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E-raamat: Radiative Heat Transfer

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(Shaffer and George Professor of Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA), (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Oct-2021
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323984072
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Oct-2021
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323984072
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Radiative Heat Transfer, Fourth Edition is a fully updated, revised and practical reference on the basic physics and computational tools scientists and researchers use to solve problems in the broad field of radiative heat transfer. This book is acknowledged as the core reference in the field, providing models, methodologies and calculations essential to solving research problems. It is applicable to a variety of industries, including nuclear, solar and combustion energy, aerospace, chemical and materials processing, as well as environmental, biomedical and nanotechnology fields.

Contemporary examples and problems surrounding sustainable energy, materials and process engineering are an essential addition to this edition.

  • Includes end-of-chapter problems and a solutions manual, providing a structured and coherent reference
  • Presents many worked examples which have been brought fully up-to-date to reflect the latest research
  • Details many computer codes, ranging from basic problem solving aids to sophisticated research tools
Preface to the Fourth Edition xv
List of Symbols xix
1 Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 The Nature of Thermal Radiation
2(2)
1.3 Basic Laws of Thermal Radiation
4(1)
1.4 Emissive Power
5(5)
1.5 Solid Angles
10(2)
1.6 Radiative Intensity
12(2)
1.7 Radiative Heat Flux
14(2)
1.8 Radiation Pressure
16(1)
1.9 Visible Radiation (Luminance)
17(2)
1.10 Radiative Intensity in Vacuum
19(1)
1.11 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Surfaces
20(1)
1.12 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Gases
21(2)
1.13 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Solids and Liquids
23(1)
1.14 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Particles
23(2)
1.15 The Radiative Transfer Equation
25(1)
1.16 Outline of Radiative Transport Theory
26(1)
Problems
26(2)
References
28(3)
2 Radiative Property Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory
2.1 Introduction
31(1)
2.2 The Macroscopic Maxwell Equations
31(1)
2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media
32(5)
2.4 Polarization
37(4)
2.5 Reflection and Transmission
41(14)
2.6 Theories for Optical Constants
55(3)
Problems
58(1)
References
58(1)
3 Radiative Properties of Real Surfaces
3.1 Introduction
59(1)
3.2 Definitions
60(9)
3.3 Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory
69(3)
3.4 Radiative Properties of Metals
72(8)
3.5 Radiative Properties of Nonconductors
80(5)
3.6 Effects of Surface Roughness
85(4)
3.7 Effects of Surface Damage, Oxide Films, and Dust
89(1)
3.8 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Sheets
90(7)
3.9 Special Surfaces
97(5)
3.10 Earth's Surface Properties and Climate Change
102(3)
3.11 Experimental Methods
105(11)
Problems
116(5)
References
121(6)
4 View Factors
4.1 Introduction
127(1)
4.2 Definition of View Factors
128(3)
4.3 Methods for the Evaluation of View Factors
131(1)
4.4 Area Integration
132(3)
4.5 Contour Integration
135(5)
4.6 View Factor Algebra
140(3)
4.7 The Crossed-Strings Method
143(5)
4.8 The Inside Sphere Method
148(2)
4.9 The Unit Sphere Method
150(1)
4.10 View Factor Between Arbitrary Planar Polygons
