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ix | |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
Abbreviations |
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xv | |
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1 A Thoroughly Modern Medium |
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1 | (8) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Focus on Computer-Mediated Communication |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Defining the Object of Study |
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3 | (2) |
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1.4 Research Gap and Contributions to Knowledge |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 Partnership with Cambridge University Press |
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6 | (1) |
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1.6 Research Questions and Research Design |
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6 | (1) |
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1.7 Structure of the Book |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (26) |
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2.1 Informal Second Language Learning |
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9 | (9) |
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2.2 L2 English Computer-Mediated Communication |
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18 | (10) |
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2.3 Complexity in Language Learning |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (12) |
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36 | (1) |
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3.2 RQ1 and RQ2: A Survey-Based Approach |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (2) |
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3.4 Piloting and Modifications |
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40 | (1) |
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3.5 Data Collection and Processing |
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40 | (1) |
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3.6 Initial Description of the Data |
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41 | (6) |
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4 EL2 CMC Activities and Communicative (Dis)Comfort |
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47 | (18) |
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4.1 Language Activities and Language Functions |
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47 | (1) |
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4.2 Functional Approaches to Language |
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48 | (1) |
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4.3 Outlining a Functionally Motivated Language Activity |
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49 | (2) |
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4.4 Affective Barriers to Language Acquisition |
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51 | (1) |
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4.5 Constructing the Questionnaire |
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51 | (3) |
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4.6 Comfort with L2 Use Online |
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54 | (10) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (25) |
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66 | (3) |
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5.2 Constructing the Questionnaire |
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69 | (5) |
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5.3 Surveying Socio-Technical Configurations of EL2 CMC Usage |
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74 | (8) |
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5.4 EL2 CMC and Language Learning: Beliefs and Attitudes |
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82 | (6) |
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5.5 EL2 CMC, Informal Learning and the Language Classroom |
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88 | (2) |
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6 Difficulties Encountered in EL2 CMC Interactions |
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90 | (26) |
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6.1 Survival of the Fittest |
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90 | (1) |
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6.2 Systemic Contradictions |
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91 | (1) |
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6.3 Methodology: Constructing this Section of the Questionnaire |
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91 | (2) |
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6.4 Difficulties of EL2 CMC Reported by L2 English Users |
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93 | (13) |
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6.5 Quantitative Analysis |
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106 | (8) |
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6.6 Summary: Difficulties Encountered in EL2 CMC |
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114 | (2) |
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7 Language Online: A Corpus Study |
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116 | (43) |
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7.1 Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis |
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117 | (1) |
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7.2 Digital Conversation: Speech, Writing or Something Else? |
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117 | (5) |
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122 | (5) |
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7.4 Idiosyncratic Use of Common Language Items: Analyzing CANELC |
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127 | (1) |
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7.5 Non-Standard Typography |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (17) |
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7.7 Typographic Variation |
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145 | (8) |
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7.8 Filling in the Gaps: Instant Messaging |
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153 | (1) |
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7.9 Relating Speech, Writing and CMC |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (2) |
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8 Towards an Integration of EL2 CMC and Formal Instruction |
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159 | (29) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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8.3 Linked Activity Systems: The Case of Almon |
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162 | (5) |
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8.4 Incidental Learning and Multiple Motives |
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167 | (3) |
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8.5 A Macro-Functional Needs Analysis |
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170 | (5) |
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8.6 A Language Awareness Approach |
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175 | (4) |
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8.7 Proposed Classroom Methodology: Show and Tell |
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179 | (6) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (8) |
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9.1 Research Questions Revisited |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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9.4 Future Research Directions |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (2) |
References |
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196 | (11) |
Appendix A Questionnaire |
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207 | (8) |
Appendix B Codebook from Qualitative Analysis |
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215 | (6) |
Index |
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221 | |