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E-raamat: Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity: Macrophages and their Role in Inflammation

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Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Mar-2022
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  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128223697
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128223697
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In recent years, researchers around the globe have deep dived into the fascination world of the Macrophage and its diverse role in tissue development, angiogenesis, and wound healing, and above all the untapped mystery of the wondering immune system within our body. Macrophages and their role in inflammation includes all the latest information of macrophages and inflammation as well as it provides an in-depth understanding of this complex and rapidly progressing field of study.
  • Outlines the role of macrophages in inflammation
  • Contains chapters by leading authors on the basic and translational aspects of macrophage biology
  • Deals with internal and external treats
List of contributors
xix
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
SECTION I Biology
Chapter 1 Introduction to macrophages
3(10)
Da Hae Lee
Jae Youl Cho
1.1 Macrophage and immunity; exploration of macrophage in immune system
3(4)
1.1.1 Phagocytosis of macrophages
3(1)
1.1.2 Macrophages and their roles in innate immunity
4(2)
1.1.3 Macrophages and their roles in adaptive immunity
6(1)
1.2 Macrophages are versatile and plastic cells; diverse roles of macrophages
7(1)
1.3 Origin of macrophages; hematopoiesis and their location in the body
8(2)
1.4 Activation and polarization of macrophages; M1/M2 polarization
10(3)
References
10(3)
Chapter 2 Basic biology of macrophages
13(16)
Moizur Rahman
Md. Selim Ahmed
Md. Abdul Matin
Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
2.1 Introduction
13(1)
2.2 Origin and development of macrophages
14(3)
2.3 Differentiation of macrophages
17(1)
2.4 Activation and polarization of macrophages
18(3)
2.5 Conclusion
21(8)
References
22(7)
SECTION II Inflammation processes
Chapter 3 Overview of inflammation
29(24)
Zubair Ahmed Ratan
Mohammad Faisal Haidere
Joy James Costa
Nusrat Jahan Runa
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
Jae Youl Cho
3.1 Introduction to inflammation
29(1)
3.2 Causes of inflammation
30(1)
3.3 Morphological patterns of inflammation
31(1)
3.3.1 Granulomatous inflammation
31(1)
3.3.2 Purulent inflammation
31(1)
3.3.3 Fibrinous inflammation
31(1)
3.3.4 Serous inflammation
32(1)
3.4 Mechanism of inflammation
32(1)
3.5 Mediators of inflammation
33(1)
3.6 Cell-derived mediators
34(1)
3.6.1 Vasoactive amines
34(1)
3.7 Archidonic acid metabolites
34(5)
3.7.1 Leukotrienes
34(5)
3.7.2 Lipoxins
39(1)
3.7.3 Thromboxane
39(1)
3.7.4 Platelet activation factors
39(1)
3.8 Cytokines
39(1)
3.8.1 Interferon
39(1)
3.8.2 Interleukins
39(1)
3.8.3 Tumor necrosis factor-a
40(1)
3.8.4 Chemokines
40(1)
3.9 Others
40(1)
3.9.1 Nitrogen monoxide
40(1)
3.9.2 Hydrogen sulfide
40(1)
3.9.3 Carbon monoxide
41(1)
3.10 Plasma protein-derived mediators
41(1)
3.11 Complement cascade
41(1)
3.12 Factor XII (Hageman)
41(1)
3.12.1 Lysine
41(1)
3.12.2 Plasmin
41(1)
3.12.3 High-molecular-weight kininogen
42(1)
3.12.4 Low-molecular-weight kininogen
