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E-raamat: RF/Microwave Engineering and Applications in Energy Systems

(North Carolina A&T State University, NC, USA; Purdue University Indiana, USA)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119268802
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RF/Microwave Engineering and Applications in Energy SystemsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119268802
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RF/MICROWAVE ENGINEERING AND APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY SYSTEMS

An essential text with a unique focus on RF and microwave engineering theory and its applications

In RF/Microwave Engineering and Applications in Energy Systems, accomplished researcher Abdullah Eroglu delivers a detailed treatment of key theoretical aspects of radio-frequency and microwave engineering concepts along with parallel presentations of their practical applications. The text includes coverage of recent advances in the subject, including energy harvesting methods, RFID antenna designs, HVAC system controls, and smart grids.

The distinguished author provides step-by-step solutions to common engineering problems by way of numerous examples and offers end-of-chapter problems and solutions on each topic. These practical applications of theoretical subjects aid the reader with retention and recall and demonstrate a solid connection between theory and practice.

The author also applies common simulation tools in several chapters, illustrating the use and implementation of time domain circuit simulators in conjunction with electromagnetic simulators, as well as Matlab for design, simulation, and implementation at the component and system levels.

Readers will also benefit from:

  • A thorough introduction to the foundations of electromagnetics, including line, surface, and volume integrals, vector operation and theorems, and Maxwell’s equations
  • Comprehensive explorations of passive and active components in RF and microwave engineering, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, and semiconductor materials and active devices
  • Practical discussions of transmission lines, including transmission line analysis, Smith charts, microstrip lines, and striplines
  • In-depth examinations of network parameters, including impedance parameters, ABCD parameters, h-Hybrid parameters, and network connections

Perfect for senior-level undergraduates and graduate students studying RF or Microwave engineering, RF/Microwave Engineering and Applications in Energy Systems is also an indispensable resource for professionals whose work touches on radio-frequency and microwave technologies.

