equation of Motion in Phase Space |
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259 | (15) |
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9.2.1 Small Oscillation Amplitudes |
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262 | (4) |
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266 | (4) |
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9.2.3 Acceleration of Charged Particles |
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270 | (4) |
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9.3 Longitudinal Phase Space Parameters |
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274 | (12) |
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9.3.1 Separatrix Parameters |
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274 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Momentum Acceptance |
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275 | (3) |
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278 | (2) |
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9.3.4 Longitudinal Beam Emittance |
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280 | (2) |
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9.3.5 Phase Space Matching |
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282 | (4) |
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9.4 Higher-Order Phase Focusing |
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286 | (17) |
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9.4.1 Dispersion Function in Higher Order |
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287 | (2) |
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9.4.2 Path Length in Higher Order |
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289 | (2) |
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9.4.3 Higher Order Momentum Compaction Factor |
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291 | (1) |
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9.4.4 Higher-Order Phase Space Motion |
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292 | (4) |
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296 | (6) |
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302 | (1) |
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10 Periodic Focusing Systems |
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303 | (50) |
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304 | (11) |
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10.1.1 Scaling of FODO Parameters |
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305 | (4) |
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10.1.2 Betatron Motion in Periodic Structures |
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309 | (2) |
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10.1.3 General FODO Lattice |
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311 | (4) |
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10.2 Beam Dynamics in Periodic Closed Lattices |
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315 | (24) |
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315 | (3) |
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10.2.2 Periodic Betatron Functions |
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318 | (3) |
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10.2.3 Periodic Dispersion Function |
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321 | (8) |
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10.2.4 Periodic Lattices in Circular Accelerators |
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329 | (10) |
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10.3 FODO Lattice and Acceleration |
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339 | (14) |
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339 | (2) |
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10.3.2 Transverse Beam Dynamics and Acceleration |
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341 | (8) |
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349 | (4) |
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11 Particle Beam Parameters |
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353 | (48) |
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11.1 Definition of Beam Parameters |
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353 | (5) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (7) |
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11.2.1 Robinson Criterion |
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358 | (7) |
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11.3 Particle Distribution in Longitudinal Phase Space |
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365 | (3) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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11.4 Transverse Beam Emittance |
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368 | (7) |
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11.4.1 Equilibrium Beam Emittance |
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369 | (2) |
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11.4.2 Emittance Increase in a Beam Transport Line |
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371 | (1) |
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11.4.3 Vertical Beam Emittance |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (2) |
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375 | (1) |
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11.5 Variation of the Damping Distribution |
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375 | (2) |
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11.5.1 Damping Partition and Rf-Frequency |
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375 | (2) |
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11.6 Variation of the Equilibrium Beam Emittance |
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377 | (5) |
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11.6.1 Beam Emittance and Wiggler Magnets |
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377 | (3) |
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380 | (2) |
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382 | (3) |
