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E-raamat: R Graphics Cookbook: Practical Recipes for Visualizing Data

  • Formaat: 444 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Oct-2018
  • Kirjastus: O'Reilly Media
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781491978559
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
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  • Formaat: 444 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Oct-2018
  • Kirjastus: O'Reilly Media
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781491978559

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This OReilly cookbook provides more than 150 recipes to help scientists, engineers, programmers, and data analysts generate high-quality graphs quicklywithout having to comb through all the details of Rs graphing systems. Each recipe tackles a specific problem with a solution you can apply to your own project and includes a discussion of how and why the recipe works.

Most of the recipes in this second edition use the updated version of the ggplot2 package, a powerful and flexible way to make graphs in R. Youll also find expanded content about the visual design of graphics. If you have at least a basic understanding of the R language, youre ready to get started with this easy-to-use reference.

Use Rs default graphics for quick exploration of data Create a variety of bar graphs, line graphs, and scatter plots Summarize data distributions with histograms, density curves, box plots, and more Provide annotations to help viewers interpret data Control the overall appearance of graphics Explore options for using colors in plots Create network graphs, heat maps, and 3D scatter plots Get your data into shape using packages from the tidyverse
Preface ix
1 R Basics
1(10)
1.1 Installing a Package
2(1)
1.2 Loading a Package
3(1)
1.3 Upgrading Packages
3(1)
1.4 Loading a Delimited Text Data File
4(1)
1.5 Loading Data from an Excel File
5(1)
1.6 Loading Data from SPSS/SAS/Stata Files
6(1)
1.7 Chaining Functions Together with %>%, the Pipe Operator
7(4)
2 Quickly Exploring Data
11(12)
2.1 Creating a Scatter Plot
11(2)
2.2 Creating a Line Graph
13(2)
2.3 Creating a Bar Graph
15(3)
2.4 Creating a Histogram
18(1)
2.5 Creating a Box Plot
19(2)
2.6 Plotting a Function Curve
21(2)
3 Bar Graphs
23(32)
3.1 Making a Basic Bar Graph
23(3)
3.2 Grouping Bars Together
26(3)
3.3 Making a Bar Graph of Counts
29(2)
3.4 Using Colors in a Bar Graph
31(2)
3.5 Coloring Negative and Positive Bars Differently
33(2)
3.6 Adjusting Bar Width and Spacing
35(2)
3.7 Making a Stacked Bar Graph
37(3)
3.8 Making a Proportional Stacked Bar Graph
40(3)
3.9 Adding Labels to a Bar Graph
43(6)
3.10 Making a Cleveland Dot Plot
49(6)
4 Line Graphs
55(22)
4.1 Making a Basic Line Graph
55(3)
4.2 Adding Points to a Line Graph
58(2)
4.3 Making a Line Graph with Multiple Lines
60(4)
4.4 Changing the Appearance of Lines
64(2)
4.5 Changing the Appearance of Points
66(2)
4.6 Making a Graph with a Shaded Area
68(2)
4.7 Making a Stacked Area Graph
70(2)
4.8 Making a Proportional Stacked Area Graph
72(1)
4.9 Adding a Confidence Region
73(4)
5 Scatter Plots
77(50)
5.1 Making a Basic Scatter Plot
77(2)
5.2 Grouping Points Together Using Shapes or Colors
79(2)
5.3 Using Different Point Shapes
81(3)
5.4 Mapping a Continuous Variable to Color or Size
84(4)
5.5 Dealing with Overplotting
88(6)
5.6 Adding Fitted Regression Model Lines
94(5)
5.7 Adding Fitted Lines from an Existing Model
99(4)
5.8 Adding Fitted Lines from Multiple Existing Models
103(3)
5.9 Adding Annotations with Model Coefficients
106(3)
5.10 Adding Marginal Rugs to a Scatter Plot
109(2)
5.11 Labeling Points in a Scatter Plot
111(7)
5.12 Creating a Balloon Plot
118(3)
5.13 Making a Scatter Plot Matrix
121(6)
6 Summarized Data Distributions
127(34)
6.1 Making a Basic Histogram
127(3)
6.2 Making Multiple Histograms from Grouped Data
130(4)
6.3 Making a Density Curve
134(4)
6.4 Making Multiple Density Curves from Grouped Data
138(3)
6.5 Making a Frequency Polygon
141(1)
6.6 Making a Basic Box Plot
142(3)
6.7 Adding Notches to a Box Plot
145(1)
6.8 Adding Means to a Box Plot
146(1)
6.9 Making a Violin Plot
147(4)
6.10 Making a Dot Plot
151(3)
6.11 Making Multiple Dot Plots for Grouped Data
154(3)
6.12 Making a Density Plot of Two-Dimensional Data
157(4)
7 Annotations
161(20)
7.1 Adding Text Annotations
161(3)
7.2 Using Mathematical Expressions in Annotations
164(2)
7.3 Adding Lines
166(3)
7.4 Adding Line Segments and Arrows
169(2)
7.5 Adding a Shaded Rectangle
171(1)
7.6 Highlighting an Item
171(2)
7.7 Adding Error Bars
173(4)
7.8 Adding Annotations to Individual Facets
177(4)
8 Axes
181(42)
8.1 Swapping X- and Y-Axes
181(2)
8.2 Setting the Range of a Continuous Axis
183(3)
8.3 Reversing a Continuous Axis
186(1)
8.4 Changing the Order of Items on a Categorical Axis