Preface xiii
Biography xv
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Companion Website xix
1 Fundamentals of Electromagnetics
1(26)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Line, Surface, and Volume Integrals
1(12)
1.2.1 Vector Analysis
1(1)
1.2.1.1 Unit Vector Relationship
1(1)
1.2.1.2 Vector Operations and Properties
2(2)
1.2.2 Coordinate Systems
4(1)
1.2.2.1 Cartesian Coordinate System
4(1)
1.2.2.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System
5(1)
1.2.2.3 Spherical Coordinate System
6(2)
1.2.3 Differential Length (dl), Differential Area (ds), and Differential Volume (dv)
8(1)
1.2.3.1 dl, ds, and dv in a Cartesian Coordinate System
8(1)
1.2.3.2 dl, ds, and dv in a Cylindrical Coordinate System
8(1)
1.2.3.3 dl, ds, and dv in a Spherical Coordinate System
9(1)
1.2.4 Line Integral
10(2)
1.2.5 Surface Integral
12(1)
1.2.6 Volume Integral
12(1)
1.3 Vector Operators and Theorems
13(8)
1.3.1 Del Operator
13(1)
1.3.2 Gradient
13(2)
1.3.3 Divergence
15(1)
1.3.4 Curl
16(1)
1.3.5 Divergence Theorem
16(3)
1.3.6 Stokes' Theorem
19(2)
1.4 Maxwell's Equations
21(2)
1.4.1 Differential Forms of Maxwell's Equations
21(1)
1.4.2 Integral Forms of Maxwell's Equations
22(1)
1.5 Time Harmonic Fields
23(4)
References
25(1)
Problems
25(2)
2 Passive and Active Components
27(44)
2.1 Introduction
27(1)
2.2 Resistors
27(2)
2.3 Capacitors
29(3)
2.4 Inductors
32(7)
2.4.1 Air Core Inductor Design
34(2)
2.4.2 Magnetic Core Inductor Design
36(1)
2.4.3 Planar Inductor Design
37(1)
2.4.4 Transformers
38(1)
2.5 Semiconductor Materials and Active Devices
39(16)
2.5.1 Si
40(1)
2.5.2 Wide-Bandgap Devices
40(1)
2.5.2.1 GaAs
41(1)
2.5.2.2 GaN
41(1)
2.5.3 Active Devices
41(1)
2.5.3.1 BJT and HBTs
41(2)
2.5.3.2 FETs
43(1)
2.5.3.3 MOSFETs
44(9)
2.5.3.4 LDMOS
53(1)
2.5.3.5 High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT)
54(1)
2.6 Engineering Application Examples
55(16)
References
62(1)
Problems
63(8)
3 Transmission Lines
71(42)
3.1 Introduction
71(1)
3.2 Transmission Line Analysis
71(15)
3.2.1 Limiting Cases for Transmission Lines
75(1)
3.2.2 Transmission Line Parameters
76(1)
3.2.2.1 Coaxial Line
76(4)
3.2.2.2 Two-wire Transmission Line
80(1)
3.2.2.3 Parallel Plate Transmission Line
80(1)
3.2.3 Terminated Lossless Transmission Lines
81(4)
3.2.4 Special Cases of Terminated Transmission Lines
85(1)
3.2.4.1 Short-circuited Line
85(1)
3.2.4.2 Open-circuited Line
85(1)
3.3 Smith Chart
86(11)
3.3.1 Input Impedance Determination with a Smith Chart
91(4)
3.3.2 Smith Chart as an Admittance Chart
95(1)
3.3.3 ZY Smith Chart and Its Applications
95(2)
3.4 Microstrip Lines
97(7)
3.5 Striplines
104(3)
3.6 Engineering Application Examples
107(6)
References
109(1)
Problems
109(4)
4 Network Parameters
113(68)
4.1 Introduction
113(1)
4.2 Impedance Parameters -- Z Parameters
113(3)
4.3 Y Admittance Parameters
116(1)
4.4 ABCD Parameters
117(1)
4.5 h Hybrid Parameters
117(6)
4.6 Network Connections
123(6)
4.7 MATLAB Implementation of Network Parameters
129(12)
4.8 S-Scattering Parameters
141(13)
4.8.1 One-port Network
141(2)
4.8.2 JV-port Network
143(3)
4.8.3 Normalized Scattering Parameters
146(8)
4.9 Measurement of S Parameters
154(4)
4.9.1 Measurement of S Parameters for Two-port Network
154(2)
4.9.2 Measurement of S Parameters for a Three-port Network
156(2)
4.10 Chain Scattering Parameters
158(2)
4.11 Engineering Application Examples
160(21)
References
176(1)
Problems
176(5)
5 Impedance Matching
181(42)
5.1 Introduction
181(1)
5.2 Impedance Matching Network with Lumped Elements
181(3)
5.3 Impedance Matching with a Smith Chart -- Graphical Method
184(3)
5.4 Impedance Matching Network with Transmission Lines
187(6)
5.4.1 Quarter-wave Transformers
