Preface |
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xix | |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (4) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (3) |
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1.3 Design Philosophy of Pavements |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 Major Pavement Design Methods |
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7 | (3) |
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1.4.1 The AASHTO 1993 Pavement Design Guide |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.2 The AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) Design Guide |
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8 | (2) |
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1.4.3 Other Design Methods |
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10 | (1) |
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1.4.4 International Design Methods |
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10 | (1) |
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1.5 Other Design Considerations |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.7 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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2 Stress-Strain in Pavement |
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13 | (40) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2 Stress-Stain in Flexible Pavement |
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14 | (13) |
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2.2.1 Single-Layer Elastic Analysis |
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15 | (10) |
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2.2.2 Two-Layer Elastic Analysis |
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25 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Multilayer Elastic Analysis |
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27 | (1) |
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2.3 Stress-Stain in Rigid Pavement |
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27 | (12) |
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28 | (5) |
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2.3.2 Traffic-Induced Stress |
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33 | (4) |
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2.3.3 Friction-Induced Stress |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (5) |
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2.5 Finite Element Analysis |
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44 | (3) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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2.6 Numerical Analysis Tools |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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2.8 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (38) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (17) |
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54 | (6) |
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60 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Soil Classification |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (1) |
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3.2.5 Flat and Elongated Particles |
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65 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Fine Aggregate Angularity |
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66 | (1) |
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3.2.7 Coarse Aggregate Angularity |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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3.2.9 Los Angeles (LA) Abrasion |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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3.2.11 Deleterious Materials |
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70 | (1) |
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3.3 Mechanical Properties |
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70 | (9) |
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70 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Cahfornia Bearing Ratio (CBR) in Laboratory |
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72 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Cahfornia Bearing Ratio (CBR) in Field |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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3.3.5 Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) |
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76 | (2) |
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3.3.6 Resilient Modulus from Soil Physical Testing |
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78 | (1) |
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3.3.7 Resilient/Elastic Modulus of Chemically Stabilized Soil |
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78 | (1) |
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3.4 Resilient Modulus Variations Due to Moisture |
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79 | (2) |
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3.5 Resilient Modulus Variations Due to Stress Level |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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3.8 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (5) |
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91 | (40) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (3) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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4.3 Grading of Asphalt Binder |
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94 | (9) |
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4.3.1 Penetration Grading |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Performance Grading (PG) |
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96 | (7) |
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4.4 Other Tests on Asphalt Binder |
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103 | (3) |
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103 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Kinematic Viscosity |
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103 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Brookfield Viscosity |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Ring and Ball Softening Point |
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106 | (1) |
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4.4.6 Flash Point Temperature |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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4.4.8 Solubility in Trichloroethylene |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (3) |
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4.5.1 Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) |
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106 | (2) |
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4.5.2 Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) |
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108 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Cold-Mix Asphalt (CMA) |
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108 | (1) |
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4.6 Recycled Asphalt Materials |
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109 | (3) |
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4.6.1 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) |
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109 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles (RAS) |
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110 | (1) |
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4.6.3 Rubberized Asphalt Concrete (RAC) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Base and Subgrade |
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111 | (1) |
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4.7 Surface Treatment Materials |
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112 | (4) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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4.8 Characterization of New Asphalt Mixtures |
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116 | (10) |
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116 | (3) |
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4.8.2 Indirect Tensile Strength Test |
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119 | (1) |
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4.8.3 Fatigue Endurance Limit (FEL) |
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120 | (3) |
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4.8.4 Creep Compliance Test |
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123 | (1) |
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4.8.5 Poisson's Ratio Test |
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123 | (1) |
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4.8.6 Miscellaneous Tests |
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124 | (2) |
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4.9 Characterization of Existing Asphalt Mixtures |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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4.11 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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5 Portland Cement Concrete |
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131 | (18) |
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131 | (1) |
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5.2 PCC Characterizations |
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132 | (11) |
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5.2.1 Elastic Modulus and Poisson's Ratio |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Indirect Tensile Strength |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (4) |
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5.3 Chemically Stabilized PCC Materials |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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5.5 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (2) |
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6 Traffic Analysis for Pavement Design |
