Preface |
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xvii | |
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1 | (5) |
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5 | (1) |
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2 Fundamentals Of Electromagnetics |
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6 | (14) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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2.3.1 Constitutive Relations |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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2.4 Sinusoidal Time-Varying Steady State |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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2.5.1 General Boundary Conditions |
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11 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Specific Boundary Conditions |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.8 Loss and Propagation Constant in Medium |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (3) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (65) |
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3.1 Fundamentals of Lumped Elements |
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20 | (8) |
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23 | (5) |
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3.2 Quality Factor of Lumped Elements |
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28 | (2) |
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3.3 Modeling of Lumped Elements |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (28) |
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3.4.1 Inductor Configurations |
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32 | (4) |
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36 | (3) |
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3.4.3 Equivalent-Circuit Models of Inductors |
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39 | (6) |
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3.4.4 Resonance in Inductors |
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45 | (1) |
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3.4.5 Quality Factor of Inductors |
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46 | (5) |
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3.4.6 High Q Inductor Design Considerations |
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51 | (9) |
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3.5 Lumped-Element Capacitors |
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60 | (12) |
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3.5.1 Capacitor Configurations |
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60 | (3) |
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3.5.2 Equivalent-Circuit Models of Capacitors |
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63 | (5) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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3.5.5 High Q Capacitor Design Considerations |
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71 | (1) |
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3.6 Lumped-Element Resistors |
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72 | (13) |
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3.6.1 Resistor Configurations |
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72 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Basic Resistor Equations |
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72 | (3) |
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3.6.3 Equivalent-Circuit Models of Resistors |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (9) |
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85 | (101) |
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4.1 Essentials of Transmission Lines |
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85 | (1) |
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4.2 Transmission-Line Equations |
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86 | (7) |
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4.2.1 General Transmission-Line Equations |
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86 | (5) |
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4.2.2 Sinusoidal Steady-State Transmission-Line Equations |
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91 | (2) |
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4.3 Transmission-Line Parameters |
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93 | (4) |
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4.3.1 General Transmission Lines |
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93 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Lossless Transmission Lines |
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96 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Low Loss Transmission Lines |
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96 | (1) |
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4.4 Per-Unit-Length Parameters R, L, C, and G |
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97 | (10) |
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4.4.1 General Formulation |
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97 | (7) |
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4.4.2 Formulation for Simple Transmission Lines |
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104 | (3) |
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4.5 Dielectric and Conductor Losses in Transmission Lines |
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107 | (4) |
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4.5.1 Dielectric Attenuation Constant |
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108 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Conductor Attenuation Constant |
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109 | (2) |
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4.6 Dispersion and Distortion in Transmission Lines |
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111 | (4) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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4.6.3 Distortion-Less Transmission Lines |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (2) |
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4.8 Impedance, Reflection Coefficients, and Standing-Wave Ratios |
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117 | (9) |
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117 | (2) |
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4.8.2 Reflection Coefficients |
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119 | (1) |
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4.8.3 Standing-Wave Ratio |
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120 | (2) |
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4.8.4 Perfect Match and Total Reflection |
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122 | (1) |
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4.8.5 Lossless Transmission Lines |
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123 | (3) |
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4.9 Synthetic Transmission Lines |
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126 | (2) |
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4.10 Tem and Quasi-Tem Transmission-Line Parameters |
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128 | (4) |
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4.10.1 Static or Quasi-Static Analysis |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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4.11 Printed-Circuit Transmission Lines |
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132 | (12) |
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133 | (2) |
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4.11.2 Coplanar Waveguide |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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4.11.6 Field Distributions |
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142 | (2) |
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4.12 Transmission Lines in RFICs |
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144 | (8) |
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145 | (1) |
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4.12.2 Coplanar Waveguide |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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4.12.6 Transitions and Junctions Between Transmission Lines |
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150 | (2) |
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4.13 Multi-Conductor Transmission Lines |
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152 | (34) |
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4.13.1 Transmission-Line Equations |
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152 | (4) |
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156 | (1) |
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4.13.3 Characteristic Impedance and Admittance Matrix |
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157 | (2) |
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4.13.4 Mode Characteristic Impedances and Admittances |
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159 | (2) |
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4.13.5 Impedance and Admittance Matrix |