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11.7.1 Damping Partition and Synchrotron Oscillation |
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382 | (2) |
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11.7.2 Can We Eliminate the Beam Energy Spread? |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (16) |
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11.8.1 Beam Lifetime and Vacuum |
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386 | (9) |
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11.8.2 Ultra High Vacuum System |
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395 | (4) |
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399 | (2) |
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12 Vlasov and Fokker--Planck Equations |
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401 | (36) |
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402 | (9) |
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12.1.1 Betatron Oscillations and Perturbations |
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408 | (2) |
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410 | (1) |
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12.2 Damping of Oscillations in Electron Accelerators |
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411 | (11) |
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12.2.1 Damping of Synchrotron Oscillations |
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412 | (4) |
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12.2.2 Damping of Vertical Betatron Oscillations |
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416 | (3) |
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12.2.3 Robinson's Damping Criterion |
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419 | (3) |
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12.2.4 Damping of Horizontal Betatron Oscillations |
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422 | (1) |
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12.3 The Fokker--Planck Equation |
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422 | (15) |
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12.3.1 Stationary Solution of the Fokker--Planck Equation |
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425 | (5) |
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12.3.2 Particle Distribution within a Finite Aperture |
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430 | (2) |
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12.3.3 Particle Distribution in the Absence of Damping |
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432 | (3) |
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435 | (2) |
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13 Equilibrium Particle Distribution |
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437 | (22) |
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13.1 Particle Distribution in Phase Space |
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437 | (4) |
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13.1.1 Diffusion Coefficient and Synchrotron Radiation |
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438 | (2) |
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13.1.2 Quantum Excitation of Beam Emittance |
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440 | (1) |
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13.2 Equilibrium Beam Emittance |
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441 | (3) |
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13.2.1 Horizontal Equilibrium Beam Emittance |
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441 | (1) |
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13.2.2 Vertical Equilibrium Beam Emittance |
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442 | (2) |
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13.3 Equilibrium Energy Spread and Bunch Length |
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444 | (2) |
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13.3.1 Equilibrium Beam Energy Spread |
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444 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Equilibrium Bunch Length |
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444 | (2) |
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13.4 Phase-Space Manipulation |
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446 | (7) |
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13.4.1 Exchange of Transverse Phase-Space Parameters |
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446 | (1) |
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446 | (3) |
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449 | (4) |
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13.5 Polarization of a Particle Beam |
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453 | (6) |
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457 | (2) |
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14 Beam Emittance and Lattice Design |
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459 | (18) |
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14.1 Equilibrium Beam Emittance in Storage Rings |
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461 | (4) |
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461 | (1) |
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14.1.2 Minimum Beam Emittance |
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462 | (3) |
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14.2 Absolute Minimum Emittance |
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465 | (3) |
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14.3 Beam Emittance in Periodic Lattices |
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468 | (9) |
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14.3.1 The Double Bend Achromat Lattice (DBA) |
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469 | (1) |
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470 | (2) |
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14.3.3 Optimum Emittance for Colliding Beam Storage Rings |
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472 | (1) |
