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E-raamat: Violence Volcano

  • Formaat: 267 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Feb-2010
  • Kirjastus: Information Age Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781607523451
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  • Formaat: 267 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Feb-2010
  • Kirjastus: Information Age Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781607523451

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The Violence Volcano is for managers and workers in all types of business and government organizations, including law enforcement and other first-responders. Its purpose is to assist all organizations and their employees in fulfilling their obligations under U.S. Government regulations to reduce the risks of any and all forms of violence that affect workers during the time they are carrying out their duties as employees.The Violence Volcano is written at an appropriate level for either self-study, training programs, or classroom settings. It could be used as a supplement in business, educational administration, criminal justice and law enforcement classes, or other academic and trade programs.Key features of the book:• Uses the volcano metaphor to provide a simple and unique way to help readers under stand and remember how violence builds.• Provides a broader approach than other books toward recognizing and dealing with the issue of workplace violence, including both internal and external causes as well as signs of impending acts of violence.• Identifies and discusses the nature and complexity of violence in a variety of workplaces.• Helps management compare violence prevention costs with the immediate and direct costs plus the delayed and hidden costs of violent incidents at work.• Helps management, employees, and law enforcement personnel recognize environmental and organizational influences on employee behavior.• Helps management and employees develop an awareness of personal characteristics and work behaviors that build toward violent behavior, so that timely intervention can perhaps eliminate the threat of violence.• Assists management in establishing a crisis management team, an organizational crisis plan, a violence intervention plan, and a post-violence trauma plan.• Develops a comprehensive definition of workplace violence and examines its rapid growth.• Suggests administrative ways of reducing risks, such as establishing anti-violence policies, improving asset security, and providing an adequate support system.• Introduces the topics of legal responsibilities and liabilities, and working with law enforcement.
Preface xiii
The Authors xv
Joint Publications
xvi
Prologue xix
PART I Introduction
1 How Workplace Violence Has Grown
3
Violence in Organizations
4
Violent Events in Organizations, 1981-1990
4
Violent Events in Organizations, 1991-1994
6
Violent Events in Organizations, 1995-2000
8
Violent Events in Organizations, 2001-2005
13
Violent Events in Organizations, 2006-2009
16
Violence in Education
21
Violent Events in Education, 1989-1999
22
Violent Events in Education, 2000-2004
24
Violent Events in Education, 2005-2009
27
Summary
32
2 Costs and Definitions
35
Types of Costs
36
Immediate and Direct Costs
36
Delayed and Hidden Costs
36
Prevention Costs
38
Magnitude of Costs to Business
38
Imprecise Definitions Affect Accuracy of Statistics
40
Defining and Classifying Workplace Violence
40
Definitions Widely Used But Limited
41
Where and When May Not Be the Defining Factors
42
The Intent May Be More Defining than the Act
44
Definition Should Include Target, Perpetrator, and Intent
44
Summary
48
3 How Violent Behavior Builds The Volcano Analogy
49
Can We Predict Violent Behavior?
50
The Volcano Analogy
52
Level 1
53
Level 2
54
Level 3
55
Summary
56
PART II The Environment
4 Environmental Influences on Workplace Violence
59
Changing Sociocultural Environment
60
Changing Norms of Behavior
60
Changing Relationships
61
Work and Family Interdependence
62
Drugs, Gangs, and Organized Crime
62
Changing Economic Environment The Over-Under Society
64
Changing Business Conditions
64
Shrinking Job Market
65
Political-Legal Changes
66
Changing Nature of Jobs (Including Technological Changes)
67
Changing Nature of Workforce
67
Increased Diversity and Presence of Women
68
Sexual Preference, Age, and Other Forms of Diversity
69
Summary
71
5 Management's Dealing with Environmental Influences
73
Handling Changes in the Sociocultural Environment
74
Responding to the Increased Use of Drugs and Alcohol
76
Responding to Changes in the Economic Environment
77
Responding to Changes in the Nature of the Workforce
78
Responding to Ineffective or Problem Supervisors
79
Summary
81
PART III The Workplace
6 How the Workplace Affects Behavior
85
Occupations Traditionally Considered Hazardous
86
Vulnerable Organizations Not Traditionally Considered Hazardous
86
Organizations Disliked By Fanatics
90
Any Organization
92
Summary
93
7 Dealing with Workplace Influences
95
Recognize Potential Problems
96
In Occupations Traditionally Considered as Hazardous
96
In Vulnerable Organizations Not Traditionally Considered Hazardous
