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E-raamat: Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution

(University of Padova, Italy)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Dec-2008
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191546464
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Dec-2008
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191546464

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Animal phylogeny is undergoing a major revolution due to the availability of an exponentially increasing amount of molecular data and the application of novel methods of phylogenetic reconstruction, as well as the many spectacular advances in palaeontology and molecular developmental biology, or 'evo-devo', has offered new insights into the origin and evolvability of major traits of animal architecture and life cycle. All these developments call for a revised interpretation of the pathways along which animal structure and development has evolved since the origin of the Metazoa.
Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution takes on this challenge, successfully integrating morphological, fossil and molecular evidence to produce a novel reinterpretation of animal evolution. Central to the book's approach is an 'evo-devo' perspective on animal evolution (with all the fresh insights this has given into the origin of animal organization and life cycles), complementary to the more traditional perspectives of pattern (cladistics, comparative anatomy and embryology), mechanisms (developmental biology) and adaptation (evolutionary biology). The author advocates the need to approach the study of animal evolution with a critical attitude towards many key concepts of comparative morphology and developmental biology. Particular attention in the book is paid to the evolution of life cycles and larval forms.
This accessible text is suitable for graduate students taking advanced courses in evolutionary developmental biology, invertebrate zoology, molecular phylogenetics and palaeontology, as well as professional researchers in these fields requiring an authoritative and up-to-date overview of this dynamic topic.

Arvustused

The book does not merely list facts about animal evolution. It is a celebration of the intellectual puzzles posed by the wonderful diversity of animals, an effective spur for further exploration and debate of the mysterious but unmistakable signs of unity hidden beneath this diversity. No serious student of animal evolution can afford to miss this book. Minelli gives it a distinctive flavour eminently suited to repeated sampling, with or without a glass of wine at hand. * Ronald Jenner, NATUREGonzalo Giribet, Society of Systematic Biologists * This concise account easily can and should be read by all serious students of animal phylogeny evolution. * William Arthur, SCIENCE *