187(1)
5.4.2 Single Stub Tuning
188(1)
5.4.2.1 Shunt Single Stub Tuning
188(1)
5.4.2.2 Series Single Stub Tuning
189(1)
5.4.3 Double Stub Tuning
190(3)
5.5 Impedance Transformation and Matching between Source and Load Impedances
193(2)
5.6 Bandwidth of Matching Networks
195(2)
5.7 Engineering Application Examples
197(26)
References
219(1)
Problems
220(3)
6 Resonator Circuits
223(48)
6.1 Introduction
223(1)
6.2 Parallel and Series Resonant Networks
223(9)
6.2.1 Parallel Resonance
223(6)
6.2.2 Series Resonance
229(3)
6.3 Practical Resonances with Loss, Loading, and Coupling Effects
232(13)
6.3.1 Component Resonances
232(3)
6.3.2 Parallel LC Networks
235(1)
6.3.2.1 Parallel LC Networks with Ideal Components
235(1)
6.3.2.2 Parallel LC Networks with Nonideal Components
236(1)
6.3.2.3 Loading Effects on Parallel LC Networks
237(3)
6.3.2.4 LC Network Transformations
240(4)
6.3.2.5 LC Network with Series Loss
244(1)
6.4 Coupling of Resonators
245(4)
6.5 LC Resonators as Impedance Transformers
249(3)
6.5.1 Inductive Load
249(1)
6.5.2 Capacitive Load
250(2)
6.6 Tapped Resonators as Impedance Transformers
252(4)
6.6.1 Tapped-C Impedance Transformer
252(4)
6.6.2 Tapped-L Impedance Transformer
256(1)
6.7 Engineering Application Examples
256(15)
References
265(1)
Problems
265(6)
7 Couplers, Combiners, and Dividers
271(80)
7.1 Introduction
271(1)
7.2 Directional Couplers
271(18)
7.2.1 Microstrip Directional Couplers
272(1)
7.2.1.1 Two-line Microstrip Directional Couplers
272(4)
7.2.1.2 Three-line Microstrip Directional Couplers
276(3)
7.2.2 Multilayer and Multiline Planar Directional Couplers
279(2)
7.2.3 Transformer Coupled Directional Couplers
281(1)
7.2.3.1 Four-port Directional Coupler Design and Implementation
282(2)
7.2.3.2 Six-port Directional Coupler Design
284(5)
7.3 Multistate Reflectometers
289(3)
7.3.1 Multistate Reflectometer Based on Four-port Network and Variable Attenuator
289(3)
7.4 Combiners and Dividers
292(26)
7.4.1 Analysis of Combiners and Dividers
292(8)
7.4.2 Analysis of Dividers with Different Source Impedance
300(13)
7.4.3 Microstrip Implementation of Combiners/Dividers
313(5)
7.5 Engineering Application Examples
318(33)
References
347(1)
Problems
348(3)
8 Filters
351(74)
8.1 Introduction
351(1)
8.2 Filter Design Procedure
351(9)
8.3 Filter Design by the Insertion Loss Method
360(23)
8.3.1 Low Pass Filters
361(1)
8.3.1.1 Binomial Filter Response
362(3)
8.3.1.2 Chebyshev Filter Response
365(11)
8.3.2 High Pass Filters
376(2)
8.3.3 Bandpass Filters
378(4)
8.3.4 Bandstop Filters
382(1)
8.4 Stepped Impedance Low Pass Filters
383(3)
8.5 Stepped Impedance Resonator Bandpass Filters
386(2)
8.6 Edge/Parallel-coupled, Half-wavelength Resonator Bandpass Filters
388(6)
8.7 End-Coupled, Capacitive Gap, Half-Wavelength Resonator Bandpass Filters
394(6)
8.8 Tunable Tapped Combline Bandpass Filters
400(5)
8.8.1 Network Parameter Representation of Tunable Tapped Filter
402(3)
8.9 Dual Band Bandpass Filters using Composite Transmission Lines
405(1)
8.10 Engineering Application Examples
406(19)
References
422(1)
Problems
422(3)
9 Waveguides
425(32)
9.1 Introduction
425(1)
9.2 Rectangular Waveguides
425(17)
9.2.1 Waveguide Design with Isotropic Media
426(1)
9.2.1.1 TEmn Modes
427(2)
9.2.2 Waveguide Design with Gyrotropic Media
429(2)
9.2.2.1 TEm0 Modes
431(1)
9.2.3 Waveguide Design with Anisotropic Media
432(10)
9.3 Cylindrical Waveguides
442(2)
9.3.1 TE Modes
442(2)
9.3.2 TM Modes
444(1)
9.4 Waveguide Phase Shifter Design
444(2)
9.5 Engineering Application Examples
446(11)
References
454(1)
Problems
454(3)
10 Power Amplifiers
457(56)
10.1 Introduction
457(1)
10.2 Amplifier Parameters
457(13)
10.2.1 Gain
457(2)