42(1)
3.12.5 Bradykinin
42(1)
3.13 Antiinflammatory agents
42(1)
3.14 Cancer and inflammation
42(2)
3.15 Conclusion
44(9)
References
45(8)
Chapter 4 The role of macrophages in inflammation
53(20)
Md. Abdul Matin
Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
Md. Selim Ahmed
Moizur Rahman
Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
4.1 Introduction
53(1)
4.2 Development of macrophages
54(1)
4.3 Role of macrophages in inflammation
54(11)
4.3.1 Macrophages imparting in inflammation
55(1)
4.3.2 Macrophage to eliminate the cell death/debris and clearance in inflammation
55(1)
4.3.3 A main mediator of macrophage in Inflammation: Interferon-γ
56(1)
4.3.4 Negative regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways with macrophages
57(5)
4.3.5 The role of macrophages in inflammation based on mathematical approaches
62(1)
4.3.6 Endogenous molecules released by the macrophage in the regulation of inflammation
62(3)
4.4 Conclusion
65(8)
References
65(8)
Chapter 5 Molecular signaling of inflammatory responses in macrophages
73(26)
Young-Su Yi
5.1 Introduction
73(1)
5.2 Molecular signaling of priming in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses
74(7)
5.2.1 Structure of TLRs responsible for priming step of inflammatory responses
74(2)
5.2.2 Activating ligands of TLRs
76(2)
5.2.3 Molecular signaling of TLR-activated inflammatory responses
78(3)
5.3 Molecular signaling of triggering in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses
81(9)
5.3.1 Structure of PRRs responsible for triggering step of inflammatory responses
82(2)
5.3.2 Activating ligands and inflammasome structure
84(3)
5.3.3 Molecular signaling of inflammasome-activated inflammatory responses
87(3)
5.4 Summary and perspectives
90(9)
References
91(8)
Chapter 6 Biomaterials modulate macrophage polarization and inflammatory responses
99(14)
Weiping Zheng
Hailin Huang
Fangze Guo
Changqing Yuan
Qihui Zhou
6.1 Introduction
99(1)
6.2 Nanoparticle and macrophages
100(3)
6.2.1 Nanoparticle size
100(1)
6.2.2 Nanoparticle shape
101(1)
6.2.3 Surface modification
102(1)
6.3 Nanofiber and macrophages
103(1)
6.3.1 Alignment
103(1)
6.3.2 Diameter and pore size
103(1)
6.3.3 Other factors
104(1)
6.4 Hydrogel and macrophages
104(2)
6.4.1 Stiffness
104(1)
6.4.2 Pore size
105(1)
6.4.3 Biomimetic feature
105(1)
6.5 Conclusion
106(7)
References
107(6)
SECTION III Role of macrophages in systemic inflammation
Chapter 7 Role of macrophages in tumor development
113(52)
Md Robiul Karim
Delower Hossain
A.H.M. Musleh Uddin
Farzana Islam Rume
7.1 Introduction
113(1)
7.2 Origin and recruitment of TAMs
114(1)
7.3 Differentiation and polarization of TAMs
114(5)
7.3.1 Ml macrophage polarization
116(1)
7.3.2 M2 macrophage polarization
117(2)
7.4 Derivatives of TAM proteins
119(2)
7.4.1 CSF-1
119(1)
7.4.2 CCL2
119(1)
7.4.3 CCL5
120(1)
7.4.4 CCL18
120(1)
7.4.5 IL-6
120(1)
7.4.6 MMPs
120(1)
7.4.7 TNF
121(1)
7.5 Functions of TAMs
121(4)
7.5.1 TAMs progress tumor growth
121(1)
7.5.2 TAMs promote metastasis
122(1)
7.5.3 TAMs participate in immunosuppression
122(1)
7.5.4 TAMs promote angiogenesis
123(1)
7.5.5 TAMs promote lymphangiogenesis
123(2)
7.6 Mechanisms of TAMs in tumor development
125(4)
7.6.1 Protumoral mechanisms of TAMs
125(3)
7.6.2 Metastasis mechanisms of TAMs
128(1)
7.7 Relationship between TAMs and tumor cells via paracrine signaling networks
129(1)