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472 | (5) |
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15 Perturbations in Beam Dynamics |
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477 | (62) |
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15.1 Magnet Field and Alignment Errors |
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478 | (2) |
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15.1.1 Self Compensation of Perturbations |
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479 | (1) |
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15.2 Dipole Field Perturbations |
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480 | (19) |
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15.2.1 Dipole Field Errors and Dispersion Function |
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482 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Perturbations in Open Transport Lines |
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482 | (2) |
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15.2.3 Existence of Equilibrium Orbits |
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484 | (2) |
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15.2.4 Closed Orbit Distortion |
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486 | (4) |
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15.2.5 Statistical Distribution of Dipole Field and Alignment Errors |
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490 | (2) |
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15.2.6 Dipole Field Errors in Insertion Devices |
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492 | (2) |
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15.2.7 Closed Orbit Correction |
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494 | (2) |
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496 | (1) |
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15.2.9 Orbit Correction with Single Value Decomposition (SVD) |
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497 | (2) |
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15.3 Quadrupole Field Perturbations |
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499 | (10) |
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15.3.1 Betatron Tune Shift |
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500 | (2) |
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15.3.2 Optics Perturbation Due to Insertion Devices |
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502 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Resonances and Stop Band Width |
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503 | (3) |
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15.3.4 Perturbation of Betatron Function |
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506 | (3) |
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15.4 Chromatic Effects in a Circular Accelerator |
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509 | (13) |
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509 | (4) |
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15.4.2 Chromaticity Correction |
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513 | (1) |
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15.4.3 Chromaticity in Higher Approximation |
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514 | (3) |
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15.4.4 Non-linear Chromaticity |
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517 | (5) |
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15.5 Kinematic Perturbation Terms |
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522 | (2) |
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15.6 Perturbation Methods in Beam Dynamics |
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524 | (7) |
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15.6.1 Periodic Distribution of Statistical Perturbations |
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525 | (3) |
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15.6.2 Periodic Perturbations in Circular Accelerators |
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528 | (2) |
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15.6.3 Statistical Methods to Evaluate Perturbations |
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530 | (1) |
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15.7 Control of Beam Size in Transport Lines |
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531 | (8) |
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538 | (1) |
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539 | (26) |
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539 | (8) |
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16.1.1 Resonance Conditions |
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540 | (4) |
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16.1.2 Coupling Resonances |
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544 | (1) |
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545 | (2) |
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16.2 Hamiltonian Resonance Theory |
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547 | (13) |
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16.2.1 Non-linear Hamiltonian |
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547 | (3) |
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550 | (3) |
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16.2.3 Resonance Patterns and Stop-Band Width |
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553 | (2) |
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16.2.4 Half-Integer Stop-Band |
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555 | (1) |
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556 | (2) |
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16.2.6 General Stop-Band Width |
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558 | (2) |
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16.3 Third-Order Resonance |
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560 | (5) |
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16.3.1 Particle Motion in Phase Space |
