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Part I Small Jurisdictions and Social Security: State of the Art |
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3 | (12) |
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3 | (4) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3 Social Security and the Law |
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8 | (2) |
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1.4 An Excursion: Legal Transplants |
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10 | (5) |
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13 | (2) |
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2 Small Jurisdictions; Their Common Features, in General and as Far as Social Security Is Concerned |
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15 | (32) |
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2.1 Economic and Environmental Shocks |
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17 | (2) |
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2.2 Scale Disadvantage and Flexibility |
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19 | (1) |
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2.3 Limited Human Resources and Limited Infrastructure |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (3) |
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2.5 Limited Number of People Covered by Social Security |
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26 | (1) |
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2.6 Importance of Migration |
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27 | (3) |
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2.7 Strong Ties with Other States |
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30 | (2) |
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2.8 Homogeneity, Social Cohesion and Democracy |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (4) |
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2.10 Unified Administration and Fragmentation |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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2.12 Legal and Social Security Transplants |
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39 | (8) |
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39 | (8) |
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Part II Country Studies: Social Security in Twenty Small Jurisdictions |
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47 | (12) |
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47 | (2) |
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3.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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49 | (3) |
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3.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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49 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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50 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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52 | (1) |
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3.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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52 | (3) |
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3.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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52 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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53 | (2) |
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3.4 Administration of Social Security |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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3.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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57 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (14) |
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59 | (1) |
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4.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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60 | (7) |
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4.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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60 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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62 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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64 | (3) |
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4.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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67 | (1) |
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4.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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67 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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67 | (1) |
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4.4 Administration of Social Security |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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4.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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70 | (3) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (12) |
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73 | (2) |
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5.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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75 | (3) |
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5.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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75 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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76 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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77 | (1) |
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5.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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78 | (2) |
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5.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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78 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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79 | (1) |
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5.4 Administration of Social Security |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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5.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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81 | (4) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (10) |
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85 | (1) |
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6.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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86 | (3) |
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6.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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86 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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87 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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88 | (1) |
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6.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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89 | (2) |
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6.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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89 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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89 | (2) |
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6.4 Administration of Social Security |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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6.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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93 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (10) |
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95 | (2) |
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7.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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97 | (2) |
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7.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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97 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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97 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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98 | (1) |
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7.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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99 | (1) |
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7.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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99 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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99 | (1) |
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7.4 Administration of Social Security |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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7.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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103 | (2) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (12) |
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105 | (1) |
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8.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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106 | (4) |
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8.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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106 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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107 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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109 | (1) |
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8.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Protection Schemes |
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110 | (2) |
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8.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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110 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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111 | (1) |
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8.4 Administration of Social Security |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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8.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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114 | (3) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (10) |
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117 | (1) |
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9.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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118 | (3) |
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9.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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118 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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119 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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120 | (1) |
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9.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Protection Schemes |
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121 | (1) |
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9.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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121 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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121 | (1) |
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9.4 Administration of Social Security |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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9.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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125 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (10) |
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127 | (1) |
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10.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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128 | (2) |
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10.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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128 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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129 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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129 | (1) |
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10.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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130 | (2) |
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10.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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130 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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130 | (2) |
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10.4 Administration of Social Security |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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10.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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134 | (3) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (10) |
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137 | (1) |
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11.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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138 | (2) |
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11.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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138 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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138 | (2) |
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11.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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140 | (1) |
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11.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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140 | (2) |
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11.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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140 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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141 | (1) |
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11.4 Administration of Social Security |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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11.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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144 | (3) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (8) |
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147 | (1) |
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12.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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148 | (2) |
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12.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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148 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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148 | (1) |
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12.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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149 | (1) |
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12.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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150 | (2) |
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12.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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150 | (1) |
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12.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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151 | (1) |
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12.4 Administration of Social Security |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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12.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (14) |
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155 | (2) |
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13.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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157 | (2) |
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13.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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157 | (1) |
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13.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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157 | (1) |
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13.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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158 | (1) |
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13.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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159 | (2) |
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13.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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159 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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160 | (1) |