7.8 TAMs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cancer
130(1)
7.9 TAMs as problem and prospect for cancer therapy
130(14)
7.9.1 Interaction of TAMs with ICB therapy
130(1)
7.9.2 Interaction of TAMs with chemotherapy
131(1)
7.9.3 Interaction of TAMs with antiangiogenic therapy
132(1)
7.9.4 Interaction of TAMs with radiotherapy
132(1)
7.9.5 TAM targeted strategies for cancer therapy
133(11)
7.10 TAMs as cancer prognostic biomarkers
144(1)
7.11 Conclusions
144(21)
References
145(20)
Chapter 8 Macrophages and their antitumor activity
165(20)
Zhixia Zhou
8.1 Introduction
165(1)
8.2 Macrophages in tumors
166(3)
8.2.1 Classification of macrophage in tumors
166(1)
8.2.2 Polarization of macrophage in tumors
167(1)
8.2.3 Functions of macrophage in tumors
168(1)
8.3 Macrophage-targeted cancer therapeutics
169(3)
8.3.1 Strategies to eliminate TAMs
170(1)
8.3.2 Strategies to reprogram TAM polarization from M2 to M1
171(1)
8.4 Conclusion
172(13)
References
174(11)
Chapter 9 Microglia and macrophages in central nervous systems
185(24)
I.K. Hyun Cho
9.1 Introduction
185(1)
9.2 Microglia and macrophages in healthy CNS
186(4)
9.2.1 Mononuclear phagocyte system and macrophages
186(1)
9.2.2 Microglia and macrophage origin
186(1)
9.2.3 Genetic signatures for microglia and macrophages
187(1)
9.2.4 Microglial and macrophagic activation and roles in development
187(1)
9.2.5 Microglial and macrophagic activation and roles in the adult
188(1)
9.2.6 Physiological regulation of neurogenesis by microglia
188(1)
9.2.7 Epigenetic regulation in adult neurogenesis
189(1)
9.3 Microglia and macrophages in pathological CNS
190(8)
9.3.1 Blood-brain barrier
190(1)
9.3.2 Phenotypes of microglia and macrophages
191(1)
9.3.3 Microglia and macrophages in CNS disease
191(7)
9.4 Therapeutic approaches targeting macrophages and microglia in pathological CNS
198(1)
9.5 Conclusion
199(10)
References
200(9)
Chapter 10 Adipose tissue
209(20)
Dahae Lee
Tuy An Trinh
Myoung-Sook Shin
Ki Sung Kang
10.1 Introduction
209(2)
10.2 Association between adipocytes and macrophages
211(1)
10.2.1 Similarities between the origin of adipocytes and macrophages
211(1)
10.2.2 Possibility of conversion from adipocytes to macrophages
211(1)
10.2.3 Study on the origin of macrophages infiltrating adipose tissue
211(1)
10.3 Inflammation and related diseases in adipose
212(1)
10.3.1 Inflammation
212(1)
10.3.2 Adipose tissue inflammation
212(1)
10.3.3 Adipose tissue inflammation and related diseases
212(1)
10.4 Pathology of NASH, NAFLD, and therapeutic targets
213(7)
10.4.1 The pathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
214(1)
10.4.2 Therapeutic targets for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
215(5)
10.5 Conclusion
220(9)
References
220(9)
Chapter 11 Heart and circulatory system
229(26)
Jong-Hoon Kim
11.1 Introduction
229(1)
11.2 Heart
229(3)
11.3 Structure of the heart
232(2)
11.3.1 Chambers of the heart
233(1)
11.3.2 Myocardium
234(1)
11.3.3 Heart cycle
234(1)
11.4 Physiology of the heart
234(3)
11.4.1 Heart sounds
235(1)
11.4.2 Blood
235(2)
11.5 Physiology of fluid movement
237(5)
11.5.1 Blood flow
239(1)
11.5.2 Pulse and blood pressure
239(1)
11.5.3 Blood pressure
239(1)
11.5.4 Circulatory pathways
239(1)
11.5.5 Pulmonary circuit
240(1)
11.5.6 Systemic circuit
240(1)
11.5.7 Major systemic arteries
240(1)
11.5.8 Major systemic veins
241(1)
11.5.9 Fetal circulation
241(1)