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563 | (1) |
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564 | (1) |
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17 Hamiltonian Nonlinear Beam Dynamics |
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565 | (38) |
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17.1 Higher-Order Beam Dynamics |
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565 | (8) |
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565 | (4) |
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17.1.2 Non-linear Matrix Formalism |
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569 | (4) |
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573 | (15) |
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17.2.1 Geometric Aberrations |
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575 | (6) |
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17.2.2 Filamentation of Phase Space |
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581 | (3) |
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17.2.3 Chromatic Aberrations |
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584 | (3) |
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587 | (1) |
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17.3 Hamiltonian Perturbation Theory |
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588 | (15) |
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17.3.1 Tune Shift in Higher Order |
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595 | (4) |
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599 | (4) |
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18 Charged Particle Acceleration |
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603 | (38) |
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18.1 Rf-Waveguides and Cavities |
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603 | (11) |
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604 | (1) |
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18.1.2 Rectangular Waveguide Modes |
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605 | (5) |
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18.1.3 Cylindrical Waveguide Modes |
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610 | (4) |
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614 | (9) |
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614 | (1) |
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18.2.2 Cylindrical Cavity |
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614 | (2) |
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616 | (1) |
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18.2.4 Rf-Cavity as an Oscillator |
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617 | (2) |
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18.2.5 Cavity Losses and Shunt Impedance |
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619 | (4) |
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623 | (2) |
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18.3.1 Synchronous Phase and Rf-voltage |
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625 | (1) |
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625 | (9) |
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18.4.1 Basic Waveguide Parameters |
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626 | (6) |
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18.4.2 Particle Capture in a Linear Accelerator Field |
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632 | (2) |
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18.5 Preinjector and Beam Preparation |
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634 | (7) |
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634 | (2) |
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636 | (2) |
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638 | (2) |
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640 | (1) |
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19 Beam-Cavity Interaction |
|
|
641 | (28) |
|
19.1 Coupling Between rf-Field and Particles |
|
|
641 | (4) |
|
19.1.1 Network Modelling of an Accelerating Cavity |
|
|
642 | (3) |
|
19.2 Beam Loading and Rf-System |
|
|
645 | (5) |
|
19.3 Higher-Order Mode Losses in an Rf-Cavity |
|
|
650 | (4) |
|
19.3.1 Efficiency of Energy Transfer from Cavity to Beam |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (2) |
|
19.5 Phase Oscillation and Stability |
|
|
656 | (13) |
|
|
657 | (5) |
|
19.5.2 Potential Well Distortion |
|
|
662 | (3) |
|
|
665 | (4) |
|
|
|
20 Dynamics of Coupled Motion |
|
|
669 | (32) |
|
20.1 Equations of Motion in Coupled Systems |
|
|
669 | (9) |
|
20.1.1 Coupled Beam Dynamics in Skew Quadrupoles |
|
|
670 | (2) |
|
20.1.2 Particle Motion in a Solenoidal Field |
|
|
672 | (3) |
|
20.1.3 Transformation Matrix for a Solenoid Magnet |
|
|
675 | (3) |
|
20.2 Betatron Functions for Coupled Motion |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
20.3 Conjugate Trajectories |
|
|
679 | (6) |
|
20.4 Hamiltonian and Coupling |
|
|
685 | (16) |
|
20.4.1 Linearly Coupled Motion |
|
|
686 | (9) |
|
20.4.2 Higher-Order Coupling Resonances |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
20.4.3 Multiple Resonances |
|
|
695 | (2) |
|
|
697 | (4) |
|
|
|
21 Statistical and Collective Effects |
|
|
701 | (36) |
|
|
702 | (6) |
|
|
702 | (2) |
|
21.1.2 Stochastic Cooling |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
705 | (1) |
|
21.1.4 Intra-Beam Scattering |
|
|
706 | (2) |
|
21.2 Collective Self Fields |
|
|
708 | (19) |
|
21.2.1 Self Field for Elliptical Particle Beams |
|
|
709 | (3) |
|
|
712 | (3) |
|
21.2.3 Transverse Self Fields |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
21.2.4 Fields from Image Charges |
|
|
715 | (5) |
|
21.2.5 Space-Charge Effects |
|
|
720 | (5) |
|
21.2.6 Longitudinal Space-Charge Field |
|
|
725 | (2) |
|
21.3 Beam-Current Spectrum |
|
|
727 | (10) |
|
21.3.1 Longitudinal Beam Spectrum |
|
|
727 | (3) |
|
21.3.2 Transverse Beam Spectrum |
|
|
730 | (4) |
|
|
734 | (3) |
|
22 Wake Fields and Instabilities |
|
|
737 | (62) |
|
22.1 Definitions of Wake Field and Impedance |