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149 | (30) |
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149 | (1) |
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6.2 Fundamentals of Traffic Analysis |
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149 | (8) |
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149 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Counting Traffic and Measuring Axle Load |
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152 | (2) |
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6.2.4 FHWA Vehicle Classifications |
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154 | (3) |
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6.3 Traffic Analysis for the AASHTO 1993 Design |
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157 | (8) |
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6.3.1 Equivalent Single-Axle Load (ESAL) |
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157 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Equivalent Axle Load Factor (EALF) |
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157 | (5) |
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6.3.3 Calculation of Projected Design ESAL |
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162 | (3) |
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6.4 Traffic Analysis for the AASHTOWare Design |
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165 | (1) |
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6.4.1 Traffic Data Summary |
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165 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Developing Traffic Data |
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166 | (1) |
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6.5 Details of Traffic Inputs for the AASHTOWare Design |
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166 | (9) |
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6.5.1 Type 1: Traffic Volume-Base Year Information |
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166 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Type 2: Traffic Volume Adjustment Factors |
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167 | (3) |
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6.5.3 Type 3: Axle Load Distribution Factors |
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170 | (1) |
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6.5.4 Type 4: General Traffic Inputs |
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171 | (4) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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6.8 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
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7 Flexible Pavement Design by AASHTO 1993 |
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179 | (16) |
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179 | (1) |
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7.2 AASHTO 1993 Design Equation |
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179 | (1) |
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7.3 Load Repetitions (W18) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (5) |
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181 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Layer Coefficient of Asphalt Layer |
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181 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Layer Coefficient of Base Layer |
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181 | (3) |
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7.4.4 Layer Coefficient of Subbase Layer |
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184 | (1) |
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7.4.5 Drainage Coefficients |
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185 | (1) |
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7.5 Effective Roadbed Soil Resilient Modulus |
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186 | (2) |
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7.6 Terminal Serviceability |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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7.8 Selection of Layers' Thicknesses |
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189 | (3) |
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192 | (1) |
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7.10 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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8 Distresses in Flexible Pavement |
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195 | (20) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (4) |
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195 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Top-Down Longitudinal Cracking |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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8.2.4 Transverse Cracking |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (11) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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8.3.6 Reflection Cracking |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (2) |
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8.3.8 Corrugation and Shoving |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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8.3.11 Water Bleeding and Pumping |
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206 | (1) |
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8.3.12 Polished Aggregate |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (2) |
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8.3.14 Nonuniform Texture |
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208 | (1) |
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8.3.15 Miscellaneous Distresses |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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8.5 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
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9 Distress Models in Flexible Pavement |
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215 | (38) |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (10) |
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9.3 Top-Down Longitudinal Cracking |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (4) |
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235 | (2) |
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9.6 International Roughness Index |
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237 | (3) |
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9.7 Reflective Cracking in HMA Overlay |
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240 | (2) |
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9.8 Recommended Design-Performance Criteria |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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9.10 Calibration of Local Calibration Coefficients |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (3) |
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9.12 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (4) |
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10 Flexible Pavement Design by AASHTOWare |
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253 | (20) |
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253 | (1) |
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10.2 AASHTOWare Design Considerations |
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253 | (4) |
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10.2.1 Starting the Design |
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253 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Materials and Layers |
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253 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Presence of Rigid Layer |
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254 | (1) |
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10.2.4 Presence of Water Table |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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10.2.6 Soil Stabilization |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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10.2.11 Analysis Procedure |
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256 | (1) |
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10.3 AASHTOWare Input Hierarchy |
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257 | (1) |
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10.4 Getting Started with the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design Software |
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257 | (8) |
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10.5 Interpretation and Analysis of the Trial Design |
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265 | (2) |
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10.6 Special Features of the Software |
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267 | (2) |
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10.6.1 Thickness Optimization |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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10.6.3 Structural Response |
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267 | (1) |
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10.6.4 Calibration Factors |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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10.8 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (3) |
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11 Asphalt Overlay Design by AASHTOWare |
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273 | (6) |
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273 | (1) |
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11.2 AASHTOWare Design Method |
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274 | (1) |
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11.3 Overlay Design Using the AASHTOWare Software |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (1) |
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11.5 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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12 Rigid Pavement Design by AASHTO 1993 |