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161 | (2) |
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4.13.6 Lossless Multiconductor Transmission Lines |
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163 | (10) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (8) |
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Appendix 4 Transmission-Line Equations Derived From Maxwell's Equations |
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182 | (4) |
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186 | (58) |
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5.1 Fundamentals of Resonators |
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186 | (3) |
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5.1.1 Parallel Resonators |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (16) |
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5.2.1 Parallel Resonators |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Unloaded Quality Factor |
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195 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Loaded Quality Factor |
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195 | (3) |
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5.2.5 Evaluation of and Relation between Unloaded and Loaded Quality Factors |
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198 | (7) |
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5.3 Distributed Resonators |
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205 | (26) |
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5.3.1 Quality-Factor Characteristics |
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206 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Transmission-Line Resonators |
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207 | (9) |
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5.3.3 Waveguide Cavity Resonators |
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216 | (15) |
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5.4 Resonator's Slope Parameters |
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231 | (1) |
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5.5 Transformation of Resonators |
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231 | (13) |
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5.5.1 Impedance and Admittance Inverters |
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231 | (5) |
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5.5.2 Examples of Resonator Transformation |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (6) |
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244 | (27) |
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6.1 Basic Impedance Matching |
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244 | (4) |
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244 | (4) |
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6.2 Design of Impedance-Matching Networks |
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248 | (14) |
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6.2.1 Impedance-Matching Network Topologies |
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249 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Impedance Transformation through Series and Shunt Inductor and Capacitor |
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249 | (3) |
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6.2.3 Examples of Impedance-Matching Network Design |
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252 | (3) |
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6.2.4 Transmission-Line Impedance-Matching Networks |
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255 | (7) |
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262 | (9) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (5) |
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271 | (33) |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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7.4 Impedance and Admittance Matrix in RF Circuit Analysis |
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274 | (5) |
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7.4.1 T-Network Representation of Two-Port RF Circuits |
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275 | (3) |
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7.4.2 π-Network Representation of Two-Port RF Circuits |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (14) |
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7.5.1 Fundamentals of Scattering Matrix |
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279 | (8) |
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7.5.2 Examples for Scattering Parameters |
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287 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Effect of Reference-Plane Change on Scattering Matrix |
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288 | (2) |
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7.5.4 Return Loss, Insertion Loss, and Gain |
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290 | (3) |
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293 | (1) |
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7.7 Scattering Transmission Matrix |
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294 | (1) |
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7.8 Conversion Between Two-Port Parameters |
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295 | (9) |
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7.8.1 Conversion from [ Z] to [ ABCD] |
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295 | (3) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (6) |
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304 | (75) |
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8.1 Characteristics of Multiport RF Passive Components |
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304 | (7) |
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8.1.1 Characteristics of Three-Port Components |
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304 | (5) |
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8.1.2 Characteristics of Four-Port Components |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (15) |
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8.2.1 Fundamentals of Directional Couplers |
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311 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Parallel-Coupled Directional Couplers |
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313 | (13) |
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326 | (13) |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (7) |
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8.3.3 Branch-Line Coupler |
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335 | (4) |
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339 | (6) |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Superimposition of Even and Odd Modes |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (34) |
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345 | (12) |
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8.5.2 High Pass Filter Design |
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357 | (2) |
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8.5.3 Band-Pass Filter Design |
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359 | (2) |
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8.5.4 Band-Stop Filter Design |
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361 | (3) |
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8.5.5 Filter Design Using Impedance and Admittance Inverters |
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364 | (7) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (7) |
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9 Fundamentals Of Cmos Transistors For Rfic Design |
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379 | (39) |
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379 | (7) |
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379 | (3) |
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382 | (4) |
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386 | (21) |
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9.2.1 Physics-Based Models |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (15) |
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402 | (2) |
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9.2.4 Passive MOSFET Models |
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404 | (3) |
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9.3 Important MOSFET Frquencies |
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407 | (2) |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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9.4 Other Important MOSFET Parameters |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (9) |
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9.5.1 Varactor Structure and Operation |
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409 | (1) |
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9.5.2 Varactor Model and Characteristics |
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410 | (2) |
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412 | (1) |
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412 | (6) |
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418 | (12) |