11.6 Problems of the heart and circulatory system
242(1)
11.7 Lymphatic system
243(5)
11.7.1 Components of the lymphatic system
244(4)
11.8 Cardiac macrophages
248(4)
11.8.1 Function of cardiac macrophages
249(2)
11.8.2 Cardiac immune response
251(1)
11.8.3 Prospects for cardiac macrophages
251(1)
11.9 Summary
252(1)
11.10 Websites
253(2)
References
254(1)
Chapter 12 Macrophage and cardiovascular diseases
255(10)
Wenwen Zhao
Mi Zhang
Mengyao Zhang
12.1 Macrophage and cardiovascular disease
255(1)
12.2 Macrophage classification
255(1)
12.3 Macrophage and atherosclerosis
255(1)
12.3.1 Role of macrophages in early atherosclerosis
256(1)
12.3.2 Role of macrophages in the progression of atherosclerosis
256(1)
12.3.3 The role of macrophages in the late stage of atherosclerosis
256(1)
12.4 Macrophage and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion
256(1)
12.4.1 Role of macrophages in early stage of myocardial ischemia
257(1)
12.4.2 Role of macrophages in late stage of myocardial ischemia
257(1)
12.5 Macrophage and diabetes mellitus
257(3)
12.5.1 Macrophage and diabetes mellitus
257(1)
12.5.2 Macrophage and diabetic nephropathy
258(1)
12.5.3 Macrophage and diabetic retinopathy
259(1)
12.6 Conclusion
260(5)
References
260(5)
Chapter 13 Atherosclerosis
265(12)
Yuan Yee Lee
Man Hee Rhee
13.1 Introduction
265(1)
13.2 Atherosclerosis and low-density lipoprotein
266(1)
13.3 Atherosclerosis involves the activation of inflammatory cascades
266(2)
13.4 Atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation, thrombosis and cardiovascular-related diseases
268(2)
13.5 Upcoming trends of platelet activation and thrombosis
270(1)
13.6 Paraclinical and clinical studies of atherosclerosis and macrophage regulation
270(2)
13.7 Conclusion
272(5)
References
272(5)
Chapter 14 The pathophysiological role of macrophages in colitis and their treatment
277(22)
Min Li
Qianqian Xue
Xi Yang
Lynn Htet Htet Aung
Yanyan Yang
Tao Yu
14.1 Introduction
277(1)
14.2 Functional roles and mechanisms of macrophage in the pathophysiology of colitis
278(3)
14.2.1 NF-K.B
278(1)
14.2.2 MAPK
279(1)
14.2.3 JAK/STAT
279(1)
14.2.4 Activator protein 1
280(1)
14.2.5 Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase
280(1)
14.2.6 Mtor
280(1)
14.2.7 Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2
281(1)
14.2.8 Others
281(1)
14.3 Treatment of colitis targeting macrophage
281(8)
14.3.1 Inhibitors targeting on inflammatory responses
281(3)
14.3.2 Inhibitors targeting on the oxidative stress signaling pathway
284(1)
14.3.3 Inhibitors targeting inflammasomes
285(1)
14.3.4 Functionalized nanoparticles
286(1)
14.3.5 Nucleotide-mediated immunotherapy
287(2)
14.4 Clinical evaluation
289(2)
14.4.1 Butyric acid
289(1)
14.4.2 Salicylate mesalazine
289(1)
14.4.3 RDP58
290(1)
14.4.4 Cobitolimod
291(1)
14.5 Conclusion
291(8)
References
291(8)
Chapter 15 Macrophages in respiratory system
299(36)
Md Bashir Uddin
Emran Hossain Sajib
Syeda Farjana Hoque
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
15.1 Introduction
299(2)
15.2 Types of respiratory tract macrophages
301(4)
15.2.1 Alveolar macrophages
301(2)
15.2.2 Interstitial macrophages
303(2)
15.2.3 Dendritic cells
305(1)
15.2.4 Monocytes
305(1)
15.2.5 Intravascular macrophages
305(1)
15.3 Origin of respiratory tract macrophages
305(2)
15.3.1 Origin of lung macrophages under steady state
306(1)
15.3.2 Origin of lung macrophages during inflammation and stress