Preface xl
Reading the history of life
1(9)
Things and processes
1(1)
Questions about origins
2(5)
Uncertain origins
2(1)
Independent origins
3(3)
Mixed origins
6(1)
Idola theatri
7(3)
The ladder of nature
7(1)
Morphoclines and Williston's law
8(1)
Finalism, adultocentrism, and division of labour
8(2)
Animal phylogenetics
10(9)
The Hennigian foundations of phylogenetics
10(2)
Stem group and crown group
12(1)
Characters
13(1)
Phylogenetic analysis of molecular data
14(5)
Star phylogenies
14(1)
Gene and genome duplications
14(1)
Horizontal gene transfer
15(1)
Gene loss and genome compactation
15(1)
Mitochondrial genomes
16(1)
The molecular clock
17(1)
Controversial results
18(1)
Metazoans enter the stage
19(11)
Multicellularity
19(1)
Competition and synergy, or molecules and organelles
20(1)
Choanoflagellates, the closest relatives of animals
21(2)
Late Precambrian fossils
23(3)
Vendobionts or Vendian metazoans?
23(2)
Doushantuo embryos
25(1)
The Cambrian `explosion'
26(4)
Deep branches of the metazoan tree
30(23)
The Metazoa, our largest monophylum
30(3)
Complexity and phylogeny
31(1)
Germ layers and metazoan phylogeny
32(1)
Dating early branchings
32(1)
Metazoan phylogeny
33(13)
Epitheliozoa and Eumetazoa
34(1)
Radiata versus Bilateria? A problem of symmetry and body axes
34(9)
Two versus three germ layers
43(1)
A cnidarian-deuterostome connection?
44(1)
The basal branches of the eumetazoan tree
45(1)
The sponges: Silicea, Homoscleromorpha, and Calcarea
46(3)
Sponge paraphyly
46(2)
Hexactinellida
48(1)
Homoscleromorpha
48(1)
Calcarea
48(1)
Placozoa
49(1)
Ctenophora
50(1)
Cnidaria
50(3)
The entangled phylogeny of the Bilateria
53(18)
The Bilateria
53(3)
Urbilateria
56(3)
The main branches
59(8)
Nephrozoa
59(1)
Protostomia
59(1)
Platyzoa
59(1)
Gnathifera
59(1)
Spiralia=Trochozoa
59(1)
Mesozoa
60(1)
Lophotrochozoa
60(1)
Eutrochozoa
61(1)
Neotrochozoa
61(1)
Ecdysozoa
61(4)
Introverta=Cycloneuralia sensu Ahlrichs (1995)
65(1)
Scalidophora=Cephalorhyncha
65(1)
Vinctiplicata
65(1)
Nematoida
66(1)
Panarthropoda
66(1)
Deuterostomia
66(1)
Ambulacraria
66(1)
Other phylogenetic hypotheses
67(4)
Acoelomorpha
67(1)
Plathelminthomorpha
68(1)
Cycloneuralia
68(1)
Parenchymia
68(1)
Vermizoa
68(1)
Schizocoelia=Teloblastica
68(1)
Lophophorata
69(1)
Articulata
69(1)
Cyrtotreta
70(1)
A gallery of the major bilaterian clades
71(39)
Acoela
71(1)
Nemertodermatida
72(1)
Gastrotricha
72(1)
Micrognathozoa
73(1)
Syndermata
73(1)
Gnathostomulida
74(1)
Catenulida and Rhabditophora
74(1)
Catenulida
75(1)
Rhabditophora
75(1)
Cycliophora
75(1)
Ectoprocta
76(1)
Entoprocta
77(1)
Orthonectida
78(1)
Rhombozoa
78(1)
Nemertea
78(1)
Phoronozoa
78(1)
Mollusca
79(3)
Annelida
82(4)
Sipuncula
86(1)
Priapulida
86(1)
Loricifera
87(1)
Kinorhyncha
87(1)
Nematoda
87(1)
Nematomorpha
87(1)
Tardigrada
88(1)
Onychophora
88(1)
Arthropoda
89(13)
Cambrian arthropod-like animals and stem-group Euarthropoda
90(1)
Problems with segments and eyes
91(2)
Pycnogonida
93(1)
The main arthropod clades
93(1)
Pancrustacea=Tetraconata versus Paradoxopoda=Myriochelata
94(2)
Trilobita and Euthycarcinoida
96(1)
Chelicerata
97(1)
Myriapoda
97(1)
Crustacea
98(2)
Hexapoda
100(2)
Chaetognatha
102(1)
Xenoturbellida
103(1)
Echinodermata
104(1)
Hemichordata
104(1)
Chordata
105(5)
Cephalochordata
106(1)
Urochordata
107(1)
Vertebrata
107(3)
The life cycle and its evolution
110(74)
Cells and tissues
112(7)
The cell as a building block of the animal body
112(1)
Syncytia
113(3)
Cell division
116(1)
Apoptosis
117(1)
Tissues
118(1)
Reproduction and sexuality
119(11)
Convergence and co-option
119(3)
The one-cell bottleneck
122(1)
Free cells, or unicellular metazoans
123(1)
Asexual reproduction and regeneration
123(4)
Gametes
127(3)
Development
130(20)
What is development?
130(3)
Everything everywhere, or a principle of developmental inertia
133(2)
Development for the development
135(1)
Generic mechanisms of development
136(3)
Parent-offspring competition and the developmental origins of individuality
139(2)
Set-aside cells
141(1)
The germ layers
142(3)
Embryonic development
145(1)
Growth
146(1)
Morphogenesis and morphostasis
147(2)
Fusion
149(1)
The life cycle
150(16)
Plasticity
152(2)
Maximum life-cycle complexity
154(1)
The life cycle as a unit of evolution
155(2)
Periodization
157(3)
The larva
160(6)
Genes and animal development
166(18)
Genotype-phenotype mapping
171(4)
Developmental genes
175(5)
Gene duplication, co-option, and paramorphism
180(4)
The evolution of animal body architecture
184(39)
The body
184(18)
The main body axis
184(6)
Symmetry
190(2)
The `double animal'
192(2)
From one to many axes: appendages and paramorphism
194(3)
Segments
197(5)
Organs
202(21)
Organogenesis
202(2)
Epithelia and epidermis
204(1)
The cuticle
205(1)
The nervous system
205(8)
The digestive system
213(2)
Body cavities
215(2)
Respiratory organs
217(1)
The circulatory system
218(1)
The muscles
218(1)
Skeletons and biomineralization
219(1)
The excretory system and osmoregulatory devices
220(2)
The immune system
222(1)
Somatic structures involved in reproduction
222(1)
The overall picture
223(22)
Evolutionary novelties
224(4)
Apomorphies versus innovations
224(1)
Factoriality
225(1)
Evolvability and constraints
226(2)
Evolutionary trends
228(6)
Evolutionary trends: facts or fiction?
228(1)
Miniaturization
229(3)
Ecological trends
232(2)
Intercalary evolution
234(3)
Patterned polyphenism
237(2)
Hierarchies, or not
239(2)
Summing up
241(4)
References 245(66)
Author index 311(10)
Subject index 321
Alessandro Minelli is a professor of zoology at the University of Padova, Italy. Until the mid 90s his main scientific interests have been myriapod phylogeny and taxonomy as well as the principles and methods of biological systematics. During the last decade his main research interests have turned towards evolutionary developmental biology, with special regards to the origin and evolution of appendages and segmentation.