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10.1 Fundamentals of Stability |
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418 | (3) |
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10.2 Determination of Stable and Unstable Regions |
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421 | (6) |
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10.3 Stability Consideration for N-Port Circuits |
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427 | (3) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (142) |
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11.1 Fundamentals of Amplifier Design |
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430 | (13) |
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430 | (3) |
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433 | (10) |
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11.2 Low Noise Amplifiers |
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443 | (8) |
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11.2.1 Noise Figure Fundamentals |
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443 | (3) |
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11.2.2 MOSFET Noise Parameters |
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446 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Noise Figure of Multistage Amplifiers |
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447 | (1) |
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11.2.4 Noise-Figure Design |
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448 | (2) |
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11.2.5 Design for Gain and Noise Figure |
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450 | (1) |
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451 | (4) |
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11.3.1 Unilateral Amplifier Design |
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451 | (3) |
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11.3.2 Bilateral Amplifier Design |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (15) |
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11.4.1 Power-Amplifier Parameters |
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455 | (3) |
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11.4.2 Power-Amplifier Types |
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458 | (12) |
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470 | (19) |
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11.5.1 Differential Amplifiers |
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470 | (15) |
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11.5.2 Ninety-Degree Balanced Amplifiers |
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485 | (2) |
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11.5.3 Push-Pull Amplifiers |
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487 | (2) |
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11.6 Broadband Amplifiers |
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489 | (59) |
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11.6.1 Compensated Matching Networks |
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489 | (1) |
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11.6.2 Distributed Amplifiers |
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490 | (33) |
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11.6.3 Feedback Amplifiers |
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523 | (17) |
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11.6.4 Cascoded Common-Source Amplifiers |
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540 | (8) |
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548 | (24) |
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11.7.1 Basic Current Mirror |
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550 | (1) |
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11.7.2 Cascode Current Mirror |
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550 | (2) |
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552 | (1) |
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553 | (10) |
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A11.1 Fundamentals of Signal Flow Graph |
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563 | (1) |
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A11.2 Signal Flow Graph of Two-Port Networks |
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563 | (1) |
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A11.2.1 Transistor's Signal Flow Graph |
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563 | (1) |
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A11.2.2 Input Matching Network's Signal Flow Graph |
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564 | (1) |
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A11.2.3 Output Matching Network's Signal Flow Graph |
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565 | (1) |
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A11.2.4 Signal Flow Graph of the Composite Two-Port Network |
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566 | (1) |
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A11.3 Derivation of Network's Parameters Using Signal Flow Graphs |
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566 | (1) |
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A11.3.1 Examples of Derivation |
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567 | (1) |
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A11.3.2 Derivation of Reflection Coefficients and Power Gain |
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568 | (3) |
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571 | (1) |
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572 | (61) |
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12.1 Principle of Oscillation |
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572 | (3) |
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12.1.1 Oscillation Conditions |
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573 | (1) |
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12.1.2 Oscillation Determination |
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574 | (1) |
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12.2 Fundamentals of Oscillator Design |
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575 | (12) |
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576 | (3) |
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12.2.2 Feedback Oscillators |
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579 | (8) |
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587 | (15) |
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12.3.1 Fundamentals of Phase Noise |
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588 | (5) |
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12.3.2 Phase Noise Modeling |
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593 | (6) |
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12.3.3 Low Phase-Noise Design Consideration |
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599 | (1) |
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12.3.4 Effects of Phase Noise on Systems |
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599 | (2) |
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12.3.5 Analysis Example of Effects of Phase Noise |
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601 | (1) |
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602 | (31) |
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12.4.1 Cross-Coupled Oscillators |
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602 | (10) |
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12.4.2 Distributed Oscillators |
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612 | (5) |
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12.4.3 Push-Push Oscillators |
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617 | (9) |
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626 | (1) |
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627 | (6) |
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633 | (61) |
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13.1 Fundamentals of Mixers |
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633 | (8) |
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633 | (3) |
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636 | (5) |
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641 | (9) |
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13.2.1 Single-Ended Mixer |
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642 | (1) |
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13.2.2 Single-Balanced Mixer |
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642 | (4) |
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13.2.3 Double-Balanced Mixer |
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646 | (3) |
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13.2.4 Doubly Double-Balanced Mixer |
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649 | (1) |
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650 | (6) |
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650 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Image-Reject Mixer |
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651 | (1) |
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652 | (1) |
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652 | (4) |
