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E-raamat: Syntactic Change in French

(Associate Professor of French Linguistics, University of Oxford)
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Syntactic Change in FrenchSuurem pilt
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This book provides the most comprehensive and detailed formal account to date of the evolution of French syntax. It makes use of the latest formal syntactic tools and combines careful textual analysis with a detailed synthesis of the research literature to provide a novel analysis of the major syntactic developments in the history of French. The empirical scope of the volume is exceptionally broad, and includes discussion of syntactic variation and change in Latin, Old, Middle, Renaissance, and Classical French, and standard and non-standard varieties of Modern French. Following an introduction to the general trends in grammatical change from Latin to French, Sam Wolfe explores a wide range of phenomena including the left periphery, subject positions and null subjects, verb movement, object placement, negation, and the makeup of the nominal expression. The book concludes with a comparative analysis of how French has come to develop the unique typological profile it has within
Romance today. The volume will thus be an indispensable tool for researchers and students in French and comparative Romance linguistics, as well as for readers interested in grammatical theory and historical linguistics more broadly.

Arvustused

Wolfe's new contribution to the history of French is undeniable and will surely be of interest not only to Romanists, but also to any generative linguist interested in language change, word order and syntax in general. * Espen Klævik-Pettersen, Journal of French Language Studies *

Series Preface ix
Acknowledgements x
List of Figures and Tables
xii
List of Abbreviations
xiv
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Background and motivation
1(3)
1.2 Aims and objectives
4(3)
2 Grammatical change from Latin to French
7(22)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 From synthetic to analytic?
7(11)
2.3 The evolution of negation
18(4)
2.4 Word-order change
22(6)
2.5 Summary and conclusion
28(1)
3 The left periphery
29(65)
3.1 Introduction
29(8)
3.1.1 The left-peripheral architecture of French and Romance
29(1)
3.1.1.1 The focus field
29(3)
3.1.1.2 The topic field
32(1)
3.1.1.3 The frame field
33(2)
3.1.1.4 Fin, Force, and complementizers
35(1)
3.1.1.5 Verb movement and Verb Second
36(1)
3.1.2 Summary
37(1)
3.2 The Latin left periphery
37(12)
3.2.1 The Indo-European foundation
37(2)
3.2.2 The focus field
39(4)
3.2.3 The frame-topic field
43(2)
3.2.4 Embedded clauses in Latin
45(1)
3.2.5 Change in subliterary and late Latin
46(3)
3.2.6 Summary
49(1)
3.3 The Old French left periphery
49(15)
3.3.1 The prefield of a V2 language
49(2)
3.3.2 The focus field
51(2)
3.3.3 The frame-topic field
53(3)
3.3.4 Particle si
56(4)
3.3.5 Embedded clauses in Old French
60(4)
3.3.6 Syntactic change from Early Old French to Later Old French
64(1)
3.4 The Middle, Renaissance, and Classical French left periphery
64(18)
3.4.1 Middle French and the Verb Second prefield
64(3)
3.4.2 The frame, topic, and focus fields in Middle French
67(3)
3.4.3 Particle si in Middle French
70(2)
3.4.4 The focus field in Renaissance and Classical French
72(4)
3.4.5 The frame-topic field in Renaissance and Classical French
76(1)
3.4.6 Embedded clauses in Middle, Renaissance, and Classical French
77(4)
3.4.7 Summary and conclusions
81(1)
3.5 The left periphery in Modern French
82(7)
3.5.1 The focus field in Modern French
82(2)
3.5.2 The frame-topic field in Modern French
84(2)
3.5.3 The embedded left periphery in Modern French
86(2)
3.5.4 Summary
88(1)
3.6 Summary and conclusions
89(5)
3.6.1 Summary
89(1)
3.6.2 The making of the French left periphery
90(4)
4 Verb placement and verb movement
94(54)
4.1 Introduction: verb movement in Romance and beyond
94(6)
4.1.1 The V-to-T typology
94(2)