307(1)
15.4 Innate and acquired immunity by macrophages in respiratory tract
307(1)
15.5 Macrophage against bacteria
308(2)
15.5.1 Streptococcus pneumoniae
308(1)
15.5.2 Staphylococcus aureus
308(1)
15.5.3 Klebsiella pneumonia
309(1)
15.5.4 Other bacteria
309(1)
15.6 Macrophage against viruses
310(3)
15.6.1 Respiratory syncytial virus
310(1)
15.6.2 Influenza virus
311(1)
15.6.3 Adenoviruses
311(1)
15.6.4 SARS viruses
312(1)
15.6.5 Human immunodeficiency virus
313(1)
15.7 Macrophages against fungi
313(1)
15.8 Macrophage responses to inhaled particulate matter
314(1)
15.9 Macrophage responses to particle size and chemical composition
314(1)
15.10 Macrophage responses to other ambient chemicals
315(1)
15.11 Macrophages in tissue damage control
316(1)
15.12 Macrophage dysfunction in respiratory diseases
317(18)
15.12.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
317(1)
15.12.2 Asthma
318(1)
15.12.3 Cystic fibrosis
318(1)
15.12.4 Fibrotic lung disease
319(1)
15.12.5 Other reasons for macrophages defects
320(1)
References
320(15)
Chapter 16 Role of macrophages in systemic inflammation: wound healing
335(26)
Md. Selim Ahmed
Moizur Rahman
Md. Abdul Matin
Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
16.1 Introduction
335(1)
16.2 Wound healing
336(1)
16.3 Sequence of events in wound healing
336(2)
16.3.1 Initial phase (hemostasis)
336(1)
16.3.2 Second phase (inflammation)
337(1)
16.3.3 Third phase---granulation/proliferation
338(1)
16.3.4 Fourth phase---remodeling/maturation
338(1)
16.4 Factor affecting wound healing
338(2)
16.4.1 Local factors
339(1)
16.4.2 Systemic factors
339(1)
16.5 Myeloid lineage cells during different stages of skin healing
340(6)
16.5.1 Macrophages
340(5)
16.5.2 Neutrophils
345(1)
16.6 Role of macrophages in wound healing
346(1)
16.7 Classification of macrophage
347(2)
16.8 Macrophage phenotype markers: a mystery between in vitro and in vivo models
349(1)
16.9 Macrophage dysregulation and chronic wound
350(3)
16.10 The use of macrophages in clinical practices
353(1)
16.11 Macrophage therapy in preclinical studies
353(1)
16.12 Recent clinical research of macrophage therapy
353(1)
16.13 The potential advantages and disadvantages of macrophage therapy in current research and their implications for the future
354(1)
16.14 Conclusion
355(6)
References
355(6)
Chapter 17 Kupffer cells and liver
361(36)
Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
Md. Abdul Matin
Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
Md. Selim Ahmed
Moizur Rahman
17.1 Introduction
361(1)
17.2 The origin and polarization of KCs
362(1)
17.3 The activation mechanisms of KCs
363(1)
17.4 Role of KCs in the pathogenesis of liver diseases
363(4)
17.4.1 The role of KCs in hepatic injury
363(3)
17.4.2 The role of KCs in liver fibrosis
366(1)
17.5 The role of KCs in liver diseases
367(8)
17.5.1 The role of KCs in liver infections
367(8)
17.6 KCs in fatty liver disease
375(1)
17.7 KCs in liver-ischemia-reperfusion injury
376(1)
17.8 KCs in liver transplantation immunology
377(1)
17.9 KCs in liver cancer and metastases
378(2)
17.10 KCs-neutrophil interaction in host defense, immune tolerance and liver regeneration
380(2)
17.10.1 Host defense
380(1)
17.10.2 Immune tolerance
381(1)
17.10.3 Liver regeneration
381(1)
17.11 Conclusion
382(15)
References
382(15)
Chapter 18 The role of macrophages in tuberculosis
397(22)
Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
Md. Abdul Matin
Moizur Rahman
Md. Selim Ahmed
Md. Asadazzuaman
Ausraful Islam
18.1 Tuberculosis: a global burden
397(1)
18.2 Historical perspective of tuberculosis
397(1)
18.3 Tuberculosis chemotherapy and vaccination
398(1)
18.4 Macrophages (MΦs) heterogeneity and plasticity
399(1)
18.4.1 The alveolar macrophages
399(1)
18.5 Entry of Mtb and strategies to survive
400(4)
18.5.1 The first encounter of Mtb and MΦs
400(1)
18.5.2 Ecology Mtb in the phagosome
400(1)
18.5.3 The exit of Mtb from the phagosome
401(1)
18.5.4 Phagosome maturation and Mtb
401(2)
18.5.5 Mtb evades autophagy and manipulates the inflammasome
403(1)
18.5.6 Apoptosis and Mtb
404(1)
18.6 MΦs artillery and strategies
404(1)
18.6.1 MΦs and Mtb granuloma
404(1)
18.6.2 MΦs recognition of Mtb
405(1)
18.6.3 The proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine response
405(1)
18.6.4 Chronic inflammatory response and MΦs
405(1)
18.7 Mtb strains and MΦs
405(3)
18.7.1 MΦs initiation and Mtb strains
405(2)
18.7.2 Variation of the Mtb cell envelope and MΦs
407(1)
18.8 Summary of strategies of Mtb and the host
408(1)
18.9 Conclusion
408(11)
References
408(11)
SECTION IV Conclusions
Chapter 19 The roles of macrophages in mediating the homeostatic process
419(28)
Ankita Mitra
Jae Youl Cho
19.1 Introduction
419(4)
19.1.1 Key concepts of homeostasis and inflammation
420(1)
19.1.2 Relationship between homeostasis and inflammation in disease susceptibility
420(2)
19.1.3 Role of macrophages in the maintenance of the homeostatic process
422(1)
19.2 The roles of macrophages in tissue-specific homeostasis
423(12)
19.2.1 Macrophages in lung homeostasis
423(4)
19.2.2 Macrophages in cardiovascular tissue homeostasis
427(2)
19.2.3 Macrophages in central nervous system homeostasis
429(2)
19.2.4 Macrophages in colon and intestinal/gut tissue homeostasis
431(2)
19.2.5 Macrophage polarization in homeostasis and cancer development
433(2)
19.3 Epigenetic determinants of macrophage regulation in tissue/host-defense homeostasis
435(2)
19.4 Conclusion and future perspective
437(10)
References
438(9)
Index 447
Dr. Cho is a Professor at Sungkyunkwan University. His research areas are inflammatory and cancer signaling and development of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer remedy from natural resources. His current research interests are to understand oncogene-related signaling cascade in cancer and inflammatory cells, and figure out the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer actions of naturally-occurring components. He was working as an Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Ginseng Research (IF = 6.060) and is currently acting as a director of Research Institute of Biomolecule Control sponsored by National Research Foundation of Korea. He received B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Genetic Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, in 1991 and 1993, and Ph.D. in Immunology and Molecular Pathology Department from University College London in 2001. After his Ph.D., he worked as a Postdoctoral fellow in Washington University in St. Louis for 2 years. Before his moving to Sungkyunkwan University, Dr. Cho was an assistant and associate professor of Kangwon National University for 8 years from 2003. He has published 500 peer-reviewed papers and 160 registered and applied patents.