151(3)
Problems
154(4)
References
158(3)
5 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces
5.1 Introduction
161(1)
5.2 Radiative Exchange Between Black Surfaces
161(5)
5.3 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces (Net Radiation Method)
166(8)
5.4 Electrical Network Analogy
174(3)
5.5 Radiation Shields
177(2)
5.6 Solution Methods for the Governing Integral Equations
179(9)
Problems
188(8)
References
196(3)
6 Radiative Exchange Between Nondiffuse and Nongray Surfaces
6.1 Introduction
199(1)
6.2 Enclosures with Partially Specular Surfaces
199(5)
6.3 Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Partially Specular Surfaces
204(7)
6.4 Semitransparent Sheets (Windows)
211(3)
6.5 Radiative Exchange Between Nongray Surfaces
214(5)
6.6 Directionally Nonideal Surfaces
219(7)
6.7 Analysis for Arbitrary Surface Characteristics
226(1)
Problems
227(6)
References
233(2)
7 The Monte Carlo Method for Surface Exchange
7.1 Introduction
235(4)
7.2 Numerical Quadrature by Monte Carlo
239(1)
7.3 Heat Transfer Relations for Radiative Exchange Between Surfaces
240(2)
7.4 Surface Description
242(1)
7.5 Random Number Relations for Surface Exchange
243(6)
7.6 Ray Tracing
249(2)
7.7 Efficiency Considerations
251(5)
Problems
256(2)
References
258(3)
8 Surface Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Conduction and Convection
8.1 Introduction
261(1)
8.2 Challenges in Coupling Surface-to-Surface Radiation with Conduction/Convection
261(3)
8.3 Coupling Procedures
264(8)
8.4 Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient
272(1)
8.5 Conduction and Surface Radiation-Fins
273(3)
8.6 Convection and Surface Radiation-Tube Flow
276(3)
Problems
279(2)
References
281(4)
9 The Radiative Transfer Equation in Participating Media (RTE)
9.1 Introduction
285(1)
9.2 Attenuation by Absorption and Scattering
285(2)
9.3 Augmentation by Emission and Scattering
287(2)
9.4 The Radiative Transfer Equation
289(2)
9.5 Formal Solution to the Radiative Transfer Equation
291(2)
9.6 Boundary Conditions for the Radiative Transfer Equation
293(4)
9.7 RTE for a Medium with Graded Refractive Index
297(1)
9.8 Radiation Energy Density
298(1)
9.9 Radiative Heat Flux
298(1)
9.10 Divergence of the Radiative Heat Flux
299(3)
9.11 Integral Formulation of the Radiative Transfer Equation
302(1)
9.12 Overall Energy Conservation
303(2)
9.13 Solution Methods for the Radiative Transfer Equation
305(1)
Problems
306(2)
References
308(3)
10 Radiative Properties of Molecular Gases
10.1 Fundamental Principles
311(1)
10.2 Emission and Absorption Probabilities
312(3)
10.3 Atomic and Molecular Spectra
315(7)
10.4 Line Radiation
322(8)
10.5 Nonequilibrium Radiation
330(1)
10.6 High-Resolution Spectroscopic Databases
331(2)
10.7 Spectral Models for Radiative Transfer Calculations
333(2)
10.8 Narrow Band Models
335(9)
10.9 Narrow Band k-Distributions
344(12)
10.10 Wide Band Models
356(13)
10.11 Total Emissivity and Mean Absorption Coefficient
369(8)
10.12 Gas Properties of Earth's Atmosphere and Climate Change
377(4)
10.13 Experimental Methods
381(5)
Problems
386(5)
References
391(10)
11 Radiative Properties of Particulate Media
11.1 Introduction
401(1)
11.2 Absorption and Scattering from a Single Sphere
402(5)
11.3 Radiative Properties of a Particle Cloud
407(4)
11.4 Radiative Properties of Small Spheres (Rayleigh Scattering)
411(2)
11.5 Rayleigh-Gans Scattering
413(1)
11.6 Anomalous Diffraction
414(1)
11.7 Radiative Properties of Large Spheres
414(6)
11.8 Absorption and Scattering by Long Cylinders
420(2)
11.9 Approximate Scattering Phase Functions
422(3)
11.10 Radiative Properties of Irregular Particles and Aggregates
425(1)