4.1.2 The V-to-C typology
96(3)
4.1.3 V-in-situ
99(1)
4.2 Verb movement in Latin
100(7)
4.2.1 The conservative V-in-situ system
100(1)
4.2.2 The triggers for upwards reanalysis
101(4)
4.2.3 V-to-C in late Latin
105(2)
4.3 Verb movement in Old French
107(13)
4.3.1 V-to-C movement and V2 in Old French
107(1)
4.3.1.1 Arguments against C-V2
107(2)
4.3.1.2 Arguments for C-V2
109(4)
4.3.2 From Fin-V2 to Force-V2 in Old French
113(5)
4.3.3 Marked verb placement in Old French
118(2)
4.4 Verb movement in Middle French
120(7)
4.4.1 V2 as V-to-Fin movement in Middle French
120(5)
4.4.2 Marked verb placement in Middle French
125(2)
4.5 Verb movement from Renaissance to Modern French
127(11)
4.5.1 The emergence of V-to-T movement
127(5)
4.5.2 V-to-C relics from Renaissance French onwards
132(1)
4.5.2.1 V-to-C in Renaissance and Classical French
132(2)
4.5.2.2 V-to-C in Modern French
134(4)
4.6 Summary and conclusions
138(10)
4.6.1 Summary
138(2)
4.6.2 The great leap from Latin to Early Old French
140(3)
4.6.3 FromV2toSVO
143(3)
4.6.4 Conclusion
146(2)
5 The subject system
148(65)
5.1 Introduction: the subject system of French and Romance
148(4)
5.1.1 The fine structure of the subject layer
148(2)
5.1.2 Null subjects in French and Romance
150(2)
5.2 The Latin subject system
152(9)
5.2.1 Preverbal subjects
152(3)
5.2.2 Postverbal subjects
155(3)
5.2.3 Null arguments in Latin
158(2)
5.2.4 Summary
160(1)
5.3 The Old French subject system
161(14)
5.3.1 Preverbal subjects
161(2)
5.3.2 Postverbal subjects
163(7)
5.3.3 Null subjects in Old French
170(4)
5.3.4 Summary
174(1)
5.4 The Middle French subject system
175(11)
5.4.1 Preverbal subjects
175(5)
5.4.2 Postverbal subjects
180(3)
5.4.3 Null subjects in Middle French
183(3)
5.4.4 Summary
186(1)
5.5 The Renaissance and Classical French subject system
186(9)
5.5.1 Preverbal subjects
186(4)
5.5.2 Postverbal subjects
190(2)
5.5.3 Null subjects
192(3)
5.5.4 Summary
195(1)
5.6 The Modern French subject system
195(7)
5.6.1 Preverbal subjects and the status of pronouns
195(4)
5.6.2 Postverbal subjects
199(3)
5.6.3 Summary
202(1)
5.7 Summary and conclusions
202(11)
5.7.1 The evolution of the French subject system
202(3)
5.7.2 Change in subject positions
205(3)
5.7.3 French and the null-argument typology
208(5)
6 OV orders and the middlefield
213(30)
6.1 Introduction: head-directionality and OV orders in Romance and beyond
213(3)
6.1.1 Background
213(1)
6.1.2 Head-finality and the Final-Over-Final Condition
214(1)
6.1.3 The vP-periphery and the Uniformity of Phases
215(1)
6.2 OV orders in Latin
216(7)
6.2.1 Classical Latin as an OV language
216(4)
6.2.2 Evidence for change?
220(2)
6.2.3 Summary
222(1)
6.3 OV orders and Stylistic Fronting in Old French
223(12)
6.3.1 OV contexts across the clause
223(2)
6.3.2 vP scrambling
225(8)
6.3.3 Stylistic Fronting
233(2)
6.3.4 Summary
235(1)
6.4 Relic OV orders from Middle to Modern French
235(4)
6.5 Summary and conclusions
239(4)
6.5.1 Summary
239(1)
6.5.2 From OV to VO
240(3)
7 A new perspective on syntactic change in French
243(30)
7.1 Major findings
243(3)
7.1.1 Overall summary
243(3)
7.2 The history of French and parametric theory
246(12)
7.3 Beyond clausal word order
258(7)
7.3.1 Change in the nominal expression
258(4)
7.3.2 Change in the negative system
262(3)
7.4 Periodization, French, and the `Romance Club'
265(8)
References 273(46)
Index 319
Sam Wolfe is Associate Professor of French Linguistics at the University of Oxford and Tutor and Official Fellow of St Catherine's College, having previously held teaching positions at the universities of Cambridge and Manchester. His first book, Verb Second in Medieval Romance, was published by OUP in 2019, and he is the co-editor, with Rebecca Woods, of Rethinking Verb Second (OUP 2020) and, with Martin Maiden, of Variation and Change in Gallo-Romance Grammar (OUP 2020). The focus of his current research is syntactic change in French, closely related Gallo-Romance varieties, and Northern Italian Dialects.
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