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279 | (18) |
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279 | (1) |
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12.2 AASHTO Thickness Design |
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279 | (3) |
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282 | (9) |
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12.3.1 Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction |
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282 | (2) |
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12.3.2 Concrete Properties |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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12.3.4 Load Transfer Coefficient |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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12.3.6 Change in Present Serviceability Index (APSI) |
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287 | (4) |
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291 | (3) |
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294 | (1) |
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12.6 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (3) |
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13 Distresses in Rigid Pavement |
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297 | (10) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
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13.2.1 Transverse Slab Cracking in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) |
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297 | (1) |
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13.2.2 Transverse Joint Faulting in JPCP |
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297 | (1) |
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13.2.3 Punchouts in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP) |
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297 | (2) |
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13.2.4 Smoothness in JPCP and CRCP |
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299 | (1) |
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13.3 Selected Minor Distresses |
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299 | (6) |
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299 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Polished Aggregates |
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299 | (2) |
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13.3.3 Shrinkage Cracking |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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13.3.7 Pumping/Water Bleeding |
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302 | (2) |
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13.3.8 Other Minor Cracks |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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13.5 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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14 Distress Models in Rigid Pavement |
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307 | (20) |
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307 | (1) |
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14.2 Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement |
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307 | (12) |
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14.2.1 Transverse Slab Cracking (Bottom-Up and Top-Down)--JPCP |
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307 | (4) |
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14.2.2 Mean Transverse Joint Faulting--JPCP |
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311 | (5) |
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316 | (3) |
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14.3 Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement |
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319 | (4) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (3) |
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14.4 Recommended Design-Performance Criteria |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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14.6 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (2) |
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15 Rigid Pavement Design by AASHTOWare |
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327 | (18) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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15.5 Usage of the Software |
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331 | (8) |
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15.5.1 Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement |
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331 | (5) |
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15.5.2 Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement |
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336 | (3) |
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15.6 Interpretation and Analysis of the Trial Design |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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15.8 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (4) |
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16 Drainage Design in Pavement |
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345 | (44) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (21) |
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345 | (2) |
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16.2.2 Longitudinal Slopes and Channels |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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16.2.4 Calculating the Runoffs by Rational Method |
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347 | (8) |
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16.2.5 Calculating the Runoffs by U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Method |
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355 | (8) |
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16.2.6 Designing of Open Channel |
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363 | (3) |
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366 | (18) |
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16.3.1 Drainage Geometry and Permeability |
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366 | (1) |
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16.3.2 Computation of Subsurface Water |
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367 | (9) |
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16.3.3 Thickness Design of Permeable Base |
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376 | (1) |
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16.3.4 Materials Requirements for Permeable Base |
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377 | (1) |
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16.3.5 Design of Separator Layer |
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378 | (3) |
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16.3.6 Design of Longitudinal Collector Pipes |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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16.5 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (4) |
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17 Sustainable Pavement Design |
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389 | (14) |
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17.1 Concept of Sustainability |
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389 | (1) |
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17.2 Role of Pavement in Sustainability |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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17.4 Materials Considerations for Sustainability |
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391 | (2) |
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391 | (1) |
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17.4.2 Asphaltic Materials |
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391 | (1) |
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17.4.3 Concrete Materials |
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392 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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17.5 Rehabihtation Design for Sustainability |
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393 | (2) |
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17.6 Construction Considerations for Sustainability |
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395 | (1) |
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17.7 Maintenance for Sustainability |
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395 | (1) |
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17.8 End-of-Life Considerations for Sustainability |
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396 | (2) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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17.9 Measuring Pavement Sustainability |
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398 | (2) |
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17.9.1 Performance Assessment |
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398 | (1) |
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17.9.2 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis |
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399 | (1) |
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17.9.3 Life-Cycle Assessment |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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17.11 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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18 Pavement Rehabilitation Design |
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403 | (16) |
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403 | (2) |
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18.2 Overall Condition Assessment |
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405 | (1) |
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18.3 Fully Defining Condition Assessment |