11.11 Radiative Properties of Combustion Particles
426(12)
11.12 Experimental Determination of Radiative Properties of Particles
438(5)
Problems
443(2)
References
445(8)
12 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media
12.1 Introduction
453(1)
12.2 Absorption by Semitransparent Solids
453(2)
12.3 Absorption by Semitransparent Liquids
455(2)
12.4 Radiative Properties of Porous Solids
457(3)
12.5 Experimental Methods
460(3)
Problems
463(1)
References
463(4)
13 Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional Gray Media
13.1 Introduction
467(1)
13.2 General Formulation for a Plane-Parallel Medium
467(4)
13.3 Plane Layer of a Nonscattering Medium
471(7)
13.4 Plane Layer of a Scattering Medium
478(2)
13.5 Plane Layer of a Graded Index Medium
480(3)
13.6 Radiative Transfer in Spherical Media
483(4)
13.7 Radiative Transfer in Cylindrical Media
487(3)
13.8 Numerical Solution of the Governing Integral Equations
490(1)
Problems
491(2)
References
493(4)
14 Approximate Solution Methods for One-Dimensional Media
14.1 The Optically Thin Approximation
497(1)
14.2 The Optically Thick Approximation (Diffusion Approximation)
498(5)
14.3 The Schuster-Schwarzschild Approximation
503(2)
14.4 The Milne-Eddington Approximation (Moment Method)
505(2)
14.5 The Exponential Kernel Approximation
507(2)
Problems
509(1)
References
510(3)
15 The Method of Spherical Harmonics (PN-Approximation)
15.1 Introduction
513(1)
15.2 General Formulation of the PN-Approximation
513(1)
15.3 The PN-Approximation for a One-Dimensional Slab
514(2)
15.4 Boundary Conditions for the PN-Method
516(3)
15.5 The Pi-Approximation
519(7)
15.6 P3- and Higher-Order Approximations
526(13)
15.7 Simplified PN-Approximation
539(4)
15.8 Other Methods Based on the P1-Approximation
543(10)
15.9 Comparison of Methods
553(3)
Problems
556(2)
References
558(5)
16 The Method of Discrete Ordinates (SN-Approximation)
16.1 Introduction
563(1)
16.2 General Relations
563(3)
16.3 The One-Dimensional Slab
566(5)
16.4 One-Dimensional Concentric Spheres and Cylinders
571(5)
16.5 Multidimensional Problems
576(17)
16.6 The Finite Angle Method (FAM)
593(9)
16.7 The Modified Discrete Ordinates Method
602(1)
16.8 Even-Parity Formulation
603(1)
16.9 Other Related Methods
604(2)
16.10 Concluding Remarks
606(1)
Problems
606(2)
References
608(9)
17 The Zonal Method
17.1 Introduction
617(1)
17.2 Surface Exchange - No Participating Medium
617(5)
17.3 Radiative Exchange in Gray Absorbing/Emitting Media
622(6)
17.4 Radiative Exchange in Gray Media with Isotropic Scattering
628(6)
17.5 Radiative Exchange through a Nongray Medium
634(2)
17.6 Accuracy and Efficiency Considerations
636(1)
Problems
637(1)
References
638(3)
18 Collimated Irradiation and Transient Phenomena
18.1 Introduction
641(2)
18.2 Reduction of the Problem
643(3)
18.3 The Modified P1-Approximation with Collimated Irradiation
646(3)
18.4 Short-Pulsed Collimated Irradiation with Transient Effects
649(3)
Problems
652(1)
References
653(4)
19 Solution Methods for Nongray Extinction Coefficients
19.1 Introduction
657(1)
19.2 The Mean Beam Length Method
658(6)
19.3 Semigray Approximations
664(3)
19.4 The Stepwise-Gray Model (Box Model)
667(6)
19.5 General Band Model Formulation
673(4)
19.6 The Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) Model
677(6)
19.7 The Spectral-Line-Based Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (SLW) Model
683(3)
19.8 Outline of k-Distribution Models
686(2)
19.9 The Narrow Band and Wide Band k-Distribution Methods
688(2)
19.10 The Full Spectrum k-Distribution (FSK) Method for Homogeneous Media
690(6)
19.11 The FSK and SLW Methods for Nonhomogeneous Media
696(15)
19.12 Evaluation of k-Distributions and ALBDFs
