| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
| Author Bios |
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xv | |
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Chapter 1 Urban Deer Introduction |
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1 | (32) |
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Sidebar 1.1 Deer Are a Mixed Blessing |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (2) |
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1.2 Bureau of Census Definition of Urban |
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6 | (2) |
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1.3 Ecological Definition of Urban |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (11) |
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1.4.1 Taxonomy of Urban Deer |
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11 | (1) |
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1.4.1.1 Deer Characteristics That Identify Them as Mammals |
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12 | (3) |
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1.4.1.2 Deer Characteristics That Identify Them as Cervids |
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15 | (1) |
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1.4.1.3 Deer Characteristics That Identify Them as Different Species or Subspecies |
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15 | (7) |
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1.5 Contemporary Relevance of a Text on Urban Deer |
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22 | (11) |
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1.5.1 Urbanization: Collision of an Invasive Hyperkeystone Species with a Keystone |
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23 | (1) |
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1.5.1.1 Humans (Homo sapiens) Are the Invasive Species |
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23 | (1) |
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1.5.1.2 Humans as a Hyperkeystone Species |
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24 | (1) |
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1.5.1.3 Deer as a Keystone Species |
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25 | (1) |
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Case Study 1.1 Reviews of Published Literature |
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26 | (7) |
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Chapter 2 Urban Neighborhoods Guarantee Deer Occupation |
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33 | (30) |
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2.1 Factors That Contributed to Deer Abundance in Urban America |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (14) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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39 | (4) |
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2.2.3.1 Application of Direct Count as a Population Estimate Procedure |
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43 | (1) |
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2.2.3.2 Application of Trap/Mark/Re-sight as a Population Estimate Procedure |
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43 | (2) |
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2.2.3.3 Application of Distance Sampling as a Population Estimate Procedure |
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45 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Harvest Recommendations Based on Census Data |
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47 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Deer Population Estimates: Money Not Well Spent |
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48 | (1) |
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2.3 National and Statewide Estimates of Deer Numbers |
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49 | (14) |
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Chapter 3 Overabundant Urban Deer |
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63 | (42) |
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3.1 Deer Management in Urban Areas when Compared To Rural Areas |
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63 | (16) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (2) |
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3.2 The Scope of the Problem |
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79 | (2) |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (6) |
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3.3.1 How Populations Grow |
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82 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Population Growth Rate Patterns |
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82 | (5) |
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3.4 History of Deer Abundance |
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87 | (3) |
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3.5 Factors Leading to Deer Overabundance |
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90 | (1) |
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3.5.1 Biological Carrying Capacity |
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90 | (1) |
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3.6 Problems Associated with Deer Overabundance |
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91 | (1) |
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3.6.1 Deer-Vehicle Collisions |
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91 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Disease Transmission |
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91 | (1) |
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3.7 Ecological Impact of Urban Deer Overabundance |
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92 | (1) |
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3.8 Laws and Regulations Concerning Urban Deer |
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93 | (8) |
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3.8.1 Who's in Charge of Managing Urban Deer? |
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93 | (1) |
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3.8.2 Who's in Charge of Regulating Urban Deer? |
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93 | (1) |
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3.8.3 Management Options in Texas |
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94 | (6) |
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3.8.4 Laws Governing Trap, Transport, and Transplant (TTT) and/or Process (TTP) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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3.9 The Tale of Two Cities |
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101 | (4) |
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101 | (1) |
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3.9.2 Need for Educational Program Development |
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102 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Urban Deer Management Planning: Process, Progress, and Problems |
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105 | (16) |
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4.1 Steps for Managing Urban Deer Populations |
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105 | (1) |
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Step 1 Determine the Scope of the Problem |
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106 | (1) |
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Step 2 Form a Deer Management Action Committee |
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107 | (1) |
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Step 3 Have a Town Hall Meeting |
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107 | (1) |
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Step 4 Develop an Urban Deer Management Plan |
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107 | (2) |
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Step 5 Implement the Plan and Monitor Results |
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109 | (1) |
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4.2 Suburban White-tailed Deer Management |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (3) |
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4.4 Who Are You Going to Call? |
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114 | (3) |
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4.5 Commitment to Urban Deer Management |
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117 | (4) |
| Appendix |
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121 | (32) |
| References |
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153 | (8) |
| Index |
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161 | |