Preface |
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xv | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxi | |
Guidance for Readers and Format of the Volume |
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xxviii | |
Introductory Essay: How to Read a Philosophical Text and How to Write about It |
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xxxi | |
Part I Knowledge and Certainty |
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1 | (73) |
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3 | (9) |
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2 Knowledge versus Opinion |
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12 | (7) |
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3 Demonstrative Knowledge and Its Starting points |
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19 | (3) |
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4 New Foundations for Knowledge |
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22 | (6) |
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5 The Senses as the Basis of Knowledge |
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Essay Concerning Human Understanding |
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28 | (6) |
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6 Innate Knowledge Defended |
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New Essays on Human Understanding |
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34 | (5) |
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7 Scepticism versus Human Nature |
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Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding |
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39 | (5) |
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8 Experience and Understanding |
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44 | (4) |
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9 From Sense-certainty to Self-consciousness |
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48 | (6) |
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10 Beliefs Judged by Their Practical Effects |
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54 | (7) |
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A Defence of Common Sense |
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61 | (7) |
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12 Does Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation? |
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68 | (8) |
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Part II Being and Reality |
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74 | (76) |
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1 The Allegory of the Cave |
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76 | (7) |
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83 | (4) |
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3 Supreme Being and Created Things |
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87 | (7) |
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Essay Concerning Human Understanding |
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94 | (5) |
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5 Substance, Life and Activity |
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99 | (6) |
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6 Nothing Outside the Mind |
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Principles of Human Knowledge |
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105 | (6) |
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7 The Limits of Metaphysical Speculation |
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Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding |
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111 | (6) |
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8 Metaphysics, Old and New |
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117 | (8) |
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Process and Reality, and Science and the Modern World |
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125 | (6) |
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131 | (7) |
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11 The End of Metaphysics? |
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The Elimination of Metaphysics |
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138 | (6) |
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12 The Problem of Ontology |
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144 | (8) |
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Part III Language and Meaning |
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150 | (64) |
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152 | (8) |
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2 Language and Its Acquisition |
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160 | (2) |
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3 Thought, Language and Its Components |
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162 | (4) |
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4 Language, Reason and Animal Utterance |
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166 | (3) |
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Essay Concerning Human Understanding |
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169 | (4) |
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6 Particular Ideas and General Meaning |
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Principles of Human Knowledge |
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173 | (5) |
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7 Denotation versus Connotation |
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178 | (5) |
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8 Names and Their Meaning |
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183 | (5) |
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9 Definite and Indefinite Descriptions |
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Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy |
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188 | (6) |
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194 | (8) |
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11 Non-descriptive Uses of Language |
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202 | (5) |
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12 How the Reference of Terms is Fixed |
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207 | (9) |
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Part IV Mind and Body |
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214 | (76) |
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216 | (7) |
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2 Soul and Body, Form and Matter |
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223 | (5) |
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228 | (8) |
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4 The Non-material Mind or Soul and Its Relation to the Body |
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Discourse and Meditations |
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236 | (6) |
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5 The Identity of Mind and Body |
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242 | (4) |
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246 | (6) |
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7 Body and Mind as Manifestations of Will |
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The World as Will and Idea |
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252 | (5) |
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8 The Problem of Other Minds |
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An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy |
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257 | (6) |
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9 The Hallmarks of Mental Phenomena |
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Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint |
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263 | (7) |
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10 The Myth of the 'Ghost in the Machine' |
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270 | (5) |
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11 Mental States as Functional States |
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275 | (8) |
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12 The Subjective Dimension of Consciousness |
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What is it Like to be a Bat? |
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283 | (9) |
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Part V The Self and Freedom |
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290 | (73) |
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1 The Self and Consciousness |
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Essay Concerning Human Understanding |
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292 | (6) |
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2 The Self as Primitive Concept |
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298 | (5) |
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A Treatise of Human Nature |
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303 | (6) |
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Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis |
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309 | (6) |
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5 Liberation from the Self |
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315 | (7) |
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6 Selfhood and Narrative Understanding |
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322 | (6) |
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7 Human Freedom and Divine Providence |
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328 | (5) |
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8 Freedom to Do What We Want |
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Liberty, Necessity and Chance |
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333 | (6) |
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9 Free Will as the Power of Rational Agency |
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Essays on the Active Powers of Man |
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339 | (7) |
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Philosophical Essay on Probability |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (6) |
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12 Freedom, Responsibility and the Ability to Do Otherwise |
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Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility |
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355 | (10) |
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Part VI God and Religion |
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363 | (69) |
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1 God Cannot Be Thought Not to Exist |
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365 | (3) |
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368 | (4) |
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3 God as Source of My Idea of the Infinite |
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372 | (6) |
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4 God's Existence Derived from His Nature or Essence |
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378 | (4) |
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382 | (4) |
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386 | (6) |
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7 The Argument from Design |
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Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion |
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392 | (6) |
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Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding |
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398 | (7) |
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Concluding Unscientific Postscript |
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405 | (7) |
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10 Reason, Passion and the Religious Hypothesis |
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412 | (6) |
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11 The Meaning of Religious Language |
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418 | (7) |
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12 Many Paths to the Same Ultimate Reality? |