|
|
738 | (13) |
|
22.1.1 Parasitic Mode Losses and Impedances |
|
|
739 | (4) |
|
22.1.2 Longitudinal Wake Fields |
|
|
743 | (6) |
|
22.1.3 Transverse Wake Fields |
|
|
749 | (1) |
|
22.1.4 Panofsky-Wenzel Theorem |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
22.2 Impedances in an Accelerator Environment |
|
|
751 | (5) |
|
22.2.1 Space-Charge Impedance |
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
22.2.2 Resistive-Wall Impedance |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
22.2.3 Cavity-Like Structure Impedance |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
22.2.4 Overall Accelerator Impedance |
|
|
754 | (2) |
|
22.2.5 Broad-Band Wake Fields in a Linear Accelerator |
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
22.3 Coasting-Beam Instabilities |
|
|
756 | (15) |
|
22.3.1 Negative-Mass Instability |
|
|
757 | (3) |
|
22.3.2 Dispersion Relation |
|
|
760 | (7) |
|
|
767 | (2) |
|
22.3.4 Transverse Coasting-Beam Instability |
|
|
769 | (2) |
|
22.4 Longitudinal Single-Bunch Effects |
|
|
771 | (8) |
|
22.4.1 Potential-Well Distortion |
|
|
771 | (8) |
|
22.5 Transverse Single-Bunch Instabilities |
|
|
779 | (10) |
|
22.5.1 Beam Break-Up in Linear Accelerators |
|
|
779 | (2) |
|
22.5.2 Fast Head-Tail Effect |
|
|
781 | (5) |
|
22.5.3 Head-Tail Instability |
|
|
786 | (3) |
|
22.6 Multi-Bunch Instabilities |
|
|
789 | (10) |
|
|
795 | (4) |
|
Part IX Synchrotron Radiation |
|
|
|
|
799 | (16) |
|
23.1 Radiation from Moving Charges |
|
|
799 | (5) |
|
23.1.1 Why Do Charged Particles Radiate? |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
23.1.2 Spontaneous Synchrotron Radiation |
|
|
801 | (1) |
|
23.1.3 Stimulated Radiation |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
|
803 | (1) |
|
23.2 Conservation Laws and Radiation |
|
|
804 | (3) |
|
23.2.1 Cherenkov Radiation |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
23.3 Electromagnetic Radiation |
|
|
807 | (8) |
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
|
809 | (4) |
|
|
813 | (2) |
|
24 Overview of Synchrotron Radiation |
|
|
815 | (42) |
|
|
816 | (14) |
|
24.1.1 Bending Magnet Radiation |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
24.1.3 Wavelength Shifter |
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
24.1.4 Wiggler Magnet Radiation |
|
|
819 | (3) |
|
24.1.5 Undulator Radiation |
|
|
822 | (8) |
|
|
830 | (4) |
|
|
834 | (5) |
|
24.4 Spatial Photon Distribution |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
24.5 Fraunhofer Diffraction |
|
|
840 | (3) |
|
|
843 | (3) |
|
|
846 | (2) |
|
|
848 | (3) |
|
|
849 | (2) |
|
24.9 Photon Source Parameters |
|
|
851 | (6) |
|
|
854 | (3) |
|
25 Theory of Synchrotron Radiation |
|
|
857 | (38) |
|
|
857 | (7) |
|
25.2 Total Radiation Power and Energy Loss |
|
|
864 | (4) |
|
25.2.1 Transition Radiation |
|
|
865 | (3) |
|
25.3 Spatial Radiation Distribution |
|
|
868 | (5) |
|
|
868 | (5) |
|
25.4 Radiation Field in the Frequency Domain |
|
|
873 | (10) |
|
25.4.1 Spectral Distribution in Space and Polarization |
|
|
877 | (2) |
|
25.4.2 Spectral and Spatial Photon Flux |
|
|
879 | (1) |
|
25.4.3 Harmonic Representation |
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
25.4.4 Spatial Radiation Power Distribution |
|
|
881 | (2) |
|
25.5 Asymptotic Solutions |
|
|
883 | (2) |
|
25.5.1 Low Frequencies and Small Observation Angles |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
25.5.2 High Frequencies or Large Observation Angles |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
25.6 Angle-Integrated Spectrum |
|
|
885 | (6) |
|
25.7 Statistical Radiation Parameters |
|
|
891 | (4) |
|
|
893 | (2) |
|
26 Insertion Device Radiation |
|
|
895 | (34) |
|
26.1 Particle Dynamics in a Periodic Field Magnet |
|
|
896 | (3) |
|
|
899 | (19) |
|
26.2.1 Fundamental Wavelength |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
26.2.3 Spatial and Spectral Distribution |
|
|
901 | (13) |
|
|
914 | (3) |
|
26.2.5 Spectral Undulator Brightness |
|
|
917 | (1) |
|
26.3 Elliptical Polarization |
|
|
918 | (11) |
|
26.3.1 Elliptical Polarization from Bending Magnet Radiation |
|
|
918 | (3) |
|
26.3.2 Elliptical Polarization from Periodic Insertion Devices |
|
|
921 | (6) |
|
|
927 | (2) |
|
|
929 | (20) |
|
|
930 | (12) |
|
|
932 | (2) |
|
27.1.2 Equation of Motion |
|
|
934 | (3) |
|
|
937 | (5) |
|
27.2 High Gain Free Electron Laser |
|
|
942 | (7) |
|
27.2.1 Electron Dynamics in a SASE FEL |
|
|
942 | (3) |
|
|
945 | (1) |
|
|
945 | (2) |
|
|
947 | (1) |
|
|
947 | (2) |
|
|
949 | (34) |
|
A Useful Mathematical Formulae |
|
|
983 | (10) |
|
|
983 | (10) |
|
A.1.1 Differential Vector Expressions |
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
A.1.2 Algebraic Relations |
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
A.1.3 Differential Relations |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
A.1.4 Partial Integration |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
A.1.5 Trigonometric and Exponential Functions |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
A.1.7 Dirac's Delta Function |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
A.1.11 Coordinate Transformations |
|
|
988 | (5) |
|
B Physical Formulae and Parameters |
|
|
993 | (12) |
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
B.2 Relations of Fundamental Parameters |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
B.5 Wave and Field Equations |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
B.6 Relativistic Relations |
|
|
996 | (2) |
|
B.6.1 Lorentz Transformation |
|
|
996 | (1) |
|
|
997 | (1) |
|
B.6.3 Square of the 4-Acceleration |
|
|
998 | (1) |
|
B.6.4 Miscellaneous 4-Vectors and Lorentz Invariant Properties |
|
|
998 | (1) |
|
B.7 Transformation Matrices in Beam Dynamics |
|
|
998 | (1) |
|
B.8 General Transformation Matrix |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
B.8.1 Symmetric Magnet Arrangement |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
B.8.2 Inverse Transformation Matrix |
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
B.9 Specific Transformation Matrices |
|
|
1000 | (5) |
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
|
1000 | (3) |
|
|
1003 | (2) |
Index |
|
1005 | |