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E-raamat: Syntax of Relative Clauses: A Unified Analysis

(Università degli Studi di Venezia)
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This book provides evidence that a unified analysis of the different types of relative clauses is possible. Addressing key issues of importance in the field today, it will be welcomed by a wide variety of linguists, ranging from formal theoretical linguists, to typologists, to semanticists.

Relative clauses play a hugely important role in analysing the structure of sentences. This book provides the first evidence that a unified analysis of the different types of relative clauses is possible - a step forward in our understanding. Using careful analyses of a wide range of languages, Cinque argues that the relative clause types can all be derived from a single, double-headed, structure. He also presents evidence that restrictive, maximalizing, ('integrated') non-restrictive, kind-defining, infinitival and participial RCs merge at different heights of the nominal extended projection. This book provides an elegant generalization about the structure of all relatives. Theoretically profound and empirically rich, it promises to radically alter the way we think about this subject for years to come.

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Drawing on a wide range of languages, Cinque argues that all relative clause types derive from a single, double-headed, structure.
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction 1(3)
1 Preliminaries
4(16)
1.1 The Syntactic Typology of Relative Clauses
4(1)
1.2 The Semantic Typology of Relative Clauses
5(1)
1.3 A Unified Double-Headed Analysis
6(1)
1.4 The Pre-nominal Origin of Relative Clauses If Linear Order Is Part of Narrow Syntax
7(7)
1.5 Pre-nominal Merge, Antisymmetry, and a Unified Double-Headed Structure for `Raising' and `Matching'
14(6)
2 Deriving the Cross-Linguistically Attested Types of Restrictive and Maximalizing Relative Clauses from a Double-Headed Structure
20(123)
2.1 Externally Headed Post-nominal Relative Clauses
20(45)
2.2 Externally Headed Pre-nominal Relative Clauses
65(8)
2.3 Internally Headed Relative Clauses
73(17)
2.4 Double-Headed Relative Clauses
90(7)
2.5 `Headless' or Free Relative Clauses and Light-Headed Ones
97(28)
2.6 Correlative Relative Clauses
125(16)
2.7 Adjoined Relative Clauses
141(2)
3 Deriving the Other Types of Relative Clauses from a Double-Headed Structure
143(99)
3.1 Finite Non-restrictive Relative Clauses
143(41)
3.2 Kind(-Defining) Relative Clauses
184(7)
3.3 Infinitival Relative Clauses
191(12)
3.4 Participial Relative Clauses
203(18)
3.5 The Different External Merge Positions of the Different Types of Relative Clauses
221(13)
3.6 A Note on Chinese Relative Clauses
234(8)
4 `Strategies' for the Realization of the Internal Head
242(14)
4.1 The Gap Strategy with Overt or Silent Invariant Relativizers
242(1)
4.2 The Gap Strategy with Relative Pronouns/Adjectives
242(2)
4.3 The Resumptive Pronoun/Epithet Strategy
244(4)
4.4 The PRO Strategy
248(1)
4.5 The Non-reduction Strategy
248(1)
4.6 The Verb-Coding Strategy
249(2)
4.7 A Note on Bantu Relative Clauses
251(2)
4.8 On the Putative Gapless Strategy of East Asian Relative Clauses
253(3)
5 Some Residual Questions
256(25)
5.1 Coordinated DP Heads: `Hydras'
256(2)
5.2 Relative Clauses with Split Antecedents
258(5)
5.3 Single Head Followed by a Relative Clause with Multiple Relative Pronouns
263(3)
5.4 `Double Dependence'
266(1)
5.5 Selective Extraction from Certain Relative Clauses
267(9)
5.6 Residual Points and Puzzles
276(5)
Conclusion
281(4)
Appendix: Possible Evidence for the Existence of Non-'raising' Derivations
285(29)
A1 Relative Clauses Failing to Display Reconstruction of the Head
286(2)
A2 Relative Clauses Failing to Display Movement - Hence `Raising'
288(2)
A3 Possible Advantages of an Analysis Countenancing Both `Matching' and `Raising'
290(3)
A4 Three Phenomena Discriminating between `Matching' and `Raising' - Extraposition, Stacking, and Weak Island Sensitivity - and Some Apparent Exceptions
293(21)
References 314(66)
Author Index 380(8)
Language Index 388(4)
Subject Index 392
Guglielmo Cinque is Professor of Linguistics at Ca' Foscari University of Venice.