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Problems of Religious Pluralism |
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425 | (9) |
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Part VII Science and Method |
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432 | (78) |
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1 Four Types of Explanation |
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434 | (3) |
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2 Experimental Methods and True Causes |
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437 | (7) |
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3 Mathematical Science and the Control of Nature |
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444 | (6) |
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4 The Limits of Scientific Explanation |
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450 | (6) |
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5 The Problem of Induction |
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Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding |
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456 | (6) |
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6 The Relation Between Cause and Effect |
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Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding |
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462 | (6) |
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7 Causality and our Experience of Events |
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468 | (5) |
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8 The Uniformity of Nature |
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473 | (6) |
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9 Science and Falsifiability |
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Conjectures and Refutations |
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479 | (7) |
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Explanation in Science and History |
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486 | (10) |
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11 Scientific Realism Versus Instrumentalism |
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The Ontological Status of Theoretical Entities |
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496 | (7) |
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12 Change and Crisis in Science |
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The Structure of Scientific Revolutions |
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503 | (9) |
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Part VIII Morality and the Good Life |
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510 | (73) |
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512 | (6) |
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518 | (4) |
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3 Morality and Natural Law |
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522 | (6) |
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4 Virtue, Reason and the Passions |
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528 | (5) |
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5 Human Feeling as the Source of Ethics |
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Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals |
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533 | (7) |
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6 Duty and Reason as the Ultimate Principle |
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Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals |
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540 | (6) |
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7 Happiness as the Foundation of Morality |
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546 | (6) |
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8 Utility and Common-sense Morality |
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552 | (7) |
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9 Against Conventional Morality |
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559 | (6) |
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565 | (6) |
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11 Ethics as Rooted in History and Culture |
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571 | (6) |
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12 Could Ethics Be Objective? |
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Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy |
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577 | (8) |
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Part IX Problems in Ethics |
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583 | (71) |
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1 Inequality, Freedom and Slavery |
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585 | (5) |
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590 | (3) |
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593 | (6) |
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4 Gender, Liberty and Equality |
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A Vindication of the Rights of Women |
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599 | (5) |
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5 Partiality and Favouritism |
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Enquiry Concerning Political Justice |
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604 | (4) |
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6 The Status of Non-human Animals |
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608 | (3) |
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7 The Purpose of Punishment |
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Principles of Morals and Legislation |
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611 | (7) |
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8 Our Relationship to the Environment |
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618 | (6) |
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624 | (8) |
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10 The Relief of Global Suffering |
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Famine, Affluence and Morality |
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632 | (6) |
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11 Medical Ethics and the Termination of Life |
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Active and Passive Euthanasia |
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638 | (6) |
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12 Cloning, Sexual Reproduction and Genetic Engineering |
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644 | (12) |
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Part X Authority and the State |
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654 | (77) |
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1 Our Obligation to Respect the Laws of the State |
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656 | (5) |
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661 | (4) |
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665 | (7) |
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4 Sovereignty and Security |
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672 | (6) |
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5 Consent and Political Obligation |
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Second Treatise of Civil Government |
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678 | (6) |
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6 Against Contractarianism |
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684 | (6) |
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7 Society and the Individual |
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690 | (7) |
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8 The Unified State - From Individual Desire to Rational Self-Determination |
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697 | (6) |
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9 Property, Labour and Alienation |
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703 | (7) |
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10 The Limits of Majority Rule |
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710 | (6) |
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11 Rational Choice and Fairness |
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716 | (7) |
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Anarchy, State and Utopia |
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723 | (10) |
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Part XI Beauty and Art |
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731 | (77) |
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733 | (6) |
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2 The Nature and Function of Dramatic Art |
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739 | (6) |
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Inquiry Concerning Beauty, Order, Harmony, Design |
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745 | (5) |
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750 | (7) |
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5 The Concept of the Beautiful |
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757 | (6) |
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6 The Metaphysics of Beauty |
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763 | (6) |
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769 | (7) |
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776 | (5) |
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The Psychology of Imagination |
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781 | (7) |
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788 | (5) |
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11 The Meaning of a Literary Work |
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793 | (8) |
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12 The Basis of Judgements of Taste |
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801 | (9) |
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Part XII Human Life and Its Meaning |
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808 | (65) |
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1 How to Accept Reality and Avoid Fear |
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On the Nature of the Universe |
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810 | (4) |
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2 Life Guided by Stoic Philosophy |
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814 | (4) |
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3 Meaning through Service to Others |
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818 | (3) |
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4 Contentment with the Human Lot |
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821 | (5) |
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5 The Human Condition, Wretched yet Redeemable |
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826 | (5) |
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6 Human Life as a Meaningless Struggle |
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On the Vanity of Existence |
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831 | (5) |
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7 The Death of God and the Ascendancy of the Will |
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836 | (5) |
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8 Idealism in a Godless Universe |
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841 | (7) |
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848 | (3) |
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10 Involvement versus Detachment |
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851 | (10) |
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11 Religious Belief as Necessary for Meaning |
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The Absurdity of Life without God |
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861 | (7) |
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12 Seeing Our Lives as Part of the Process |
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868 | (5) |
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Background Reading and Reference |
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873 | (6) |
Notes on the Philosophers |
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879 | (19) |
Index |
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898 | |