187(2)
8.5 Setting the Scaling Ratio of the X- and Y-Axes
189(2)
8.6 Setting the Positions of Tick Marks
191(1)
8.7 Removing Tick Marks and Labels
192(1)
8.8 Changing the Text of Tick Labels
193(3)
8.9 Changing the Appearance of Tick Labels
196(2)
8.10 Changing the Text of Axis Labels
198(1)
8.11 Removing Axis Labels
199(2)
8.12 Changing the Appearance of Axis Labels
201(1)
8.13 Showing Lines Along the Axes
202(2)
8.14 Using a Logarithmic Axis
204(5)
8.15 Adding Ticks for a Logarithmic Axis
209(2)
8.16 Making a Circular Plot
211(5)
8.17 Using Dates on an Axis
216(4)
8.18 Using Relative Times on an Axis
220(3)
9 Controlling the Overall Appearance of Graphs
223(16)
9.1 Setting the Title of a Graph
223(2)
9.2 Changing the Appearance of Text
225(3)
9.3 Using Themes
228(3)
9.4 Changing the Appearance of Theme Elements
231(4)
9.5 Creating Your Own Themes
235(1)
9.6 Hiding Grid Lines
236(3)
10 Legends
239(20)
10.1 Removing the Legend
239(2)
10.2 Changing the Position of a Legend
241(2)
10.3 Changing the Order of Items in a Legend
243(3)
10.4 Reversing the Order of Items in a Legend
246(1)
10.5 Changing a Legend Title
247(2)
10.6 Changing the Appearance of a Legend Title
249(1)
10.7 Removing a Legend Title
250(1)
10.8 Changing the Labels in a Legend
251(4)
10.9 Changing the Appearance of Legend Labels
255(1)
10.10 Using Labels with Multiple Lines of Text
256(3)
11 Facets
259(10)
11.1 Splitting Data into Subplots with Facets
259(3)
11.2 Using Facets with Different Axes
262(2)
11.3 Changing the Text of Facet Labels
264(2)
11.4 Changing the Appearance of Facet Labels and Headers
266(3)
12 Using Colors in Plots
269(20)
12.1 Setting the Colors of Objects
269(1)
12.2 Representing Variables with Colors
270(2)
12.3 Using a Colorblind-Friendly Palette
272(3)
12.4 Using a Different Palette for a Discrete Variable
275(5)
12.5 Using a Manually Defined Palette for a Discrete Variable
280(3)
12.6 Using a Manually Defined Palette for a Continuous Variable
283(2)
12.7 Coloring a Shaded Region Based on Value
285(4)
13 Miscellaneous Graphs
289(56)
13.1 Making a Correlation Matrix
289(4)
13.2 Plotting a Function
293(2)
13.3 Shading a Subregion Under a Function Curve
295(2)
13.4 Creating a Network Graph
297(3)
13.5 Using Text Labels in a Network Graph
300(2)
13.6 Creating a Heat Map
302(2)
13.7 Creating a Three-Dimensional Scatter Plot
304(4)
13.8 Adding a Prediction Surface to a Three-Dimensional Plot
308(4)
13.9 Saving a Three-Dimensional Plot
312(1)
13.10 Animating a Three-Dimensional Plot
313(1)
13.11 Creating a Dendrogram
314(3)
13.12 Creating a Vector Field
317(5)
13.13 Creating a QQ Plot
322(1)
13.14 Creating a Graph of an Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function
323(1)
13.15 Creating a Mosaic Plot
324(5)
13.16 Creating a Pie Chart
329(1)
13.17 Creating a Map
330(4)
13.18 Creating a Choropleth Map
334(5)
13.19 Making a Map with a Clean Background
339(1)
13.20 Creating a Map from a Shapefile
340(5)
14 Output for Presentation
345(16)
14.1 Outputting to PDF Vector Files
345(2)
14.2 Outputting to SVG Vector Files
347(1)
14.3 Outputting to WMF Vector Files
347(1)
14.4 Editing a Vector Output File
348(2)
14.5 Outputting to Bitmap (PNG/TIFF) Files
350(2)
14.6 Using Fonts in PDF Files
352(3)
14.7 Using Fonts in Windows Bitmap or Screen Output
355(2)
14.8 Combining Several Plots into the Same Graphic
357(4)
15 Getting Your Data into Shape
361(42)
15.1 Creating a Data Frame
362(1)
15.2 Getting Information About a Data Structure
363(2)
15.3 Adding a Column to a Data Frame
365(1)
15.4 Deleting a Column from a Data Frame
366(1)
15.5 Renaming Columns in a Data Frame
367(1)
15.6 Reordering Columns in a Data Frame
368(1)
15.7 Getting a Subset of a Data Frame
369(2)
15.8 Changing the Order of Factor Levels
371(2)
15.9 Changing the Order of Factor Levels Based on Data Values
373(1)
15.10 Changing the Names of Factor Levels
374(2)
15.11 Removing Unused Levels from a Factor
376(1)
15.12 Changing the Names of Items in a Character Vector
377(2)
15.13 Recoding a Categorical Variable to Another Categorical Variable
379(2)
15.14 Recoding a Continuous Variable to a Categorical Variable
381(1)
15.15 Calculating New Columns from Existing Columns
382(2)
15.16 Calculating New Columns by Groups
384(3)
15.17 Summarizing Data by Groups
387(5)
15.18 Summarizing Data with Standard Errors and Confidence Intervals
392(3)
15.19 Converting Data from Wide to Long
395(4)
15.20 Converting Data from Long to Wide
399(1)
15.21 Converting a Time Series Object to Times and Values
400(3)
A. Understanding ggplot2 403(14)
Index 417
Winston Chang is a software engineer at RStudio, where he works on data visualization and software development tools for R. He has a Ph.D. in Psychology from Northwestern University, and created the Cookbook for R website, which contains recipes for common tasks in R.