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E-raamat: Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environments

(University of Wollongong, New South Wales)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Apr-2017
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108157971
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Apr-2017
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108157971

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"At the convergence of the land and sea, coastal environments are some of the most dynamic and populated places on Earth. This book explains how the many varied forms of spatial analysis, including mapping, monitoring and modelling, can be applied to a range of coastal environments such as estuaries, mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs. Presenting empirical geographical approaches to modelling, which draw on recent developments in remote sensing technology, geographical information science and spatial statistics, it provides the analytical tools to map, monitor and explain or predict coastal features. With detailed case studies and accompanying online practical exercises, it is an ideal resource for undergraduate courses in spatial science. Taking abroad view of spatial analysis and covering basic and advanced analytical areas such as spatial data and geostatistics, it is also a useful reference for ecologists, geomorphologists, geographers and modellers interested in understanding coastal environments"--

Arvustused

'I wish this book had been around when I was a student! It ticks all the boxes: the primary focus on spatial analysis and interrogation of geospatial data is essential for sound, sustainable and evidence-based decision-making, and will give invaluable practical skills to students and practitioners alike; while the adoption of landscape ecology as the underpinning conceptual framework emphasises the need for joined-up, holistic and ultimately spatially-determined thinking in coastal science and management. The author shows a deep understanding of her subject matter, and her enthusiasm for, and love of, the coast stands out. Even the more complex ideas and methods are explained clearly and in an easily accessible, student-friendly manner. Although written for students of the coast, many of the concepts and methods introduced here will be readily transferrable to other areas of Earth Science specialism where geospatial expertise is needed.' Darius Bartlett, University College Cork, Ireland 'Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environments is a rare and overdue resource that provides a comprehensive overview as well an introduction to an array of important spatial analytical techniques and issues. Students and professionals new to coastal geographic information systems (GIS) will find the introductory coverage of data sources, mapping principles and analysis techniques easily accessible. Experienced researchers, coastal managers and planners, and instructors will take value from the coverage of advanced techniques such as geostatistics, modelling, and characterising uncertainty. The book is richly and usefully illustrated with both conceptual and case study maps and graphics. I expect this book to fill an important void and, through its readers, further expand the scientific and practical application of GIS to coastal environments.' Thomas R. Allen, Old Dominion University, Virginia 'It should become essential reading for students of coastal environments, demonstrating how spatial analysis methods, together with geographic information systems (GIS), can enrich and bring new insights to the study of this important field.' Robert Haining, University of Cambridge 'The text is accessible and well-written, and the chapters are well-structured. I believe that the strongest selling point of this book is that Hamylton covers critical concepts that are all too often disregarded in other publications. The author does not present spatial analysis as a panacea and acknowledges the limitations of the approaches that are presented. In conclusion, I would recommend Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environment for its scope and breadth (i.e., basic geographical analyses, mapping, monitoring, and explanatory and predictive modeling), well-defined terminology, multidisciplinary perspective, and treatment of concepts like spatial scale, data quality, and communication.' Vincent Lecours, Frontiers of Biogeography