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13.4 Administration of Social Security |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (2) |
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13.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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165 | (4) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (16) |
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169 | (1) |
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14.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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170 | (5) |
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14.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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170 | (2) |
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14.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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172 | (2) |
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14.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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174 | (1) |
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14.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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175 | (4) |
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14.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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175 | (1) |
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14.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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176 | (3) |
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14.4 Administration of Social Security |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (1) |
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14.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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182 | (3) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (10) |
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185 | (1) |
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15.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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186 | (4) |
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15.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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186 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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186 | (3) |
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15.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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189 | (1) |
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15.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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190 | (1) |
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15.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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190 | (1) |
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15.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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190 | (1) |
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15.4 Administration of Social Security |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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15.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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193 | (2) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (10) |
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195 | (1) |
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16.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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196 | (2) |
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16.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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196 | (1) |
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16.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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196 | (2) |
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16.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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198 | (1) |
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16.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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198 | (1) |
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16.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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198 | (1) |
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16.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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198 | (1) |
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16.4 Administration of Social Security |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (2) |
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16.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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202 | (3) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (10) |
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205 | (1) |
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17.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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206 | (2) |
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17.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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206 | (1) |
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17.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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206 | (2) |
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17.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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208 | (1) |
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17.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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208 | (2) |
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17.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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208 | (1) |
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17.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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209 | (1) |
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17.4 Administration of Social Security |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
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17.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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213 | (2) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (10) |
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215 | (1) |
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18.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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216 | (2) |
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18.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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216 | (1) |
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18.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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216 | (1) |
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18.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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217 | (1) |
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18.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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218 | (3) |
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18.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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218 | (1) |
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18.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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219 | (2) |
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18.4 Administration of Social Security |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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18.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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223 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (12) |
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225 | (2) |
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19.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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227 | (3) |
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19.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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227 | (1) |
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19.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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228 | (1) |
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19.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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229 | (1) |
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19.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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230 | (2) |
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19.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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230 | (1) |
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19.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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231 | (1) |
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19.4 Administration of Social Security |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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19.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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233 | (4) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (12) |
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237 | (1) |
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20.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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238 | (3) |
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20.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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238 | (1) |
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20.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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239 | (1) |
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20.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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240 | (1) |
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20.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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241 | (2) |
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20.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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241 | (1) |
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20.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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242 | (1) |
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20.4 Administration of Social Security |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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20.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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245 | (4) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (10) |
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249 | (1) |
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21.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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250 | (2) |
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21.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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250 | (1) |
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21.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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250 | (1) |
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21.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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251 | (1) |
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21.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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252 | (2) |
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21.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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252 | (1) |
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21.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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253 | (1) |
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21.4 Administration of Social Security |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
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21.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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257 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (14) |
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259 | (1) |
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22.2 Legal Framework of Rights to Social Security |
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260 | (3) |
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22.2.1 Constitutional Context |
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260 | (1) |
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22.2.2 Social Security Legislation and Structure |
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260 | (2) |
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22.2.3 Enforcement of Constitutional and Statutory Rights |
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262 | (1) |
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22.3 Population and the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
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263 | (2) |
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22.3.1 General Data on the Population and Its Composition |
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263 | (1) |
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22.3.2 Personal Scope of the Social Insurance and Social Assistance Schemes |
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264 | (1) |
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22.4 Administration of Social Security |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (1) |
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22.6 Additional Relevant Information |
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267 | (6) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (4) |
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Part III The Comparison: Facts and Recommendations |
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273 | (16) |
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23.1 Political, Cultural and Constitutional Context |
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273 | (1) |
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23.2 Conservatism and Absence of Originality |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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23.13 Economic and Environmental Shocks |
|
|
285 | (4) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
24 Twenty-One Recommendations |
|
|
289 | (34) |
|
24.1 Define the Goals That Are Pursued by Social Security |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
24.2 Make Social Security Address Your Own Reality of Today |
|
|
291 | (2) |
|
24.3 Listen to Advice, But Take Control |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
24.4 Consider Social Security as a Whole |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
24.5 Reflect on the Personal Scope of the Social Security Schemes |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
24.6 Take Care of the Democratic Consistency of Social Security |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
24.7 Deal in a Fair Way with Frontier and Seasonal Workers |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
24.8 Reconsider Advantages of Expats and Foreigners; Co-involve Tourists |
|
|
300 | (2) |
|
24.9 Pursue a Coherent Vision on the Social (Security) Responsibility Towards Emigrants |
|
|
302 | (2) |
|
24.10 Unify the Political Responsibility for Social Security |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
24.11 Overcome the Geographical, Linguistic and Digital Literacy Remoteness Between Social Security and the Persons It Protects |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
24.12 Provide the People Designing and Managing Social Security with the Right Knowledge |
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
24.13 Reconsider the Amount and the Processes of Means Testing |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
24.14 Develop the Legal Framework of Social Assistance |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
24.15 Pay Attention Not Creating Expectations that Cannot Be Upheld |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
24.16 Take a Multifaceted View on Investment Policy |
|
|
312 | (2) |
|
24.17 Take Integrity Issues Seriously |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
24.18 Make Suitable Coordination Agreements with Main Migration Countries |
|
|
315 | (3) |
|
24.19 Regulate Health Care Abroad and Avoid Inverse Redistribution |
|
|
318 | (2) |
|
24.20 Make Social Security Aware of Remittances |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
24.21 Make Social Security Prepared to Absorb Temporarily Contained Economic and Environmental Shocks |
|
|
321 | (2) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
323 | |