97
In Organizations Disliked by Fanatics
99
In Any and All Organizations
100
Identify, Prioritize, and Protect Organizational Assets
103
Define and Prioritize Organizational Assets
103
Perform a Needs Assessment
104
Correct Security Problem Areas
104
Establish Necessary Administrative Controls
105
Develop an Early Warning System
105
Train and Familiarize All Employees with Security Procedures
106
Summary
107
PART IV Employees
8 Employee Factors That Influence Violent Behavior
111
Financial Factors
112
Personal Motivations
112
Job and Work Expectations
114
Manager and Supervisor Expectations
115
Job Security
115
Personal Identity
116
Dysfunctional Behavior of Bosses and Coworkers
116
Personal and Personality Factors
117
Summary
119
9 Dealing with Employee Factors Related to Violence
121
Train to Recognize Personal Characteristics and Personal History
122
Was Recently Disciplined
122
History of Violence
122
Suspicious Job History
122
Unfavorable Military Record
123
Fascination with Guns and Weapons
123
Fanatical Behavior or Extremist Views
123
Substance Abuse
124
Emotional Instability
124
Blaming Others
124
No Healthy Way to Express Rage
125
Heightened Anxiety
125
Psychosis
125
Personality Magnification
126
Personality Disorders or Lack of Social/Family Support
126
Poor Self-Esteem and a Defensive Posture
127
Problems in Credit and Driving Records
127
Train to Recognize Work Behaviors and Relationships
127
Loss of Interest in Work
128
Threatening Behavior or Words
128
Malicious Gossip
128
Disgruntled Complaints
128
Attendance Problems
129
Property Destruction or Theft
129
Labor–Management Disputes
129
Uncontrollable Temper and Outbursts
129
Concentration Problems
129
Requires Much Supervision
130
Change in Behavior or Personal Appearance
130
Inconsistent Work Habits
130
Decline in Productivity or Performance
130
Bullying and Abusive Behavior
130
Train to Recognize How Violence Builds Through Different Levels
131
Take Special Precautions with Computers
132
Train to Diffuse Potentially Violent Situations
133
Provide an Adequate Support System to Prevent Violence
134
Behavioral Observation Programs (BON)
135
Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)
135
Reduce Social Stigma
137
Eliminate Bullying
137
Exhibit Post-Violence Patience
137
Train for Emergencies When Violence is Not Preventable
137
Summary
138
PART V The Organization
10 Organizational Influences on Workplace Violence
143
Inappropriate Management Styles/Behavior
144
Abusive Management
144
Intentional Mismanagement
145
Management Fads
146
Inappropriate Management Policies
146
Poor Communication
147
Management's Poor Relationship with Employees
147
Disagreeable or Distressful Job Factors
148
Pressures from Downsizing/Reorganizing
149
Negligent Attitude Toward Safety/Health of Personnel
150
Negative Organizational Culture
150
Job Overload and High Turnover
151
Summary
152
11 Dealing with Organizational Influences
153
Develop and Maintain Security
154
Establish A Positive, Hostility-Free Workplace Environment
154
Balance Rights of Troubled Workers and Other Employees
156
Select and Train Positive Managers and Supervisors
156
Eliminate Sick Work Environments
157
Summary
159
PART VI General Approaches to Workplace Violence
12 Administrative Ways of Reducing Risks
163
Establish And-Violence Policies
164
Improve Asset Security
165
Conduct Security Needs Assessment
165
Consider Facility Design and Provide Security Devices
166
Address Security Personnel Needs.
167
Provide Access Control
169
Improve Communication
170
Establish Procedure for Reporting Behaviors and Threats
170
Follow Established Disciplinary Procedures
171
Practice Non-Exacerbating Termination Procedures
172
Prepare for Bomb Threats
173
Minimize Negative Effects of Reorganization
174
Provide Outplacement Services
174
Assist with Stress Management
175
Establish a Crisis Management Team
176
Establish an Organizational Crisis Plan
178
Establish Distress Signals and Procedures
178
Set Up Early-Detection System
179
Identify and Communicate Who Handles Problems
179
Train Personnel in Well-Defined Procedures
180
Prepare a Post-Violence Trauma Plan
180
Summary
181
13 Legal Issues and Law Enforcement
183
Legal Issues
183
Responsibility and Liability
184
Harassment
185
Stalking
186
Domestic Violence
186
Mental Disabilities and the ADA
186
Approaches to Reduce Liability
187
Law Enforcement
188
Jurisdictional and Other Limitations
188
Pre-Incident Happenings
188
When 'Violence Occurs
189
Employee Rights
189
Summary
190
APPENDICES
A Organizations That Assist in Learning About Workplace Violence
195
B Example Documents
201
Incident Self-Report
202
Violence Prevention Checklist
203
C An Evaluative Instrument
205
Identifying Your Organization's Propensity to Elicit Violence
205
D A Training Outline Using the Violence Volcano Metaphor
211
Bibliography 213
Additional References 219
David D. Van Tassel was a professor of history at Case Western Reserve University, the creator of History Day, and editor of The History of Cleveland. John Vacha is the author of Showtime in Cleveland (The Kent State University Press, 2000) and The Music Went 'Round and Around: The Story of Musicarnival (The Kent State University Press, 2004).