Muu info

This book covers the spatial analytical tools needed to map, monitor and explain or predict coastal features, with accompanying online exercises.
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
1 The Application of Spatial Analysis to Coastal Environments
1(30)
1.1 Geographical Foundations of Spatial Analysis
1(1)
1.2 Definition of Spatial Analysis: Academic and Analytical Origins
1(3)
1.3 Location Matters in Coastal Environments: Place and Space
4(2)
1.4 Spatial Processes in Coastal Environments
6(3)
1.5 When Is It Desirable to Conduct Spatial Analysis for Coastal Management and Research?
9(1)
1.6 Spatial and Temporal Scales of Analysis
10(2)
1.7 A Disciplinary Framework for Coastal Spatial Analysis
12(1)
1.8 The Coastal Environment and Geospatial Analysis
13(3)
1.9 Landscape Ecology and Coastal Morphodynamics
16(6)
1.10 Unique Challenges to the Conduct of Spatial Analysis in Coastal Environments
22(2)
1.11 Directional Dependence and the Coastline
24(2)
1.12 Coastal Management Questions for Which Geospatial Analysis Offers Insight
26(2)
1.13 A Framework for Applying Spatial Analysis to Coastal Environments: Mapping, Monitoring and Modelling
28(2)
1.14 Summary of Key Points:
Chapter 1
30(1)
2 The Nature of Spatial Data
31(27)
2.1 The Spatial Data Matrix as a Structure for Storing Geographic Information
31(2)
2.2 Reference Systems, Projections and Datums
33(3)
2.3 Precursors to the Collection of Spatial Data: Conceptualisation and Representation
36(1)
2.4 Basic Data Structures: Raster and Vector Datasets
37(4)
2.5 Sources of Spatial Data
41(2)
2.6 The Different Levels of Measurement
43(3)
2.7 Spatial Data Quality in the Coastal Zone
46(2)
2.8 Spatial Data Scale
48(2)
2.9 The Collection of Spatial Referencing Information
50(2)
2.10 Applications of GPS Technology in the Coastal Zone
52(1)
2.11 Sampling Spatial Patterns of Coastal Phenomena
53(2)
2.12 Topology and Database Structures for Storing Spatial Data
55(2)
2.13 Summary of Key Points:
Chapter 2
57(1)
3 Basic Geographical Analysis With Spatial Information in Coastal Environments
58(27)
3.1 Basic Geometric Operations With Spatial Data
58(1)
3.2 Linking Data Through Spatial and Attribute Joins
59(1)
3.3 Visualising and Exploring Spatial Point Patterns
60(11)
3.4 Line Analysis: Networks
71(1)
3.5 Contextual Operators
72(1)
3.6 Trend Surface Analysis
73(1)
3.7 Analysis of Grids and Raster Surfaces
73(4)
3.8 Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis With Multiple Spatial Datasets
77(1)
3.9 A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of the Risk of Injury From Rock Falls at Worbarrow Bay, Dorset, UK
78(1)
3.10 Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA)
79(5)
3.11 Summary of Key Points:
Chapter 3
84(1)
4 Mapping Coastal Environments
85(41)
4.1 What Is Mapping?
85(1)
4.2 Why Map Coastal Environments?
85(1)
4.3 The Historical Importance of Coastal Mapping: Marie Tharp
86(2)
4.4 Defining Areas to Be Mapped
88(3)
4.5 Traditional Field-Based Approaches to Mapping Coastal Environments
91(1)
4.6 Remote Sensing
92(1)
4.7 Optical Remote Sensing of Shallow Marine Environments
93(1)
4.8 Sensor Specification for Mapping Coastal Environments
94(4)
4.9 Optical Satellite and Airborne Images for Coastal Mapping
98(2)
4.10 Mapping Methods
100(6)
4.11 Fieldwork for Mapping Coastal Environments
106(5)
4.12 Mapping From Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
111(2)
4.13 Mapping in Three Dimensions: the Importance of Bathymetry
113(6)
4.14 Mapping the Low Isles, Great Barrier Reef, Australia
119(5)
4.15 Summary of Key Points:
Chapter 4
124(2)
5 Monitoring Coastal Environments
126(28)
5.1 Monitoring Change Over Time
126(1)
5.2 Observing Change Over Time
127(3)
5.3 Sources of Historical Baseline Information
130(1)
5.4 Techniques for Measuring Change Over Time
131(4)
5.5 Constructing Change Matrices From Vegetation Maps of Aldabra Atoll
135(4)
5.6 Monitoring Shoreline Changes From Aerial Photographs
