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E-raamat: Phonological Variation in Rural Jamaican Schools

(University of Freiburg)
  • Formaat: 307 pages
  • Sari: Creole Language Library 42
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789027274625
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  • Formaat: 307 pages
  • Sari: Creole Language Library 42
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789027274625

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This book investigates variation in the classroom speech of 7-year-old children who are learning Standard Jamaican English as a second language variety in rural Jamaica. For sociolinguists and second language/dialect researchers interested in the acquisition and use of sociolinguistic variables, an important challenge is how to efficiently account for language learning mechanisms and use. To date, this book is the first to offer an interdisciplinary look into phonological and phonetic variation observed in primary school in Jamaica, that is from the perspective of classic variationist and quantitative sociolinguistics and a usage-based model. Both frameworks function as explanatory for the children’s learning of phono-stylistic variation, which they encounter in their immediate linguistic environment, i.e. most often through their teachers’ speech. This book is intended for sociolinguists interested in child language variation, linguists working on formal aspects of the languages of the Caribbean, applied linguists concerned with the teaching and learning of second language phonology, and any researchers interested in applying variationist and quantitative methods to classroom second language learning.

Arvustused

Overall, the book is a valuable contribution to the fields of language education, phonetics and phonology of Jamaican language varieties and sociolinguistics of Standard English in Jamaica and the wider Anglophone Caribbean. Particularly Lacoste's pedagogical discussion along the Modelling Replication Framework is worthwhile to the wider field of second language acquisition. On the whole, her theoretical and methodological mix makes the book an interesting work to researchers well beyond Creole studies or second language acquisition. -- Michael Westphal, University of Munster, in English World-Wide Vol. 35:3 (2014), pag. 358-362

Acknowledgements ix
List of tables, figures and charts
xi
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(12)
1.0 General scope of the study
1(1)
1.1 Sketching out the language situation in Jamaica
2(1)
1.2 Learning standard Jamaican English in school
3(2)
1.3 Acquisition vs. learning of speech patterns
5(2)
1.4 Research objectives of the study
7(1)
1.5 Theoretical framework: Variationist and usage-based models
8(2)
1.6 Structure of the book
10(3)
Chapter 2 Variation in child phonology
13(14)
2.0 Introduction
13(1)
2.1 Acquiring sociolinguistic variables
13(2)
2.2 Communicative competence
15(1)
2.3 Phonology and phonetics intertwined in the lexicon
16(2)
2.4 Acquiring socio-phonetic variation
18(1)
2.5 Usage-based models of language
19(3)
2.5.1 Frequency
21(1)
2.6 Exemplar-based L2 learning and frequency effects
22(2)
2.7 Sociolinguistics in SLA research
24(1)
2.8 Summary
24(3)
Chapter 3 Language and education in Jamaica
27(18)
3.0 Introduction
27(1)
3.1 Sociolinguistic awareness as part of language learning
27(2)
3.2 Note on language standardisation
29(2)
3.2.1 Defining a `standard' in the Jamaican context
29(2)
3.3 SJE as the target in education
31(4)
3.4 Official implementation vs. local representativeness of SJE
35(3)
3.4.1 Model, input and output
37(1)
3.5 Modelling the sounds of SJE: Pedagogy and methods
38(3)
3.5.1 Integrated studies: Language Arts and Phonics
39(2)
3.6 Some examples of sound drilling in the classroom
41(3)
3.7 Summary
44(1)
Chapter 4 Researching the school communities
45(22)
4.0 Introduction
45(1)
4.1 Fieldwork in an educational context
45(2)
4.2 The school communities
47(2)
4.3 Gaining access to the schools
49(1)
4.4 Selection of informants
50(5)
4.4.1 Choice of age group
51(4)
4.5 Data types and procedures
55(7)
4.5.1 Observational data collection
55(2)
4.5.2 Tasks and materials used for elicitation
57(3)
4.5.3 Conduct of recordings
60(2)
4.6 Pedagogical factors for explaining variation
62(3)
4.6.1 Target
62(2)
4.6.2 Frequency
64(1)
4.7 Quantitative methods
65(2)
Chapter 5 Word-final (-t, -d) consonant clusters
67(72)
5.0 Introduction
67(1)
5.1 A note on terminology
68(3)
5.2 Consonant clusters as a continuous process of acquisition
71(2)
5.3 Acquiring SJE consonant clusters in class
73(4)
5.4 Variationist constraints on consonant clusters
77(5)
5.5 Some empirical findings on clusters in Jamaican
82(5)
5.6 Consonant clusters in rural Jamaican schools
87(10)
5.6.1 Children's acquisition of clusters as a variable process
89(6)
5.6.2 Cluster variation in teacher speech
95(2)
5.7 Linguistic factors
97(16)
5.7.1 Negation clusters
97(1)
5.7.2 Cluster absence and preceding segment
98(10)
5.7.3 Cluster absence and following segment
108(5)
5.8 The role of pedagogical factors on cluster absence
113(10)
5.8.1 Target
113(8)
5.8.2 Task
121(2)
5.9 The role of frequency on cluster absence
123(14)
5.10 Summary: Acquiring variation in complex sequences of sounds
137(2)
Chapter 6 Word-final vowel duration
139(66)
6.0 Introduction
139(1)
6.1 The Jamaican vowel system
140(3)
6.2 Vowel length and word-level prominence in English and Jamaican
143(3)
6.3 Methods for the acoustic and statistical analyses
146(14)
6.3.1 Dependent variable: Vowel duration
147(4)
6.3.2 Independent variables
151(9)
6.4 Vowel duration contrasts in the teachers' data
160(4)
6.4.1 Vowel lengthening
161(1)
6.4.2 Vowel reduction
162(2)
6.5 Vowel duration in the children's data: Linguistic factors
164(24)
6.5.1 Phonetic forms and vowel orthography
164(5)
6.5.2 Vowel quality and vowel reduction
169(3)
6.5.3 Vowel lengthening and vowel quality subsystems
172(7)
6.5.4 Vowel lengthening and phonological environment
179(2)
6.5.5 Vowel lengthening and stress-related factors
181(7)
6.6 Vowel lengthening and performance factors
188(6)
6.7 Vowel lengthening and social factors
194(4)
6.8 Vowel lengthening and frequency
198(2)
6.9 Concluding discussion
200(5)
Chapter 7 Learning phono-stylistic variation in the classroom
205(32)
7.0 Introduction: A multifaceted learning of sound patterns
205(2)
7.1 The modelling-replication framework
207(2)
7.2 Generalisations and variability of JC and SJE sound systems
209(5)
7.2.1 Implications for SJE learning
211(1)
7.2.2 Stylistic variation
212(2)
7.3 Literacy and classroom speech templates
214(5)
7.4 Classroom speakers vs. acrolectal speakers
219(2)
7.5 Extent of classroom speech harmony
221(2)
7.6 Distinguishing between JC and SJE spoken repertoires
223(3)
7.7 Whole-word pronunciations and their conceptual features
226(4)
7.8 Frequency and perceptual salience
230(3)
7.9 Variation and phonetic learning
233(4)
Chapter 8 Conclusion and pedagogical implications
237(16)
8.0 Phono-stylistic variation: Internal and external factors
237(7)
8.1 Classroom-specific English or SJE?
244(2)
8.2 Children's learned behaviour and proficiency
246(3)
8.3 Note on the Language Arts-Phonics teaching methodology
249(2)
8.4 Looking at seven year olds and beyond
251(2)
References 253(14)
Appendices 267(24)
Index 291