711(9)
19.13 Higher Order k-Distribution Methods
720(7)
Problems
727(2)
References
729(8)
20 The Monte Carlo Method for Participating Media
20.1 Introduction
737(1)
20.2 Heat Transfer Relations for Participating Media
737(1)
20.3 Random Number Relations for Participating Media
738(5)
20.4 Treatment of Spectral Line Structure Effects
743(6)
20.5 Overall Energy Conservation
749(1)
20.6 Discrete Particle Fields
750(7)
20.7 Backward Monte Carlo
757(3)
20.8 Efficiency/Accuracy Considerations
760(6)
20.9 Media with Variable Refractive Index
766(1)
20.10 Example
Problems
766(3)
Problems
769(1)
References
770(5)
21 Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection
21.1 Introduction
775(1)
21.2 Combined Radiation and Conduction
775(9)
21.3 Melting and Solidification with Internal Radiation
784(6)
21.4 Combined Radiation and Convection
790(9)
21.5 General Formulations for Coupling
799(7)
Problems
806(2)
References
808(11)
22 Radiation in Chemically Reacting Systems
22.1 Introduction
819(1)
22.2 Coupling Considerations
819(2)
22.3 Combined Radiation and Laminar Combustion
821(3)
22.4 Combined Radiation and Turbulent Combustion
824(14)
22.5 Comparison of RTE Solvers for Reacting Systems
838(6)
22.6 Radiation in Concentrating Solar Energy Systems
844(4)
References
848(11)
23 Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer
23.1 Introduction
859(1)
23.2 Solution Methods
859(6)
23.3 Regularization
865(2)
23.4 Gradient-Based Optimization
867(7)
23.5 Metaheuristics
874(3)
23.6 Summary of Inverse Radiation Research
877(2)
Problems
879(2)
References
881(6)
24 Nanoscale Radiative Transfer
24.1 Introduction
887(1)
24.2 Coherence of Light
887(1)
24.3 Evanescent Waves
887(2)
24.4 Radiation Tunneling
889(2)
24.5 Surface Waves (Polaritons)
891(1)
24.6 Fluctuational Electrodynamics
892(2)
24.7 Heat Transfer Between Parallel Plates
894(4)
24.8 Experiments on Nanoscale Radiation
898(1)
24.9 Applications
899(1)
Problems
900(1)
References
900(20)
A Constants and Conversion Factors
B Tables for Radiative Properties of Opaque Surfaces
References
920(14)
C Blackbody Emissive Power Table
D View Factor Catalogue
References
934(9)
E Exponential Integral Functions
References
943(8)
F Computer Codes
References
951(4)
Author Index 955(20)
Index 975
Michael F. Modest received his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Merced. His research interests include all aspects of radiative heat transfer; in particular heat transfer in combustion systems, heat transfer in hypersonic plasmas, and laser processing of materials. For several years, he taught at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the University of Southern California, followed by 23 years as a Professor of mechanical engineering at The Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Modest is a recipient of the Heat Transfer Memorial award, the Humboldt Research award, and the AIAA Thermophysics award, among many others. He is an honorary member of the ASME, and an Associate Fellow of the AIAA. Sandip Mazumder received his PhD from the Pennsylvania State University, and is currently Professor at The Ohio State University. His research in radiation has primarily involved developing efficient methods for solving the radiative transfer equation and coupling it to other modes of heat transfer for practical applications. Dr. Mazumder was employed at CFD Research Corporation for 7 years prior to joining Ohio State in 2004. He is the recipient of the McCarthy teaching award and the Lumley research award from the Ohio State College of Engineering, among other awards, and is a fellow of the ASME.
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