10.2.2 Efficiency
459(1)
10.2.3 Power Output Capability
460(1)
10.2.4 Linearity
460(1)
10.2.5 1 dB Compression Point
461(1)
10.2.6 Harmonic Distortion
462(3)
10.2.7 Intermodulation
465(5)
10.3 Small Signal Amplifier Design
470(24)
10.3.1 DC Biasing Circuits
471(1)
10.3.2 BJT Biasing Circuits
472(1)
10.3.2.1 Fixed Bias
473(1)
10.3.2.2 Stable Bias
474(1)
10.3.2.3 Self-bias
475(1)
10.3.2.4 Emitter Bias
476(1)
10.3.2.5 Active Bias Circuit
477(1)
10.3.2.6 Bias Circuit using Linear Regulator
477(1)
10.3.3 FET Biasing Circuits
477(1)
10.3.4 Small Signal Amplifier Design Method
478(1)
10.3.4.1 Definitions Power Gains for Small Signal Amplifiers
478(4)
10.3.4.2 Design Steps for Small Signal Amplifier
482(1)
10.3.4.3 Small Signal Amplifier Stability
483(5)
10.3.4.4 Constant Gain Circles
488(5)
10.3.4.5 Unilateral Figure of Merit
493(1)
10.4 Engineering Application Examples
494(19)
References
508(1)
Problems
509(4)
11 Antennas
513(42)
11.1 Introduction
513(1)
11.2 Antenna Parameters
514(7)
11.3 Wire Antennas
521(10)
11.3.1 Infinitesimal (Hertzian) Dipole (Z ≤ λ/50)
521(3)
11.3.2 Short Dipole (λ/50) ≤ / ≤ λ/10)
524(1)
11.3.3 Half-wave Dipole (l = ≤ λ/2)
525(6)
11.4 Microstrip Antennas
531(8)
11.4.1 Type of Patch Antennas
533(1)
11.4.2 Feeding Methods
533(1)
11.4.2.1 Microstrip Line Feed
533(3)
11.4.2.2 Proximity Coupling
536(1)
11.4.3 Microstrip Antenna Analysis - Transmission Line Method
536(1)
11.4.4 Impedance Matching
537(2)
11.5 Engineering Application Examples
539(16)
References
552(1)
Problems
552(3)
12 RF Wireless Communication Basics for Emerging Technologies
555(22)
12.1 Introduction
555(1)
12.2 Wireless Technology Basics
555(1)
12.3 Standard Protocol vs Proprietary Protocol
556(1)
12.3.1 Standard Protocols
556(1)
12.3.2 Proprietary Protocols
556(1)
12.3.2.1 Physical Layer Only Approach
557(1)
12.4 Overview of Protocols
557(3)
12.4.1 ZigBee
557(1)
12.4.2 LowPAN
558(1)
12.4.3 Wi-Fi
558(2)
12.4.4 Bluetooth
560(1)
12.5 RFIDs
560(3)
12.5.1 Active RFID Tags
562(1)
12.5.2 Passive RFID Tags
562(1)
12.5.3 RFID Frequencies
562(1)
12.5.3.1 Low Frequency ~124 kHz and High Frequency ~13.56 MHz
562(1)
12.5.3.2 Ultrahigh Frequency (UHF) Tags ~423 MHz--2.45 GHz
563(1)
12.6 RF Technology for Implantable Medical Devices
563(2)
12.6.1 Challenges with IMDs
564(1)
12.6.1.1 Biocompatibility
564(1)
12.6.1.2 Frequency
564(1)
12.6.1.3 Dimension Constraints
564(1)
12.7 Engineering Application Examples
565(12)
References
576(1)
13 Energy Harvesting and HVAC Systems with RF Signals
577(34)
13.1 Introduction
577(1)
13.2 RF Energy Harvesting
577(1)
13.3 RF Energy Harvesting System Design for Dual Band Operation
578(7)
13.3.1 Matching Network for Energy Harvester
580(2)
13.3.2 RF-DC Conversion for Energy Harvester
582(1)
13.3.3 Clamper and Peak Detector Circuits
582(2)
13.3.4 Cascaded Rectifier
584(1)
13.3.5 Villard Voltage Multiplier
584(1)
13.3.6 RF-DC Rectifier Stages
584(1)
13.4 Diode Threshold Vth Cancellation
585(2)
13.4.1 Internal Vth Cancellation
585(1)
13.4.2 External Vth Cancellation
586(1)
13.4.3 Self-Vth Cancellation
586(1)
13.5 HVAC Systems
587(1)
13.6 Engineering Application Examples
588(23)
References
609(2)
Index 611
Abdullah Eroglu is Chair and Professor of Electrical Engineering at North Carolina A&T State University, NC, USA and Emeritus Professor of Electrical Engineering at Purdue University Indiana, USA. His research focuses on antennas, RF/W/THz circuit design, and wave propagation, metamaterials, RF Amplifier Topologies and Linearization Methods, and RF Control Systems. He has authored six books and edited one book and in excess of 140 journal and conference publications.
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