| Preface |
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ix | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
| The climate dilemma |
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xv | |
| Summary overview of chapters |
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xvii | |
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1 Introduction to power quality |
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1 | (98) |
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1.1 Definition of power quality |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Causes of disturbances in power systems |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Classification of power quality issues |
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4 | (13) |
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1.4 Formulations and measures used for power quality |
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17 | (35) |
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1.5 Effects of poor power quality on power system devices |
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52 | (1) |
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1.6 Standards and guidelines referring to power quality |
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53 | (8) |
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1.7 Harmonic modeling philosophies |
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61 | (2) |
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1.8 Power quality improvement techniques |
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63 | (20) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (10) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (3) |
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2 Harmonic models of transformers |
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99 | (98) |
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2.1 Sinusoidal (linear) modeling of transformers |
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100 | (1) |
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2.2 Harmonic losses in transformers |
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101 | (8) |
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2.3 Derating of single-phase transformers |
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109 | (11) |
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2.4 Nonlinear harmonic models of transformers |
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120 | (15) |
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2.5 Ferroresonance of power transformers |
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135 | (17) |
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2.6 Effects of solar-geomagnetic disturbances on power systems and transformers |
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152 | (5) |
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157 | (13) |
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2.8 Measurement of derating of three-phase transformers |
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170 | (14) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (8) |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (1) |
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3 Modeling and analysis of induction machines |
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197 | (102) |
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3.1 Complete sinusoidal equivalent circuit of a three-phase induction machine |
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199 | (7) |
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3.2 Magnetic fields of three-phase machines for the calculation of inductive machine parameters |
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206 | (4) |
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3.3 Steady-state stability of a three-phase induction machine |
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210 | (5) |
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3.4 Spatial (space) harmonics of a three-phase induction machine |
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215 | (3) |
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3.5 Time harmonics of a three-phase induction machine |
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218 | (3) |
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3.6 Fundamental and harmonic torques of an induction machine |
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221 | (6) |
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3.7 Measurement results for three- and single-phase induction machines |
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227 | (17) |
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3.8 Inter- and subharmonic torques of three-phase induction machines |
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244 | (8) |
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3.9 Interaction of space and time harmonics of three-phase induction machines |
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252 | (3) |
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3.10 Conclusions concerning induction machine harmonics |
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255 | (1) |
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3.11 Voltage-stress winding failures of AC motors fed by variable-frequency, voltage- and current-source PWM inverters |
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255 | (24) |
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3.12 Nonlinear harmonic models of three-phase induction machines |
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279 | (3) |
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3.13 Static and dynamic rotor eccentricity of three-phase induction machines |
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282 | (1) |
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3.14 Operation of three-phase machines within a single-phase power system |
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283 | (1) |
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3.15 Classification of three-phase induction machines |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (8) |
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293 | (4) |
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297 | (2) |
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4 Modeling and analysis of synchronous machines |
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299 | (122) |
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4.1 Sinusoidal state-space modeling of a synchronous machine in the time domain |
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301 | (6) |
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4.2 Steady-state, transient, and subtransient operation |
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307 | (64) |
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4.3 Harmonic modeling of a synchronous machine |
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371 | (25) |
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4.4 Discretization errors of numerical solutions |
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396 | (3) |
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4.5 Operating point-dependent reactances under saturated magnetic field conditions |
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399 | (3) |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (13) |
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416 | (3) |
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419 | (2) |
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5 Performance of power-electronic drives with respect to speed and torque |
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421 | (146) |
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5.1 Closed-form and numerical-solution techniques for variable-speed, variable-torque drives, and review of circuit approximations suitable for numerical solutions |
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421 | (6) |
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5.2 Three-phase distribution system supplying energy to lithium-ion batteries via rectifiers |
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427 | (52) |
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5.3 Three-phase permanent-magnet generator supplying energy to lead-acid battery via rectifier |
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479 | (8) |
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5.4 Speed and torque control of drives consisting of three-phase induction machine connected to current-controlled, voltage-source inverter |
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487 | (38) |
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5.5 Speed and torque control of brushless-DC machine or permanent-magnet machine fed/supplied by inverter for either motor or generator operation |
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525 | (22) |
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5.6 Control of speed and torque for three-phase synchronous motor/machine fed/supplied by either lithium-ion battery or fuel cell via inverter for either motor or generator operation |
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547 | (15) |
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5.7 Performance issues with batteries, fuel cells, and combustion engines |
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562 | (1) |
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562 | (1) |
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563 | (4) |
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6 Interaction of harmonics with capacitors |
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567 | (58) |
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6.1 Application of capacitors to power-factor correction |
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568 | (13) |
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6.2 Application of capacitors to reactive power compensation |
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581 | (1) |
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6.3 Application of capacitors to harmonic filtering |
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582 | (3) |
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6.4 Power quality problems associated with capacitors |
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585 | (20) |
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6.5 Frequency and capacitance scanning |
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605 | (3) |
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6.6 Harmonic constraints for capacitors |
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608 | (5) |
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6.7 Equivalent circuits of capacitors |
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613 | (3) |
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616 | (1) |
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617 | (5) |
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622 | (3) |
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7 Lifetime reduction of transformers and induction machines |
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625 | (78) |
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7.1 Rationale for relying on the worst-case conditions |