139(4)
5.7 Shoreline Changes on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, USA
143(2)
5.8 Assessing Volumetric Changes From Digital Elevation Models
145(1)
5.9 Some Pitfalls in the Spatial Analysis of Change
146(7)
5.10 Summary of Key Points:
Chapter 5
153(1)
6 Geostatistical Analysis of Coastal Environments
154(32)
6.1 Global and Local Geostatistics
154(2)
6.2 Spatial Autocorrelation: a Fundamental Property of Spatial Datasets
156(1)
6.3 Why Measure and Account for Spatial Autocorrelation?
157(1)
6.4 Measuring Spatial Autocorrelation
158(2)
6.5 Functions That Describe Spatial Structure
160(4)
6.6 The Spatial Weights Matrix
164(1)
6.7 What Does Spatial Autocorrelation Mean for the Analysis of Coastal Environments?
165(3)
6.8 Measuring the Dimensions of Spatial Autocorrelation
168(1)
6.9 Incorporating Autocorrelation Into Coastal Models
168(3)
6.10 Guiding the Design (e.g. Spatial Dimensions) of Sampling Schemes
171(1)
6.11 Four Practical Reasons to Measure Spatial Autocorrelation Along the Rocky Shores of the Northwestern Mediterranean
172(6)
6.12 Interpolation to Estimate Unknown Values From Sampled Point Locations
178(6)
6.13 Summary of Key Points:
Chapter 6
184(2)
7 Modelling Coastal Environments
186(26)
7.1 What Is a Model and Why Model Coastal Environments?
186(2)
7.2 Four Stages of Spatial Model Development: Observation, Measurement, Experimentation and Theory Development
188(3)
7.3 Structure vs Function: a Framework for Modelling Coastal Environments
191(2)
7.4 Measuring and Modelling Coastal Processes
193(6)
7.5 Developing Spatial Models
199(5)
7.6 The Use of Regression in Spatial Analysis: a Brief Background
204(3)
7.7 Explanatory and Predictive Modelling of Live Coral Cover Around Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia
207(4)
7.8 Summary of Key Points:
Chapter 7
211(1)
8 Addressing Uncertainty in the Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environments
212(22)
8.1 What Is Uncertainty in Spatial Analysis?
212(1)
8.2 Sources of Error in Spatial Analysis
213(2)
8.3 Measuring the Length of Britain: the Influence of Scale on Uncertainty
215(1)
8.4 Evaluating Uncertainty in Spatial Analysis
215(2)
8.5 Non-Geographic Approaches to the Evaluation of Uncertainty
217(4)
8.6 Geographic Approaches to the Evaluation of Uncertainty
221(1)
8.7 Mapping Residuals to Visualise the Spatial Distribution of Uncertainty
222(1)
8.8 How Mapping Residuals Can Help Model Specification: an Example of Vegetation
222(2)
8.9 Mapping Confidence Intervals
224(1)
8.10 Geographically Weighted Regression of Spatial Error
225(3)
8.11 Approaches to Digital Map Validation
228(2)
8.12 Evaluating the Uncertainty of Tsunami Inundation Maps: the Vulnerability of Manhattan, New York
230(3)
8.13 Summary of Key Points:
Chapter 8
233(1)
9 Communicating and Incorporating the Results of Spatial Analysis Successfully
234(14)
9.1 Can Science Solve the World's Problems?
234(1)
9.2 The Power of Maps and Spatial Analysis
235(1)
9.3 Critical Thinking, Interpretation and Responsible Communication of Spatial Analysis Results
236(1)
9.4 Principles of Digital Map Design and Graphical Representation Techniques
237(4)
9.5 Incorporating the Results of Spatial Analysis Into Organisational Practice
241(1)
9.6 Driving Innovation in Web-Based GIS and Online Mapping: Google Earth
242(2)
9.7 Web Atlases and Tools for Online Mapping
244(1)
9.8 Concluding Comments
245(2)
9.9 Summary of Key Points:
Chapter 9
247(1)
Glossary 248(14)
References 262(23)
Index 285
Sarah M. Hamylton is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Wollongong, New South Wales, where she specialises in the spatial analysis of coastal environments. Her research interests include the application of geospatial technology to tropical coastal environments. Her maps have helped establish marine protected areas, and her models of how climate change impacts coral reefs have informed national coastal policies.