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13.4 Mixer Analysis and Design |
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656 | (11) |
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13.4.1 Switching Mixer Fundamental |
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656 | (2) |
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13.4.2 Single-Ended Mixer |
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658 | (3) |
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13.4.3 Single-Balanced Mixer |
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661 | (2) |
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13.4.4 Double-Balanced Mixer |
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663 | (2) |
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13.4.5 Source Degeneration in Mixer Design |
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665 | (2) |
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667 | (27) |
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13.5.1 Fundamentals of Sampling |
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668 | (1) |
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669 | (1) |
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670 | (3) |
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673 | (5) |
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678 | (1) |
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13.5.6 Integrated Sampling Mixer |
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678 | (11) |
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689 | (1) |
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690 | (4) |
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694 | (53) |
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14.1 Fundamentals of Switches |
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694 | (3) |
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694 | (1) |
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14.1.2 Important Parameters |
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695 | (2) |
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14.2 Analysis of Switching MOSFET |
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697 | (5) |
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14.2.1 Analysis of Shunt Transistor |
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697 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Analysis of Series Transistor |
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698 | (1) |
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14.2.3 Analysis of Combined Series and Shunt Transistors |
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699 | (1) |
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14.2.4 Selection of MOSFET |
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699 | (2) |
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14.2.5 Design Consideration for Improved Insertion Loss and Isolation |
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701 | (1) |
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702 | (10) |
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14.3.1 SPST Switch Employing Two Parallel MOSFETs |
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702 | (1) |
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14.3.2 SPST Switch Employing Two Series MOSFETs |
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703 | (1) |
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14.3.3 SPST Switch Employing Two Series and Two Shunt MOSFETs |
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703 | (1) |
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14.3.4 SPST Switch Using Impedance or Admittance Inverters |
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703 | (9) |
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712 | (2) |
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14.4.1 SPDT Switch Topologies |
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712 | (1) |
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14.4.2 SPDT Switch Analysis |
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713 | (1) |
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14.5 Ultra-Wideband Switches |
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714 | (13) |
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14.5.1 Ultra-Wideband SPST Switch |
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715 | (6) |
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14.5.2 Ultra-Wideband T/R Switch |
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721 | (6) |
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14.6 Ultra-High-Isolation Switches |
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727 | (10) |
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14.6.1 Ultra-High-Isolation Switch Architecture and Analysis |
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727 | (6) |
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14.6.2 Ultra-High-Isolation SPST Switch Design |
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733 | (4) |
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737 | (10) |
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739 | (1) |
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739 | (8) |
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15 Rfic Simulation, Layout, And Test |
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747 | (41) |
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748 | (6) |
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749 | (1) |
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15.1.2 Small-Signal AC Simulation |
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749 | (1) |
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15.1.3 Transient Simulation |
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749 | (1) |
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15.1.4 Periodic Steady State Simulation |
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749 | (1) |
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15.1.5 Harmonic-Balance Simulation |
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750 | (1) |
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15.1.6 Periodic Distortion Analysis |
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751 | (1) |
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15.1.7 Envelope Simulation |
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751 | (1) |
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15.1.8 Periodic Small Signal Analysis |
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751 | (1) |
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751 | (3) |
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15.1.10 Statistical and Mismatch Simulation |
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754 | (1) |
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754 | (4) |
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15.2.1 General Layout Issues |
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754 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Passive and Active Component Layout |
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755 | (3) |
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758 | (30) |
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15.3.1 On-Wafer Measurement |
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759 | (23) |
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15.3.2 Off-Chip Measurement |
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782 | (2) |
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784 | (1) |
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784 | (4) |
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788 | (42) |
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16.1 Fundamentals of Systems |
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788 | (13) |
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16.1.1 Friis Transmission Equation |
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788 | (2) |
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790 | (1) |
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16.1.3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio of System |
|
|
791 | (2) |
|
16.1.4 Receiver Sensitivity |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
16.1.5 System Performance Factor |
|
|
794 | (2) |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
16.1.7 Angle and Range Resolution |
|
|
797 | (3) |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
|
801 | (29) |
|
|
801 | (2) |
|
|
803 | (5) |
|
16.2.3 Receiver Architectures |
|
|
808 | (18) |
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
|
826 | (4) |
|
APPENDIX: RFIC DESIGN EXAMPLE: MIXER |
|
|
830 | (11) |
|
A1.1 Circuit Design Specifications and General Design Information |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
|
830 | (5) |
|
A1.2.1 Single-Ended to Differential Input Active Balun |
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
A1.2.2 Double-Balanced Gilbert Cell |
|
|
832 | (2) |
|
A1.2.3 Differential to Single-Ended Output Active Balun |
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
A1.3 Mixer Optimization and Layout |
|
|
835 | (1) |
|
|
836 | (2) |
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
A1.4.5 Other Mixer Performance |
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
838 | (3) |
|
|
840 | (1) |
Index |
|
841 | |