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626 | (1) |
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7.2 Elevated temperature rise due to voltage harmonics |
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627 | (1) |
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7.3 Weighted-harmonic factors |
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628 | (13) |
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7.4 Exponents of weighted-harmonic factors |
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641 | (2) |
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7.5 Additional losses or temperature rises versus weighted-harmonic factors |
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643 | (2) |
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645 | (1) |
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7.7 Reaction rate equation |
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646 | (1) |
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7.8 Decrease of lifetime due to an additional temperature rise |
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647 | (2) |
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7.9 Reduction of lifetime of components with activation energy E = 1.1eV due to harmonics of the terminal voltage within residential or commercial utility systems |
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649 | (1) |
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7.10 Possible limits for harmonic voltages |
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650 | (7) |
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7.11 Probabilistic and time-varying nature of harmonics |
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657 | (1) |
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7.12 The cost of harmonics |
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657 | (1) |
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7.13 Temperature as a function of time |
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658 | (2) |
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7.14 Various operating modes of rotating machines |
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660 | (31) |
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691 | (2) |
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693 | (6) |
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699 | (4) |
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8 Power system modeling under nonsinusoidal operating conditions |
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703 | (102) |
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8.1 Overview of a modern power system |
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703 | (4) |
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8.2 Power system matrices |
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707 | (15) |
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8.3 Fundamental power flow |
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722 | (26) |
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8.4 Newton-based harmonic power flow |
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748 | (34) |
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8.5 Classification of harmonic power flow techniques |
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782 | (12) |
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794 | (1) |
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794 | (8) |
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802 | (3) |
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9 Impact of poor power quality on reliability, relaying, and security |
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805 | (110) |
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805 | (4) |
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9.2 Degradation of reliability and security due to poor power quality |
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809 | (31) |
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9.3 Tools for detecting poor power quality |
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840 | (18) |
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9.4 Tools for improving reliability and security |
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858 | (15) |
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9.5 Load shedding and load management |
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873 | (1) |
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9.6 Energy-storage methods |
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873 | (1) |
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9.7 Matching the operation of intermittent renewable power plants with energy storage |
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874 | (1) |
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875 | (1) |
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876 | (29) |
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905 | (7) |
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912 | (3) |
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10 The roles of filters in power systems and unified power quality conditioners |
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915 | (102) |
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10.1 Types of nonlinear loads |
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916 | (2) |
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10.2 Classification of filters employed in power systems |
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918 | (2) |
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10.3 Passive filters as used in power systems |
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920 | (22) |
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942 | (3) |
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10.5 Hybrid power filters |
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945 | (5) |
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10.6 Block diagram of active filters |
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950 | (2) |
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952 | (20) |
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10.8 Compensation devices at fundamental and harmonic frequencies |
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972 | (6) |
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10.9 Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) |
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978 | (5) |
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10.10 The UPQC control system |
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983 | (2) |
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10.11 UPQC control using the Park (dqo) transformation |
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985 | (3) |
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10.12 UPQC control based on the instantaneous real and imaginary power theory |
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988 | (13) |
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10.13 Performance of the UPQC |
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1001 | (11) |
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1012 | (2) |
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1014 | (3) |
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11 Optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitor banks in the presence of harmonics |
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1017 | (70) |
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11.1 Reactive power compensation |
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1018 | (3) |
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11.2 Common types of distribution shunt capacitor banks |
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1021 | (4) |
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11.3 Classification of capacitor allocation techniques for sinusoidal operating conditions |
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1025 | (22) |
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11.4 Optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitor banks in the presence of harmonics |
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1047 | (36) |
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1083 | (1) |
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1083 | (4) |
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12 Power quality solutions for renewable energy systems |
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1087 | (122) |
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12.1 Energy conservation and efficiency |
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1087 | (11) |
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12.2 Photovoltaic and thermal solar (power) systems |
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1098 | (15) |
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12.3 Horizontal and vertical-axes wind power (WP) plants |
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1113 | (32) |
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12.4 Complementary control of renewable plants with energy storage plants |
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1145 | (30) |
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12.5 AC transmission lines vs DC lines |
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1175 | (1) |
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12.6 Fast-charging stations for electric cars |
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1175 | (1) |
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12.7 Off-shore renewable plants |
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1175 | (1) |
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1176 | (1) |
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12.9 Other renewable energy plants |
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1176 | (1) |
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12.10 Production of automotive fuel from wind, water, and CO2 |
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1177 | (1) |
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1177 | (1) |
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12.12 Village with 2600 inhabitants achieves energy independence |
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1178 | (1) |
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12.13 Reduction of lifetime as a function of temperature |
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1178 | (3) |
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12.14 Paralleling of two power systems |
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1181 | (1) |
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12.15 The TEXAS synchrophasor network |
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1182 | (1) |
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1182 | (1) |
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1183 | (19) |
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1202 | (7) |
| Glossary of symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms |
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1209 | (16) |
| Appendices |
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1225 | (20) |
| Index |
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1245 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta