Preface |
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1 Mobile Internet Video |
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1 | (28) |
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1.1 Accelerated Growth in Video Traffic |
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1 | (10) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (3) |
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1.1.4 Mobile Personal Devices |
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7 | (1) |
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1.1.5 Video Coding Standards |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (3) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Cloud Support for Mobile Apps |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.3 Wireless Transmission |
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14 | (3) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Wireless Power Charging |
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17 | (1) |
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1.4 Video Transmission and Distribution |
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17 | (7) |
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1.4.1 Adaptive Bit Rate Streaming |
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18 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Adaptive Streaming Framework |
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19 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Benefits of Adaptive Streaming |
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20 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Comparison of Adaptive Streaming Methods |
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20 | (1) |
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1.4.5 HTTP Live Streaming |
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21 | (2) |
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1.4.6 Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming |
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23 | (1) |
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1.4.7 Examples of P2P Protocols |
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23 | (1) |
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1.4.8 TV Program Analytics |
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23 | (1) |
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1.5 The User-TV Interface |
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24 | (3) |
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1.5.1 High-Definition Multimedia Interface |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Display Screen Content |
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26 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Smart TV versus Smart Remote |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
2 Broadband Wireless Standards |
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29 | (32) |
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2.1 Introduction to Wi-Fi |
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29 | (5) |
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2.1.1 Wi-Fi Deployments and Applications |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Wi-Fi Community Networks |
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31 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Wi-Fi Municipal Networks |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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2.1.6 Balloon-Powered Wireless Internet |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (11) |
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36 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Single-Stream Transmission |
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36 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Single-Stream Wi-Fi and 4G |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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2.2.6 802.11ac Antenna Beamforming |
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41 | (3) |
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2.2.7 Power-Efficient 802.11ac Beamforming |
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44 | (1) |
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2.3 4G LTE Cellular Networks |
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45 | (9) |
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2.3.1 Heterogeneous Network Architecture |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Carrier Aggregation |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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2.3.6 LTE-Advanced and IMT-Advanced |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (6) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (1) |
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2.4.6 Non-Real-Time TV Delivery |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
3 Video Traffic Smoothing, Multiplexing, and Streaming |
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61 | (44) |
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62 | (1) |
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3.2 Video Traffic Smoothing and Shaping |
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62 | (6) |
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3.2.1 Factors Affecting Smoothing Performance |
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63 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Frame Transmission Rate Control |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (2) |
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3.3 Video Segment Streaming Rate |
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68 | (4) |
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3.3.1 Impact of Receiver Buffer Size |
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68 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Progressive Streaming |
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70 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Frame-Based Streaming |
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71 | (1) |
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3.4 Peak-to-Average Ratio |
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72 | (2) |
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3.4.1 PAR Using Frame Sizes |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Practical Considerations |
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73 | (1) |
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3.5 Multiplexing VBR Streams |
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74 | (17) |
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74 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Analysis of Coded Frame Size Distribution |
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75 | (3) |
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3.5.3 Statistical Multiplexing |
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78 | (1) |
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3.5.4 Long-Term Bit Rate Variation |
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79 | (8) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (7) |
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3.6.1 Shaping Traffic in Adaptive Streaming |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Impact of Shaping and Scene Complexity on Quality Switching |
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93 | (1) |
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3.6.4 Impact of Shaping on Quality Switch Delay |
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94 | (1) |
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3.6.5 Impact of Shaping on Playback Duration |
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95 | (1) |
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3.6.6 Impact of Shaping on Start of Playback |
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95 | (1) |
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3.6.7 Impact of Unshaped Traffic on Quality Switching |
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96 | (1) |
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3.6.8 Comparison of HLS and MSS Streaming |
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97 | (1) |
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3.7 Adaptive Streaming Optimization |
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98 | (7) |
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3.7.1 Limitations of Fixed-Size Chunks |
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98 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Quality Levels and Chunk Duration |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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3.7.4 Bit Rates of Quality Levels |
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100 | (1) |
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3.7.5 Server Bandwidth Shaping |
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100 | (1) |
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3.7.6 Analyzing Network Congestion |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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3.7.10 Reducing Start-Up Delay |
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102 | (1) |
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3.7.11 Quality Levels Using Video Resolution |
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103 | (2) |
4 Wireless Video Transport |
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105 | (32) |
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4.1 Key Issues in Wireless Video Transmission |
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105 | (2) |
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4.1.1 Measures to Improve Video Transport |
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106 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Dealing with Packet Corruption |
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106 | (1) |
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4.2 Selective Information Dropping |
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107 | (4) |
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108 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Data Partitioning Performance |
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108 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Impact of Information Loss on Perceived Video Quality |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.3.1 Quantization Levels |
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111 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Quantization Strategies |
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111 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Adaptive Quantization |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (7) |
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4.4.1 Spatial and Temporal Error Concealment |
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113 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Examples of Error Concealment Techniques |
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113 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Effectiveness of Error Concealment |
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114 | (2) |
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4.4.4 Impact on Visual Artifacts |
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116 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Order of Block Concealment |
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117 | (2) |
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4.5 Traditional One-to-One Streaming |
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119 | (4) |
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4.5.1 Distributed Peer-to-Peer Streaming |
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120 | (1) |
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4.5.2 BitTorrent Operation |
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121 | (1) |
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4.5.3 BT and HTTP Performance Comparison |
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122 | (1) |
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4.6 Wireless Video Streaming |
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123 | (6) |
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4.6.1 IEEE 802.11 Video Streaming Performance |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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4.6.3 Impact of Higher Layers |
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127 | (2) |
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4.6.4 Impact of Number of Spatial Streams |
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129 | (1) |
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4.7 Adaptive Video Streaming |
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129 | (8) |
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4.7.1 Adaptive Video Quality |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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4.7.3 Bandwidth Estimation |
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131 | (1) |
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4.7.4 Single-Level HLS Adaptive Streaming |
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131 | (2) |
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4.7.5 Multilevel HLS Adaptive Streaming |
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133 | (2) |
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4.7.6 HLS Streaming Overheads |
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135 | (2) |
5 Advances in Video Coding Standards |
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137 | (34) |
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5.1 General Video Coding Operations |
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137 | (4) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (7) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
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5.2.8 Bit Rate Variability of P and B Frames |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (11) |
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5.3.1 Fundamental Benefits |
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148 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Differences between AVC and HEVC |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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5.3.5 Determining the Quadtree Depth |
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152 | (2) |
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5.3.6 Slices, Tiles, Wavefronts |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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5.3.9 Motion Vector Prediction |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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5.3.12 Advanced MV Prediction |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (10) |
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5.4.1 VP9 versus VP8 and AVC |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Interprediction Reference Frames |
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162 | (1) |
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5.4.6 Interprediction Modes |
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162 | (1) |
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5.4.7 Compound Inter-Intra Mode |
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163 | (1) |
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5.4.8 Subpixel Interpolation |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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5.4.10 Hybrid Transform Considerations |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
6 Video Coding Performance |
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171 | (28) |
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6.1 Coding Performance of VP8 and AVC |
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171 | (13) |
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6.1.1 One- and Two-Pass VP8 Encoding |
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172 | (2) |
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6.1.2 VP8 and AVC Encoding Rates |
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174 | (2) |
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6.1.3 VP8 Video Quality and Coding Efficiency |
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176 | (1) |
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6.1.4 VP8 and AVC Coding Efficiencies |
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177 | (2) |
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6.1.5 VP8 and AVC Video Quality |
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179 | (1) |
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6.1.6 VP8 Coding Efficiency and Video Quality Variation |
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180 | (1) |
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6.1.7 Impact of VP8 Reference and Key Frames |
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181 | (1) |
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6.1.8 VP8 and AVC Two-Pass CBR Encoding |
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181 | (1) |
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6.1.9 VP8 One-Pass Capped VBR Encoding |
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182 | (2) |
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6.1.10 Summary of VP8 and AVC Encoding |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (11) |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (1) |
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6.2.3 HEVC Low-Delay Coding |
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190 | (2) |
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6.2.4 HEVC Random Access Coding |
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192 | (1) |
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6.2.5 HEVC and AVC Coding Efficiencies |
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193 | (1) |
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6.2.6 HEVC, AVC, and VP9 Coding Efficiencies |
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194 | (1) |
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6.3 Error Resiliency of HEVC and AVC |
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195 | (1) |
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6.3.1 Packet and Frame Loss Metrics |
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195 | (1) |
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6.3.2 HEVC and AVC Error Resiliency |
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196 | (1) |
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6.4 Coding for Adaptive Streaming |
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196 | (3) |
Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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199 | (6) |
Index |
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205 | |