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405 | (2) |
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18.4 Analysis of Pavement Evaluation Data |
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407 | (1) |
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18.5 General Overview of Rehabilitation Design Using AASHTOWare |
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407 | (1) |
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18.6 Rehabilitation Design with HMA Overlays |
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408 | (7) |
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18.7 Rehabilitation Design with PCC Overlays |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (1) |
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18.9 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (2) |
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19 Geometric Design of Highways |
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419 | (62) |
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419 | (1) |
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19.2 Cross Section of Highways |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (2) |
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19.9.1 Longitudinal Barriers |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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19.11 Pedestrian Facilities |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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19.11.2 Grade-Separated Pedestrian Crossings |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (21) |
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19.14.1 Types of Horizontal Curves |
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431 | (1) |
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431 | (1) |
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19.14.3 Simple Curve Formulas |
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432 | (4) |
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19.14.4 Design of Simple Curve |
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436 | (1) |
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19.14.5 Design Parameters |
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437 | (2) |
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19.14.6 Sight Distance on Horizontal Curves |
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439 | (2) |
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19.14.7 Setting Simple Curve |
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441 | (7) |
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448 | (3) |
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19.14.9 General Controls for Horizontal Alignment |
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451 | (1) |
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451 | (22) |
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451 | (1) |
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19.15.2 Equation of an Equal Tangent Vertical Curve |
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452 | (5) |
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19.15.3 Sight Distances Related to Crest Vertical Curve |
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457 | (5) |
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19.15.4 Sight Distances Related to Sag Vertical Curve |
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462 | (3) |
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19.15.5 Sight Distances Related to Sag Vertical Curve at Undercrossing |
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465 | (3) |
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19.15.6 Setting Vertical Curve |
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468 | (4) |
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19.15.7 General Controls for Vertical Alignment |
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472 | (1) |
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19.16 Other Features Affecting Geometric Design |
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473 | (1) |
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19.16.1 Erosion Control and Landscape Development |
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473 | (1) |
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19.16.2 Rest Areas, Information Centers, and Scenic Overlooks |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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19.18 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam-Style Questions |
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474 | (2) |
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476 | (5) |
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A Global Contexts of Pavement Design |
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481 | (8) |
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481 | (1) |
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A.2 U.K. Flexible Pavement Design |
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481 | (2) |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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483 | (1) |
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A.3 U.K. Rigid Pavement Design |
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483 | (1) |
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A.4 Australian Flexible Pavement Design |
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484 | (2) |
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A.5 Australian Rigid Pavement Design |
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486 | (1) |
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A.6 South African Flexible Pavement Design |
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486 | (1) |
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487 | (2) |
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B Pavement Management System |
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489 | (12) |
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489 | (1) |
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B.2 Inventory Data Collection |
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490 | (1) |
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B.3 Pavement Condition Assessment |
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|
490 | (4) |
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B.3.1 Distress Measurements |
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491 | (3) |
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B.3.2 Developing Pavement Condition Indices |
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494 | (1) |
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B.4 Pavement Performance Modeling |
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494 | (1) |
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B.4.1 Performance Modeling Approaches |
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494 | (1) |
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494 | (1) |
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B.4.3 Site-Specific Modeling |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (3) |
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B.5.1 Identifying Treatment Needs |
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495 | (2) |
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B.5.2 Techniques for Treatment Selection |
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497 | (1) |
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B.6 Presenting Pavement Management Results |
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|
498 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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|
499 | (1) |
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|
499 | (2) |
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C Recycling and Rehabilitation of Pavement |
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|
501 | (14) |
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|
501 | (1) |
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C.2 Asphalt Pavement Recycling |
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|
502 | (8) |
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|
502 | (1) |
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C.2.2 Asphalt Recycling Types |
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502 | (1) |
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503 | (1) |
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C.2.4 Hot In-Place Recycling |
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503 | (3) |
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506 | (1) |
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C.2.6 Full-Depth Reclamation |
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|
506 | (2) |
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|
508 | (1) |
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C.2.8 Summary of Rehabilitation Techniques |
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|
509 | (1) |
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C.3 Concrete Pavement Recycling |
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|
510 | (4) |
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|
510 | (1) |
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510 | (2) |
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|
512 | (1) |
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C.3.4 Properties of Concrete with RCA |
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|
512 | (2) |
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|
514 | (1) |
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C.3.6 Considerations for Mix Design Using RCA |
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|
514 | (1) |
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|
514 | (1) |
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D Superpave Asphalt Mix Design |
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|
515 | (14) |
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|
515 | (1) |
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516 | (12) |
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|
528 | (1) |
References |
|
529 | (8) |
Index |
|
537 | |