Preface and acknowledgements |
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ix | |
Abbreviations used in glosses |
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xiii | |
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xv | |
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xvii | |
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1 | (14) |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Referring expressions in discourse |
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3 | (6) |
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1.3 Referring expressions, dialogues, and Centering Theory |
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9 | (2) |
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1.4 Organisation of the book |
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11 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 Approaches to referring expressions |
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15 | (20) |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2 Referring expressions and the notion of givenness |
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15 | (7) |
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2.3 Topic entity, thematic structure and discourse segment |
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22 | (2) |
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2.4 Descriptive grammarian's view of `this', `that', `it' |
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24 | (2) |
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2.5 A pragmatic approach to referring expressions |
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26 | (2) |
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2.6 Reference assignment and discourse |
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28 | (1) |
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2.7 A possible hypothesis |
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29 | (1) |
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2.8 A case study of referring expressions in English dialogue data |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Approaches to deictic expressions |
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35 | (18) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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3.4 Anaphoric demonstratives: Deictic or anaphoric? |
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37 | (3) |
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3.5 Discourse deictic use |
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40 | (2) |
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3.6 The Givenness Hierarchy revisited |
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42 | (5) |
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3.7 Distribution of deictic expressions: An analysis |
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47 | (5) |
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3.7.1 Japanese Map Task Corpus |
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48 | (2) |
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3.7.2 English Map Task Corpus |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Data collection |
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53 | (8) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (3) |
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4.3.1 The original English and Japanese Map Task Corpus |
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54 | (2) |
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4.3.2 English and Japanese Labelless Map Task Corpus |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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4.6 Possible accessibility of the data |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Centering and dialogue |
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61 | (34) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (11) |
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62 | (8) |
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5.2.2 Discourse segmentation: The local focus and global focus in discourse |
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70 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Specific questions in dialogic discourse |
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72 | (1) |
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5.3 Methodology of R2: Coding of transition states |
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73 | (2) |
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5.4 Centering and dialogue data |
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75 | (4) |
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79 | (8) |
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5.5.1 Centering transition in the Japanese Map Task Corpus |
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79 | (6) |
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5.5.2 Center transition in English Map Task Corpus |
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85 | (2) |
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5.6 Initial results and discussion |
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87 | (6) |
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87 | (2) |
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5.6.2 The Continue transition |
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89 | (2) |
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5.6.3 The Smooth-Shift transition |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Referring expressions and local coherence of discourse |
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95 | (22) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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6.3 The distribution of centering transitions in English and Japanese data |
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96 | (6) |
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6.4 Distribution of Cbs in centering transitions: Types of referring expressions |
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102 | (8) |
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6.5 The distribution of Cbs in transition sequence patterns |
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110 | (4) |
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114 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Referring expressions and global discourse structure |
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117 | (42) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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7.3 The role of full NPs in the global focus of discourse |
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118 | (12) |
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7.3.1 The limitation of Centering Theory |
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118 | (6) |
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7.3.2 Walker's cache model |
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124 | (6) |
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130 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Result: First mentions in Japanese data |
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131 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Result: Subsequent mentions in Japanese data |
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132 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Result: First mentions in English data |
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133 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Subsequent mentions in English data |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (12) |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (6) |
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7.5.4 Summary of discussion |
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147 | (1) |
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7.6 Resolutions: The interpretation of NPs |
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147 | (9) |
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7.6.1 Resolution 1: Extended interpretation of IRUs |
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149 | (2) |
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7.6.2 Resolution 2: Cue words |
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151 | (1) |
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7.6.3 Resolution 3: The role of Japanese demonstratives as topic continuity |
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152 | (1) |
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7.6.4 Further discussion of resolutions 1 and 3 |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Collaborative nature of referring and structuring in discourse |
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159 | (26) |
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159 | (2) |
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8.2 NPs as first mentions in an initial presentation |
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161 | (4) |
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8.3 NPs as subsequent mentions in an established topic |
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165 | (3) |
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8.4 Discussion: A comparison with a narrative discourse `Pear Stories' |
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168 | (3) |
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8.5 Discussion: Discourse entities and sentence constructions in English and Japanese Map Task Corpora |
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171 | (13) |
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8.5.1 General view: Sentences as interaction |
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171 | (1) |
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8.5.2 General issues and specific questions |
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172 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Clause constructions in naturally occurring dialogues |
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172 | (2) |
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8.5.4 A case study: Types of conditional clauses |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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8.5.6 Functions of conditional clauses |
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176 | (4) |
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8.5.7 Preliminary discussion: The interaction of utterance types, first mentions, and discourse development |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (4) |
Appendix A The samples of English and Japanese Map Task Dialogues |
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189 | (6) |
Appendix B Conventions in transcripts |
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195 | (2) |
References |
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197 | (8) |
Index |
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205 | |